Bismuth Oxide Research Articles

Correction to “Mixed Silver–Bismuth Oxides: A Robust Oxygen Evolution Catalyst Operating at Low pH and Elevated Temperatures”

Correction to “Mixed Silver–Bismuth Oxides: A Robust Oxygen Evolution Catalyst Operating at Low pH and Elevated Temperatures”

Calcium aluminate cement: a study on the effect of additives for dental applications

Recent dental material advancements have sparked increased interest in dental cements due to their natural tooth-like appearance, biocompatibility, and stability. These cements hold potential in dental fillings, enamel and root protection, and connecting dental implants. However, no single cement fulfills all application needs, necessitating multiple types. Ideal dental cements require resistance to degradation, strong bonding, high strength, fracture toughness, and optical transparency for imaging. In this study, the effect of the addition of ZrO2, Bi2O3, and ZnO on the mechanical was the solid-state method was used for the synthesis of calcium aluminate (C3A) cement powder, and additives of zirconia, bismuth oxide and zinc oxide were added at magnitudes of 10 wt.% and 20 wt.%. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), setting time, compressive strength (CS), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) microscopy, and radiopacity evaluation (RE) were performed for characterization and properties evaluations. With the formation of a new phase, C3ZA2, the compressive strength increased by up to 275% by reducing porosity and stabilizing phase transitions during hydration. The evidence showed that the amount of bismuth oxide and zirconia additive have high optical (7 and 3.5 mmA) and biological properties and a significant impact on strength in dental applications.

Development of Gold Nanoparticles Coated with Bismuth Oxide for X-ray Computed Tomography Imaging

Development of Gold Nanoparticles Coated with Bismuth Oxide for X-ray Computed Tomography Imaging

Recycling of borosilicate waste glasses through doping with bismuth (III) oxide (Bi₂O₃): Enhancing the structure and radiation shielding properties

Recycling of borosilicate waste glasses through doping with bismuth (III) oxide (Bi₂O₃): Enhancing the structure and radiation shielding properties

Impact of adding bismuth oxide nanoparticles functionalized with graphene oxide nanosheet on the polyvinyl chloride shielding properties

This study investigates the enhancement of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) by incorporating Bi2O3-GO nanocomposites. We produced nanocomposites with varying concentrations (1, 2.5, 5, and 10 wt%). The prepared samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were also used. As well as the shielding effectiveness against ultraviolet rays and gamma radiation from 137Cs and ⁶⁰Co sources at energies of 662, 1173, and 1275 keV. Results indicate that the addition of Bi2O3-GO significantly improves the thermal stability of PVC, as evidenced by higher decomposition temperatures from TGA. The absorption coefficient increases, while energy gap values decrease with increased nanofiller weight concentrations. The linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) also rises with increasing nanofiller content and decreases with higher gamma-ray energies. Results were consistent with Phy-X software simulations. The sample with 10% wt of Bi2O3-GO composite demonstrated a highly fast neutron removal cross section (FNRC) and reduced mean free path (MFP). This indicates strong potential for use as a safe, environmentally friendly alternative to lead-based shielding materials. These PVC/Bi2O3-GO nanocomposites could be effectively utilized in radiation barriers and protective screens in settings involving neutron and low-energy gamma radiation, such as in radiography and radioactive material management.

Development of textile-based gamma-radiation shields using red mud and bismuth oxide

Development of textile-based gamma-radiation shields using red mud and bismuth oxide

Dual (oxy)hydroxide cocatalyst synergistically boosts solar water splitting of BiVO4 photoanode.

Bismuth oxide (BiVO4) is considered one of the most promising semiconductors for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting due to its highly theoretical photocurrent of 7.5 mA cm-2. However, its sluggish kinetics and severe photocorrosion still hinder the real application of a large-area BiVO4 photoanode. Herein, a room-temperature immersion method has been used to fabricate a dual cocatalyst-coated BiVO4 film, namely the BiVO4/FeOOH/Co(OH)2 photoanode. This composite photoanode delivers a photocurrent density of 2.56 mA cm-2, which is 2.7 times that of pure BiVO4. After a long-term testing of 10 h, its retention rate of photocurrent reaches 71.63%, which is 4.6 times that of BiVO4. The kinetic studies illustrate that dual cocatalyst can significantly lower the charge transfer resistance, improve the charge injection efficiency, and reduce the Tafel slope. Specifically, FeOOH plays a role in transporting photogenerated holes, while Co(OH)2 facilitates water oxidation reactions. In addition, the dual cocatalyst coating can slow down vanadium ion dissolution and improve PEC stability. This immersion method can easily be applied to large-area photoelectrodes.

Structure stability of confined bismuth sesquioxide phases – low-temperature experimental and computational studies

Several bismuth sesquioxide (Bi2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$_{2}$$\\end{document}O3\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$_{3}$$\\end{document}) phases (namely β\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\upbeta$$\\end{document}, γ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\upgamma$$\\end{document} and δ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\updelta$$\\end{document}-like) were previously stabilized at room temperature by nanocrystallization of bismuthate glasses. Normally, a monoclinic α\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\upalpha$$\\end{document} phase is the stable one at ambient conditions in polycrystalline materials. In this work, we wanted to observe if any phase transitions would occur below the room temperature for β\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\upbeta$$\\end{document}, γ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\upgamma$$\\end{document} and δ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\updelta$$\\end{document}-like phases confined in a residual glassy matrix. Observations were made down to 100 K using X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Both experimental techniques showed no traces of phase transition upon cooling to the temperature limit of our equipment. From XRD studies, the lattice parameter of the δ-like phase was determined. The values were compared to the values calculated by molecular dynamics studies of overcooled δ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\updelta$$\\end{document}-Bi2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$_{2}$$\\end{document}O3\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$_{3}$$\\end{document} phase.

