The species described as Didymosphaeria sadasavanii RamachandraReddy (1961) has been found to represent a new genus. The fungus was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Oryza satica Linn., in Madras, India. Ramachandra-Reddy placed the organism in the genus Didymosphaeria because it agreed with Fuckel's (1869) characterization, Corticale, perithecia ut Pleospora, ascospora, didymae. I question Ramachandra-Reddy's placement of the species for the following reasons : (1) the asci are unitunicate, not bitunicate as described by RamachandraReddy (1961) ; (2) the paraphyses mentioned in the Latin description are not true paraphyses, but pseudoparaphyses; and, finally, (3) in all other species of Didymo sphaeria spermatia are present. In Didymosphaeria sadasavanii spermatia are absent. Since the classification of Pyrenomycetes given by Luttrell (1951) emphasizes the bitunicate or unitunicate ascus as the fundamental character, a genus cannot contain species with both types of asci. Thus, it is necessary to examine the type of Didymo sphaeria to determine the nature of the ascus. However, Fuckel (1869) did not designate a type species for Didymo sphaeria, but Scheinpflug (1958) found that Didymosphaeria futilis (Berk. & Br.) Rehm, the lectotype of Didymo sphaeria, has bitunicate asci. In fact, in the description of Didymo sphaeria he states, Sie [the asci] sind immer doppelwandig. Thus, a common feature of Didymo sphaeria is bitunicate asci. Scheinpflug (1958) did not specifically state that the sterile threads of Didymo sphaeria were true paraphyses. In all of his illustrations, how? ever, he shows the filaments to be attached at the bottom of the ascocarp and free at the ostiolar end. If this is so, they are true paraphyses. The type of ascocarp development is another characteristic which needs to be considered. The development in Didymo sphaeria sadasavanii