bisphenol-A Epoxy Research Articles

Multi-Functional Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites for Fire Retardant Applications

Development of multifunctional flame retardant (FR) polymer composite was done. Flame retardant polymer composite was prepared by modifying diglycidylether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) epoxy. Modification involved two types of FR. Reactive type FR used was phosphoric acid and additive type FR used was magnesium hydroxide. Composite was fabricated using resin infusion under flexible tooling (RIFT) process. Different FR epoxy samples were evaluated by compression test, UL 94. The carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite with attributes of flame retardancy were characterized using in-plane shear test, to estimate the structural properties, and UL-94 test, to estimate the fire performance. FR composite exhibited UL-94 rating of V-1 and a shear modulus of 9.7 GPa, which proved it to multifunctional.

ВОГНЕЗАХИСНА ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ЕПОКСИДНОГО ПОКРИТТЯ ІНТУМЕСЦЕНТНОГО ТИПУ

Purpose. The purpose of this work is to study the thermal degradation of epoxy polymers and nanocomposites based on them in a fire retardant intumescent coating having a composition – ammonium polyphosphate / melamine / pentaerythritol. Methods. Thermogravimetric studies have been performed on the device “Thermoscan-2”, fire tests were performed by the method of “Bunsen burner”. Results. The influence of the structure of epoxy resin as a polymer component of the intumescent system on oxidative thermal destruction and fire retardant efficiency of reactive coating has been researched. The obtained results allow us to state that the best result has been demonstrated by Araldite GY 783 – epoxy resin of bisphenols A/F with a reactive solvent. The thermal properties of various epoxy resins and nanocomposites based on them with organomodified montmorillonite have been studied. It was found that montmorillonite in the nanocomposite increases the decomposition temperature of epoxy resin. Scientific novelty. It has been shown that the variation of the polymer component of the intumescent coating has little effect on the swelling rate, but the fire retardant efficiency of the intumescent composition containing epoxy resin of bisphenols A/F is higher than the same characteristic for the composition based on epoxy resin of bisphenol A. It has been established that the exclusion of pentaerythritol from the formulation of the epoxy intumescent system causes the formation of a more regular and durable char insulation layer. It has been proved that the use of additional, including nanostructured flame retardants, namely, modified montmorillonite, can increase the fire retardant efficiency of the coating. Practical significance. The obtained results are of practical importance for the development of new scientific approaches to the design of fire-fighting materials with improved performance characteristics through the use of polymers that provide the construction of a thermostable thermal insulation char layer. Through a series of systematic tests, it has been demonstrated that the use of nanoclay and nanocomposites based on epoxy resins allows to improve the formulations of intumescent coatings with high performance with the help of budget nanotechnologies.

Component optimization of porous permeable brick in “sponge city” based on rainfall area division

The present study aims to prepare resin-based permeable bricks with micron-sized pores using fine aggregate with a particle diameter of 0.08mm-0.6mm and bisphenol-A epoxy resin, a polymer binder. The rainfall area of China was divided into 5 levels by using ArcGIS and Geoda geographic analysis software; The performance indexes of key components of resin-based permeable brick were selected by correlation with relevant standards, and the performance of materials is adjusted and designed according to the corresponding performance indexes, so as to meet the design requirements of “Sponge City”. The main method of material design is to adjust the key parameters of raw materials, such as aggregates, binder materials and admixtures, by using Image Pro Plus software and SEM and other test methods, so as to optimize the selection of “graded” aggregates and admixtures for different performance requirements scenarios to achieve the material selection goal. The highest permeable rate of resin-based permeable brick is 6.22× 10–2cm/s s, and the maximum compressive strength is more than 60MPa.

Preparation of aramid-based epoxy resin from low-grade aramid.

Low-grade aramid fibers, an unavoidable by-product in the industrialized process of aramid fiber production, are difficult to utilize and harmful to the environment. In this study, low-grade aramid fibers were recycled to assemble a high-quality epoxy resin through an epoxidation modification. Triggered by the epichlorohydrin, the molecular configuration of the low-grade aramid fibers was altered through crosslinking and chain-extension processes. bisphenol-A epoxy resin (E-51) with 5% aramid-based epoxy resin cured product exhibited improved mechanical and thermal properties, outperforming pure E-51 and pure aramid. This improvement is caused by the increased percentage of epoxide groups and flexible ether bonds. This work opens up new possibilities to maximize the reclamation of low-grade aramid fibers, which currently poses an obstacle in waste recycling.

Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of Polyether Sulfone-Toughened Epoxy Resin for Carbon Fiber Composites

Polyether sulfone (PES), which is a thermoplastic polymer, was added as a toughening agent to a bisphenol-A type epoxy resin to form a matrix of carbon-fiber-reinforced composites (CFRPs). For benchmarking, carboxyl-terminated butadiene acrylonitrile (CTBN), which is a rubber-based toughening agent, was added to the epoxy resin. The mechanical and thermal properties of the PES- and CTBN-toughened epoxy resins were compared. Dicyandiamide (DICY) was used as the hardening agent, whereas 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) was used as the hardening accelerator. In addition, 4,4′-diamino diphenyl sulfone (DDS) was added to improve the dispersibility of PES in the epoxy resin. The CTBN-toughened epoxy resin exhibited improved impact strength and fracture toughness, but decreased tensile strength, tensile modulus, and glass transition temperature (Tg). The fracture toughness and Tg values of the PES-toughened epoxy resins increased with increasing amount of added PES. However, the tensile moduli and Tg values of the epoxy decreased upon addition of CTBN. The tensile and impact strengths of the specimen toughened with 10 phr PES increased by 14 % and 106 %, respectively, compared to those of the PES un-toughened epoxy resin. The ductility factor of the resin improved with increasing PES content. CTBN formed microvoids and CTBN particles within the epoxy matrix, which improved the fracture toughness of the resin, but deteriorated its tensile properties by stress concentration. In contrast, PES improved the properties of the epoxy resin. This was attributed to PES being well dispersed within the epoxy matrix, thereby absorbing the energy required for crack propagation. Hence, owing to their excellent mechanical properties, the PES-toughened epoxy resins were determined suitable for use as matrices for CFRPs.

Remarkable enhancement of thermal stability of epoxy resin through the incorporation of mesoporous silica micro-filler

For the first time, we incorporated mesoporous micro-silica (5 μm, pore size = 50 nm) as a filler in epoxy resin aiming to enter polymer into the pore of the silica. As expected, the thermal stability of the composite increased remarkably, followed by noteworthy thermal degradation kinetics when compared to the controlled cured epoxy resin. Composites were prepared by the direct dispersion of modified nano-silica, modified mesoporous micro-silica, unmodified mesoporous micro-silica, non-porous micro-silica, and irregular micro-silica of various pore sizes as fillers in diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A epoxy resin via ultra-sonication and shear mixing, followed by oven-curing with 4,4-diaminodiphenyl sulfone. DSC and TGA analyses demonstrated a higher glass transition temperature (increased by 3.65–5.75 °C) and very high activation energy for thermal degradation (average increase = 46.2%) was obtained for the same unmodified silica composite compared to pure epoxy, respectively.

Reinforcement of Epoxy Resin by Additives of Amine-Functionalized Graphene Nanosheets

In this study, graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were modified with an amine functional group to obtain amine-functionalized graphene (AMG) nanosheets and then blended with the aniline curing agent of bisphenol-A (BPA) epoxy resin to crosslink BPA epoxy resin. The AMG-blended curing agent and BPA epoxy resin formed an intermolecular hydrogen bond that was stronger than the π–π stacking force between benzene rings of graphene nanosheets. Therefore, AMG nanosheets exhibited excellent dispersion in the aniline curing agent. The amine group of AMG-blended curing agents and the epoxy functional group of BPA epoxy resin exhibited strong chemical activity and underwent crosslinking and polymerization. AMG nanosheets were mixed with BPA epoxy resin to form a crosslinked structure through the epoxy ring-opening polymerization of the resin. The mechanical properties of the epoxy resin nanocomposites were significantly improved by the added 1 wt.% AMG nanosheets. The tensile strength was enhanced by 98.1% by adding 1 wt.% AMG in epoxy. Furthermore, the impact resistance of the epoxy resin was enhanced by 124.4% after adding 2.67 wt.% of AMG nanosheets. Compared with other reinforced fillers, AMG nanosheets are very light and can therefore be used as nanocomposite materials in coating applications, the automotive industry, aerospace sheet materials, wind power generation, and other fields.

