Bite Test Research Articles

Hypersensitivity to mosquito bite: a case report.

Severe hypersensitivity to mosquito bites is very rare. A 18-year-old girl student has had multiple hemorrhagic bullae with atrophic scars on both limbs and left side of the face due to mosquito bites for 16 years. When she was seven years old, she noticed a severe local reaction with bloody bullae formation, chills, and fever several hours after the mosquito bite. The bullae developed into ulcers which finally became scars. This patient was confirmed to be hypersensitive to mosquito bites by the mosquito bite test. This case is the first record of mosquito allergy in Taiwan.

Genetic Advance through Mass Selection for Tenderness in Sweet Corn1

Abstract Mass selection for improved tenderness was conducted in the corn (Zea mays L.) cultivar ‘Hawaiian Super-sweet No. 9’. Two selection criteria were applied separately—a pericarp thickness measurement of mature kernels, and a bite test of immature ears on the plant. Selection was carried out at 10% intensity among 400 ears each for 3 cycles by pericarp thickness and for 4 cycles by bite test. Selection based on pericarp thickness led to a genetic advance of 9.2% per cycle (from average 73.6 to 53.3 μm), with a concomitant 2.9% increase per cycle in tenderness as evaluated by the bite test. Genetic advance following selection based on the bite test was 3.9% per cycle as evaluated by the bite test and 2.9% per cycle as evaluated by pericarp micrometry, the germinal and abgerminal sides of pericarp differed consistently, with germinal 14.5% thinner than the abgerminal, but correlated so well for all cycles that only one side is advised in a selection program. A significant correlation (r=0.98) was found between average bite-test scores and immature pericarp thickness, but correlations based on individual ears were low (r=0.24). Bite-test scores were subject to high error variability (CV =25%) as opposed to pericarp micrometry (CV=12%). Both techniques deserve recommendation for tenderness-selection programs, possibly as tandem criteria for successive cycles of selection.

MILK GEL STRUCTURE. X. TEXTURE AND MICROSTRUCTURE IN CHEDDAR CHEESE MADE FROM WHOLE MILK AND FROM HOMOGENIZED LOW‐FAT MILK1

ABSTRACTReduced‐fat cheese (17% fat, 44% moisture) was considerably firmer and more elastic than full‐fat cheese (35% fat, 35% moisture), even though the moisture levels in the nonfat matter (MNFM) of the cheese were the same, at 54%. Electron microscopy and compositional analysis revealed about 30% more protein matrix in the reduced‐fat cheese. Apparently more of this matrix must be cut or deformed in sensorial and texture assessments. A practical implication is that MNFM should be slightly higher in the reduced‐fat cheese than in full‐fat cheese to achieve more similar texture.Homogenization of milk tended to increase the moisture content and decrease firmness and elasticity, but not markedly. The smaller fat globules, per se, did not apparently affect texture as measured in these experiments. Curd granule junctions were prominent in nonhomogenized‐milk cheese, because large fat globules were lost at the granule surfaces leaving protein‐dense junctions; those in homogenized‐milk cheese were less apparent because the protein‐dense areas, which resulted from the loss of small fat globules, were narrower.Sensory and textural parameters for firmness and elasticity were inter‐correlated. The Bite Test was more useful than Instron measurements of deformation (20%), apparently because the latter was markedly affected by a slight openness in the cheese.

Allergy to flea bites: II. Investigations of flea bite sensitivity in humans

1. 1. Domestic flea species prevalent in human habitations in the San Francisco Bay area were primarily Pulex irritans (L.) and Ctenocephalides felis Bouché. 2. 2. Flea bite tests on human subjects, undergoing routine testing for unclassified allergies, were made with the above-named species plus one additional flea, Pulex simulans Baker, closely related to P. irritans. 3. 3. It was found that reactions to flea bites consisted of an extravasated flaring reaction not connected with the hypersensitive state, immediate 20-minute whealing reactions with or without solar erythema, and delayed 24-hour reactions consisting of induration or papule formation with or without accompanying erythema or vesicle formation. Occasional delayed reactions culminated in erythematous multiform-like bullous eruptions in from 48 to 72 hours. Immediate and delayed reactions did or did not accompany each other. In 63% of the positive tests obtained, delayed reactions occurred unaccompanied by immediate whealing or erythematoid reactions. However, only rarely were positive immediate reactions unaccompanied by delayed reactions. 4. 4. A larger proportion of male than female subjects exhibited delayed reactions to flea bites. A similar trend was noticeable with respect to immediate reactions but was not statistically significant. 5. 5. Younger age groups of both males and females were more sensitive than older age groups to the bites of fleas with respect to the delayed reaction. The same trend was indicated with respect to the immediate reaction but was not statistically verifiable. 6. 6. The responses of different individuals to the bites of all three species of fleas were positively correlated; i.e., subjects showing immediate or delayed responses to one species usually exhibited immediate or delayed responses to the two other species. 7. 7. In general, the sensitivity of the subjects was greater to bites of P. irritans than to P. simulans or C. felis when measured either by immediate or delayed reactions.

Experiments with antimalarial drugs in man: II. A description of methods

The methods we used in the evaluation of a number of antimalarial drugs in man are described. Attention is called to the difficulty of obtaining suitable gametocyte carriers of P. falciparum. The suitability of African volunteers with partial immunity for causal prophylactic tests and the advantages of “single session biting tests” over the “multiple session biting test” for examining certain types of causal prophylactic drugs are discussed.

タテツツガムシ Trombicula scutellaris Nagayo et al の分布と人体吸着性について(第 6 回大会講演要旨)

タテツツガムシ Trombicula scutellaris Nagayo et al の分布と人体吸着性について(第 6 回大会講演要旨)