Black Cutworm Larvae Research Articles

Evaluation of Sampling Methods for Black Cutworm Larvae in Field Corn12

Apple pomace-bran pelleted baits and pitfalls were evaluated as sampling tools for larvae of Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) in field corn. Optimal bait placement was between alternating corn rows. A 3-day sampling period provided the most reliable estimate of population density. The % capture for 2 baits, 4 baits, 2 pitfalls, and 4 pitfalls was 10.7, 15.7, 7.6, and 13.5, respectively, for the 3-day sampling period. Significantly more larvae were recovered when using 4 traps than when using 2 traps.

Food Preferences of Five Species of Carabids Commonly Found in Iowa Cornfields 1

Food preferences of 5 species of adult carabids, Scarites substriatus, Evarthrus alternans, Pterostichus chalcites, P. lucublandus , and Harpalus pensylvanicus , were investigated under laboratory conditions. Various plant and animal material, as well as detritus were tested. Dead black cutworm larvae were the most preferred food for all species tested. H. pensylvanicus and E. alternans did, however, feed on a number of seeds. H. pensylvanicus may be quite omnivorous in its feeding habits. In general, dead crickets and both live and dead smooth-skinned Lepidoptera larvae were attractive food items, while isopods, phalangids, slugs, and earthworms were not. E. alternans, P. lucublandus , and H. pensylvanicus significantly preferred dead invertebrates over live ones. The attractiveness of dead animal material has special significance. The application of insecticides, which kill large numbers of insects, may be indirectly poisoning potential predators because of the carabid's willingness to feed on dead or dying insects.

Corn, A. Ipsilon Control, Baits, 1975

Abstract Corn, variety K-555, was planted at Wooster, Ohio during May (as noted with each test). The insecticides were broadcast over entire soil surface or banded in a 2-inch band along the side of the corn row. Either liquid or bait formulations were applied in June to corn with 2.5-3.0 fully emerged leaves. The soil in the plots was not disburbed prior to, during, or after treatment. Plots were 4 rows wide, 15 ft long, with 10 ft alleyways between replications. A randomized complete block design was used. Soil was a Wooster silt loam with approximately 2% O.M. Rainfall during the experiments was as noted in test results. Average soil temperature (4 inch depth) at treatment was 15.5°C. After the insecticides were applied, 6-inch aluminum barriers were erected in a portion of each plot to prevent larval migration out of the treated area. The migration barrier was 2 rows wide by 5 ft long. The number of corn plants within each barrier (plot) was thinned to an equal number. Ten, 5th stage black cutworm larvae were released in each plot approximately 4 hr post treatment. The damage to each plant in a plot was rated on a scale of 1 to 6 with 1, no damage; 2, leaf feeding only; 3, plant cut at whorl; 4, plant cut at or above 2nd leaf; 5, plant cut at ground; and 6, plant tunnelled. These evaluations were made twice per week with every plant cut at or below ttie second leaf being marked with a stake to facilitate its location for future readings. Evaluation continued for about 1 month. For analysis, all plants rating 3 or greater were placed into the category of cut plants and a % of cut plants for each plot was determined. The data were transformed by arc sin percentage prior to analysis, however, original data are reported.

Inhibitory and inductive effects of piperonyl butoxide on dihydroisodrin hydroxylation in vivo and in vitro in black cutworm ( Agrotis ypsilon) larvae

Biphasic inhibition and stimulation of microsomal oxidase activity in tissue homogenates in vitro and of dihydroisodrin (DHI) hydroxylation in vivo in black cutworm Agrotis ypsilon larvae have been produced by pretreating larvae with piperonyl butoxide (PB). Gut homogenate had greatest DHI hydroxylase activity of tissues tested and PB molar I 50 was 6.4 × 10 −5M. Two hours after topical application of PB (1.4 mg/larva) DHI hydroxylase was reduced 39, 30, 19 and 48% in fat body, gut, head and Malpighian tubule homogenates, and after 15 hours activity was increased 145, 69, 28 and 97% in the respective homogenates. The effects are time- and dose-dependent. In vivo three hours after PB administration, the rate of DHI hydroxylation was reduced 26%, but 15 hours after pretreatment the rate was increased 25%.

Isolation of a water-soluble toxin from a commercial microbial insecticide based on Bacillus thuringiensis

The insecticidal activities of the exotoxin produced by three varieties of Bacillus thuringiensis grown in six fermentation media were determined by testing the supernatants against larvae of the house fly, Musca domestica, and the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon. The activities of the exotoxins from the isolates varied when they were grown in the same medium and also when they were grown in different media. When an isolate of B. thuringiensis var. thuringiensis, and of var. tolworthi were grown in proflo broth, the supernatants produced were more toxic to house fly than to black cutworm larvae, indicating the presence of more than one exotoxin. Autoclaving the supernatants for 15 and 30 min further demonstrated the presence of several exotoxins.

A Simple Technique for Screening Insecticides to Control Black Cutworm Larvae, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel)

Journal Article A Simple Technique for Screening Insecticides to Control Black Cutworm Larvae, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) Get access Ralph E. Sechriest Ralph E. Sechriest Illinois Natural History Survey, Urbana Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 59, Issue 2, 1 April 1966, Page 485, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/59.2.485 Published: 01 April 1966 Article history Accepted: 10 January 1966 Published: 01 April 1966

The effectiveness of the heat-stable toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis var. thuringiensis berliner on larvae of Musca domestica Linnaeus

The insecticidal activities of the exotoxin produced by three varieties of Bacillus thuringiensis grown in six fermentation media were determined by testing the supernatants against larvae of the house fly, Musca domestica, and the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon. The activities of the exotoxins from the isolates varied when they were grown in the same medium and also when they were grown in different media. When an isolate of B. thuringiensis var. thuringiensis, and of var. tolworthi were grown in proflo broth, the supernatants produced were more toxic to house fly than to black cutworm larvae, indicating the presence of more than one exotoxin. Autoclaving the supernatants for 15 and 30 min further demonstrated the presence of several exotoxins.