Influence of temperature on accessible pyrolysis pathways of homopolymerized bisphenol A/F epoxies and copolymers

Understanding the thermal pyrolysis of epoxies and their copolymers is important for identifying structural changes resultant from thermal transients, enabling identification of failure modes of high-performance composite materials. This work expands our understanding of the thermal pyrolysis of cured epoxies and the role of temperature and composition on products, pathways, and relative rates. Numerous researchers have explored the pyrolysis of bisphenol A (BPA) epoxy. Significantly fewer have studied bisphenol F (BPF), and copolymers of BPA and BPF have been neglected. In this work, a pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometer (PY-GC-MS) was used to investigate the degradation mechanism of homopolymerized BPA, BPF epoxies and their copolymers. For polymer identification, pyrolysis >450 °C resulted in the most extensive fragmentation and is useful for material identification, though lower temperatures show different degradation product profiles that provide mechanistic insight into thermal degradation pathways. Temperature greatly influences the accessible pyrolysis pathways of BPA, revealing dual mechanisms of formation for products p-isopropylphenol and p-isopropenylphenol. For BPF at low pyrolysis temperature the p,p-bisphenol F isomer is produced at significantly lower relative abundance compared to the abundance at higher temperatures tested, but production of the other two isomers changes little with respect to temperature. This suggests the epoxy components consisting of the p,p-bisphenol F isomer have higher thermal stability. Overall, the copolymer epoxies were found to have similar degradation products in stoichiometric distributions. The major exception was the formation of the p,p-bisphenol F isomer, which shows evidence of thermal stabilizing effects from addition of BPA epoxy.

Aging Effects of Aqueous Environment on Mechanical Properties of Calcium Carbonate-Modified Epoxy Resin.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of different aqueous environments (i.e., demineralised, distilled and spring water) on the mechanical properties of a cold-cured bisphenolic epoxy resin modified with the addition of calcium carbonate filler, typically employed as structural adhesive. The parameters selected for the analysis have been; the kind of curing agent employed to cure the epoxy resin at ambient temperature (i.e., Mannich base and triethylenetetramine); the load of calcium carbonate added to liquid epoxy (i.e., from 1 to 3 g per 100 g of resin) and; the duration of the exposure to the different aging conditions (i.e., from 1 to 10 months). Cylindrical specimens of calcium carbonate-modified epoxy systems were tested in compression mode, before and after each of the aging regimes. The effect of the selected curing agents is very small, and they are both suitable for a cure at ambient temperature, on the unfilled epoxy on compressive maximum strength and strain at break; the choice of the hardener affects instead the compressive modulus. The CaCO3 amount was demonstrated to have a significant effect on the mechanical characteristics of un-aged epoxy systems, leading to growth in compressive modulus and maximum strength with reductions in strain at break. Generally speaking, the aging time noticeably affects the compressive properties of calcium carbonate-modified epoxies while almost negligible is the kind of water employed in each exposure regime. Notwithstanding the adverse effects of an aqueous environment on compressive mechanical properties of CaCO3-filled epoxies, these systems keep compressive modulus and maximum strength greater than, and close to, respectively, the same characteristics measured on unaged unfilled control epoxies, demonstrating the positive effect of the addition of this kind of filler to epoxy-based structural adhesives, especially with the addition of 2 and 3 g of CaCO3 per 100 g resin. The results obtained in this study demonstrated that it is possible to contrast the detrimental effects observed in cold-cured epoxy-based structural adhesives due to their aging in water upon the addition of limited amounts (particularly at 2 and 3 g per 100 g resin) of a cheap CaCO3 filler.

Understanding the Solid–Ice Interface Mechanism on the Hydrophobic Nano-Pillar Structure Epoxy Surface for Reducing Ice Adhesion

Ice accumulation on wind turbine blades reduces power generation efficiency and increases wind turbines’ maintenance cost, even causing equipment damage and casualties. In this work, in order to achieve passive anti-icing, a series of nano-pillar array structures with different diameters of from 100 to 400 nm and heights of from 400 to 1500 nm were constructed on the substrate bisphenol-A epoxy resin, which is generally used in the manufacturing of wind turbine blades. The as-constructed functional surface showed excellent water repellence, with a contact angle of up to 154.3°. The water repellence on the nano-pillar array structures could induce ultra-low ice adhesion as low as 7.0 kPa, finding their place in the widely recognized scope of icephobic materials. The underlying solid–ice interface mechanism was well revealed in regard to two aspects: the interface non-wetting regime and the stress concentration behavior on the nano-pillar array structured surface. A detailed discussion on both the factors presented here will help surface structure design and function of icephobic materials, especially for epoxy-based composite materials.

Transient conduction for thermal diffusivity simulation of a graphene/polymer and its full-field validation with image reconstruction

A 3D finite element model is presented to simulate the thermal transport properties of a polymer composite made of GradeM25 graphene nanoplatelets (GnP) in a low-viscosity bisphenol-A epoxy resin. This is a multi-scale approach that consists of a unit cell, a representative volume element (RVE) and a macroscopic specimen model. There is a hierarchy of structural scales, where the response at one size level is described by one (or more) parameters and passed to the next level up. At the unit cell level, the material nano-characteristics are used to calculate the local thermal response, while the material architecture is captured by the RVE. A statistical sample is studied and the average thermal response is compared to the macroscopic experimental data. Afterwards, the experimental reinforcement distribution is applied to the macro specimen model. The thermal diffusivity mapping was obtained numerically and compared to the flash method measurements following the CEN/CWA 16799 standard, through the decomposition and reconstruction of the fields with orthogonal Zernike polynomials and their comparison on a linear correlation plot. Finally, the simulation of the transient thermal response was successfully validated under both generic and full-field comparison. This research work is, therefore, proposing a validated simulation tool to estimate the thermal response of polymer nanocomposites, while being engineer-friendly to promote advanced material design that eliminates the trial and error approach.

DOPO‐based curing flame retardant of epoxy composite material for char formation and intumescent flame retardance

AbstractPhosphorus‐containing flame retardant (HBAEA‐DOPO) for epoxy resin was synthesized by addition reaction of 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO) with bis[2‐(4‐hydroxybenzylideneamino)ethyl]amine (HBAEA) that was synthesized via 4‐hydroxybenzaldehyde with diethylenetriamine. HBAEA‐DOPO was mixed with 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl sulfone to co‐cure the epoxy resin of diglycidyl ether bisphenol A. The silane modified nano‐silica (nano‐SiO2) was used to reinforce the epoxy resin. Thermal stability and dynamic mechanical properties of the cured epoxy materials were studied with the use of thermogravimetric analysis and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. Flame retardance and burning behavior were evaluated by the limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test, and the cone calorimetry. The cured epoxy materials have excellent thermal stability, and the temperatures at the maximum weight loss rate are over 384.0°C. The characteristic temperature corresponding to 5.00 wt% of thermal decomposition reaches 341.5°C as 1.00 wt% of phosphorus content is loaded. Flame retardant grade meets the V‐0 level. The fire residue mass gradually increases with HBAEA‐DOPO and nano‐SiO2. The characteristics of high flame retardance and smoke suppression of HBAEA‐DOPO and nano‐SiO2 on the cured epoxy composites have been demonstrated to be related to char formation and intumescent flame retardance in the condensed phase.

A recyclable vanillin-based epoxy resin with high-performance that can compete with DGEBA

In this paper, a high-performance epoxy resin was synthesized from vanillin, and the polyimine-epoxy cross-linked network was prepared via in-situ formation of the Schiff base structure. The chemical structures, thermal and mechanical properties of vanillin-based epoxy resin (DADE) and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A epoxy resin (DGEBA) were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (1H NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DMA). The results indicated that the DADE showed better thermal and mechanical properties than DGEBA after cured by the same primary amine (D230). The prepared DADE-D230 showed higher Tg (106℃), tensile strength (57.4 MPa) and elongation at break (3.1%) than DGEBA-D230 (98℃, 45.1 MPa, and 2.4%, respectively). Moreover, it can be recycled at a hot pressing, and the reprocessed samples showed a comparable performance with DGEBA.

Understanding fracture behavior of epoxy-based polymer using molecular dynamics simulation

With a network structure formed by cross-linking process, epoxy resins possess excellent mechanical properties. Among them, SU-8 photoresist (bisphenol-A epoxy resin) is widely used as coatings in microelectronic applications. This paper reports molecular dynamics simulations of the cross-linking process of SU-8 photoresist with detailed scripts and illustrates fracture behaviors of cross-linked network with in situ visualizations of atomistic details. The epoxy molecular models with the cross-linking degree of 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% are constructed, which possess density, glass transition temperature, and mechanical properties in a good agreement with existing experimental studies on SU-8. For the models with cross-linking degree of 60% and 80%, uncoiling phenomena observed during large-strain tensile deformations are proved to be associated with significant drops of stress and the dissipation of local concentrated energy developed within the stretched structure, which indicates that the coiling of molecular chains is a critical structure for strength of epoxy molecules. The findings from this paper enrich our understandings of molecular details of SU-8 photoresist upon fracture and contribute as a useful reference to atomistic modeling database of cross-linked polymers.

Mechanical Properties Assessment of Low-Content Capsule-Based Self-Healing Structural Composites

Microcapsule-based carbon fiber reinforced composites were manufactured by wet layup, in order to assess their mechanical properties and determine their healing efficiency. Microcapsules at 10%wt. containing bisphenol-A epoxy, encapsulated in a urea formaldehyde (UF) shell, were employed with Scandium (III) Triflate (Sc (OTf)3) as the catalyst. The investigation was deployed with two main directions. The first monitored changes to the mechanical performance due to the presence of the healing agent within the composite. More precisely, a minor decrease in interlaminar fracture toughness (GIIC) (−14%), flexural strength (−12%) and modulus (−4%) compared to the reference material was reported. The second direction evaluated the healing efficiency. The experimental results showed significant recovery in fracture toughness up to 84% after the healing process, while flexural strength and modulus healing rates reached up to 14% and 23%, respectively. The Acoustic Emission technique was used to support the experimental results by the onsite monitoring.

Visible light-induced cationic photopolymerization by diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate and benzothiadiazole dyes

New benzothiadiazole-based long-wavelength organic dyes (Y-1 and Y-2) were prepared for effectively sensitizing diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate (IOPF) to initiate the fast curing of bisphenol-A epoxy resin (E51) under visible light, avoiding traditional UV light sources that have high energy and high radiation. Y-1 and Y-2 have absorption spectra extended to more than 550 nm. By using Y-1 and Y-2 as photosensitizers for IOPF, E51 reach high epoxy conversions of 95% under light wavelength of 470-nm irradiation. IOPF and benzothiadiazole dyes present at the same time show good visible-light initiating activity. The high curing conversions are attributed to the photoelectron transfer reaction between diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate and benzothiadiazole dyes, based on our photochemical and electrochemical experiments. In addition, the terminated groups or of Y-1 (–F) and Y-2 (–OCH3) have a great influence on the photopolymerization rate of the curing systems and thermal properties of E51 after cured. In addition, E51 was even polymerized about 70% in the presence of 510-nm light filter.

Antifouling and anticorrosion performance of the composite coating made of tetrabromobisphenol-A epoxy and polyaniline nanowires

Tetrabromobisphenol-A epoxy (TBEP), based on its hydrophobicity and antibacterial activity, is suitable to prepare top coating. Meanwhile, bisphenol-A epoxy (EP), based on its strong adhesion strength with metals, is a commonly material to prepare primer coating. Polyaniline (PANI) nanowires, which can facilitate the formation of passivation layer, is usually used as additive to reinforce the corrosion resistance of coatings. Herein, the composite coating composed of EP primer coating with 2 wt% PANI nanowires and TBEP top coating with 2 wt% PANI nanowires was assembled and characterized. Because the hydrophobic and antibiotic bromine atoms existed in TBEP, the composite coating exhibited low water absorption (0.32 wt%) and high antibacterial rate (over 93.17 %) compared with pure EP coating. Moreover, the composite coating had good adhesion with metals (dry: 5.65 MPa, wet: 4.07 MPa) and excellent anticorrosion properties (|Z|0.01 Hz ＞ 1011 ohms·cm2 after 70 days immersion) in comparison to the composite coating without PANI nanowires, since the PANI nanowires provide multifunctional behaviors such as passivation, barrier, etc. This work might give a new perspective to prepare efficient antifouling and anticorrosion coating via reasonably combine the advantages of different functional materials.

Effect of 4-Aminobutyltriethoxysilane Modified Al2O3 Nanoparticles on the Dielectric Properties of Epoxy Nanocomposites for High Voltage Applications

The diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) epoxy resin (GY260) is commonly used in this work. Silane (4-Aminobutyltriethoxysilane (ABTES)) acted as a coupling agent and attached easily with nanoparticles surface. Triethylenetetramine (TEPA), also denoted as Tetrene, was used as a curing agent. The ABTES-Al2O3 loaded epoxy nanocomposites were synthesized followed by their dielectric permittivity and tan delta value in a frequency range of 50 to 5 × 106 Hz were studied. At 30 °C, 60 °C and 120 °C temperatures, epoxy resin nanocomposites show excellent results. The dielectric constant, dielectric loss and AC conductivity variation make ABTES-Al2O3 loaded epoxy nanocomposites suitable for high-performance electrical and thermal applications. The dielectric investigations of ABTES-Al2O3 displayed extraordinary varieties with expanding recurrence and as for their stage. There is extensive enthusiasm for utilizing these new materials in capacitor applications.

Synthesis and plasma surface functionalization of carbon nanotubes for using in advanced epoxy-based nanocomposites

In this study, thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method was utilized to fabricate carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using an Fe/Al catalyst. Plasma enhanced CVD (PECVD) was applied to coat CNTs surfaces with a hydrophobic poly(hexafluorobutyl acrylate) (PHFBA) thin film. Then pure CNT and surface-modified CNT (f-CNT) were used as nanofillers at 0.5–3 wt% in bisphenol-A (DGEBA) and phenolic novolac types epoxy (EPN) resins to produce composite materials with superior properties. For characterization of both types of CNTs, FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM and TGA analyses were performed. The morphologies of composites were examined via XRD and SEM. Thermal properties of composites were revealed by TGA. The influences of CNT surface functionalization and matrix type on the thermal, mechanical, electrical conductivity and surface wettability properties of composites were investigated. EPN based composites exhibited higher mechanical properties than that DGEBA based ones. At 1.5 wt% f-CNTs, the Young's modulus and tensile strength of the nanocomposites were found 6.9 ± 0.50 GPa and 141.0 ± 7.8 MPa, respectively using DGEBA matrix; 8.7 ± 0.59 GPa and 153.4 ± 7.9 MPa respectively, using EPN matrix. Composites electrical conductivity increased with increasing both type CNTs amount and reached a maximum value of 10−4 S/m and 10−6 S/m at 3 wt% of neat and f-CNTs contents.

Flexible and high ion conducting solid polymer electrolytes prepared via ring-opening polymerization

The chemical cross-linking of epoxy resin has been known as an imperative way to improve the mechanical strength and thermal stability of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs). Herein, we prepare flexible epoxy-based SPEs with high ion conductivity for electrochemical devices via ring-opening polymerization. A diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) epoxy resin was selected as the mechanical supporting SPE matrix. The high flexibility of SPEs can be obtained by adding poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDE) plasticizer to the epoxy resin. Furthermore, the incorporation of electrolyte mixture of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) salts and 1-butyl-3 methylimidazolium bis(trifluorosulfonyl)imide (BMIM-TFSI) ionic liquids allows for boosting ionic conductivity of the epoxy-based SPEs. Consequently, the high room temperature ionic conductivity ∼2.4 × 10−3 S/cm was achieved in the SPE containing 30 wt% of the epoxy and 70 wt% of the electrolyte mixture.