Effect of bismuth oxide on radiation shielding and interaction characteristics of polyvinyl alcohol-based polymer: Potential use in medical apron design

This study evaluated radiation shielding and interaction characteristics of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer separately doped with 10% and 20% Bi2O3 respectively for medical apron design and shielding special electronic installations. Prepared samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The EDS results showed that Carbon (C), Oxygen (O), and bismuth (Bi) elements were the predominant elements present in the prepared samples. The SEM result displaced surface irregularities due to a special bonding matrix between PVA and Bi2O3. Mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), effective atomic number (Zeff), Half value layer (HVL), Mean free path (MFP), Fast neutron removal cross-section (R), Total Mass Stopping Power (TSP), and photon Range (R) of the prepared polymer composites (PV-1Bi and PV-2Bi) were evaluated with XCOM and PHITS computer programs. Results showed that the MAC of the prepared polymer samples was significantly higher than some recently developed composites at 0.662 MeV and 1.25 MeV gamma energy. Therefore, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer doped with Bi2O3 should be deployed in medical apron design and shielding special electronic installations where flexibility and high adhesion abilities are crucial.

Dual storage mechanism of Bi2O3/Co3O4/MWCNT composite as an anode for lithium-ion battery and lithium-ion capacitor

Bismuth oxide(Bi2O3) and cobalt oxide(Co3O4) are promising owing to their unique properties, high storage capacity, low cost, and eco-friendliness, making them ideal for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) and lithium-ion capacitors(LICs) anodes. This study presents the synthesis and thorough characterization of Bi2O3/Co3O4 and Bi2O3/Co3O4/MWCNT composites as potential LIB and LIC anode materials. The materials are synthesized using a hydrothermal process succeeded by annealing. Structural, morphological, and compositional studies were analyzed. Various tests evaluated electrochemical performance, including cyclic voltammetry(CV), confirming a dual storage mechanism like alloying and conversion reaction involved for better energy storage. Specific discharge capacities of 834 mAh/g and 1184 mAh/g were recorded for Bi2O3/Co3O4 and Bi2O3/Co3O4/MWCNT composite electrodes at a current density of 100 mA/g, respectively. The composite material exhibited notably enhanced rate capability, with 31 % and 51 % discharge capacities for Bi2O3/Co3O4 and Bi2O3/Co3O4/MWCNT, respectively. The cyclic stability assessment revealed that Bi2O3/Co3O4 and Bi2O3/Co3O4/MWCNT maintained a high coulombic efficiency of around 99 % over 250 charge–discharge cycles at a high current density of 1 A/g. The capacity retention was approximately 253 mAh/g for Bi2O3/Co3O4 and 439 mAh/g for the Bi2O3/Co3O4/MWCNT composite, indicating excellent cyclic stability and minimal energy loss during cycling. Moreover, the LICs assembly of Bi2O3/Co3O4/MWCNT//CB was investigated, revealing a power density of 200 W kg−1 alongside an energy density of 8.64 Wh kg−1. The cyclic stability assessment over 10,000 cycles exhibits a capacity retention of approximately 45 % under a high current density of 2 A/g.

Synergistic Effects of Bismuth Oxide on the Radiation Attenuation Characteristics of Borosilicate Glasses

This work explores Bi2O3-doped borosilicate glasses’ synthesis and radiation shielding characterization, and their applicability as radiation shields. The glasses are prepared via melt quenching in the composition series of 60B2O3-(22-x) SiO2−10CaO-(8+x)Bi2O3 (where x = 4,8,12 and 16 mol%). The produced glasses’ radiation shielding properties, such as the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), the transmission factor (TF), and the effective atomic number (Zeff), were examined, and the effect of Bi2O3 on the samples’ radiation shielding performance was explored. The glass sample with 24 mol% Bi2O3 exhibited notable efficiency in shielding against gamma radiation. This is evidenced by the favourable change in the MAC, TF, and Zeff with increasing Bi2O3 content. We examined the relation between the glass thickness and the TF, with the results revealing that the 0.6 cm thickness glass possesses the highest TF compared to a thickness of 1.2 cm, indicating that at the thickness of 1.2 cm, the glass material attenuates better compared to 0.6 cm. The relation between the glasses’ density and their half value layer was also examined.

Bismuth oxide nanoparticles inhibit HCT116 colorectal cancer cells by inducing apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and ROS production

Bismuth oxide nanoparticles inhibit HCT116 colorectal cancer cells by inducing apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and ROS production

Application of novel Dy0.06Gd0.02Er0.02Bi1.9O3 oxide ion electrolyte for intermediate-temperature reversible solid oxide cells

Bismuth-based oxides are promising electrolyte materials for Reversible Solid Oxide Cells (RSOCs) due to their high ion conductivity and rapid surface oxygen exchange kinetics. In this work we propose a multi-element doping strategy to obtain a novel Dy0.06Gd0.02Er0.02Bi1.9O3 (DGESB) quaternary oxide bismuth material whose ionic conductivities and crystal structure are characterized by AC impedance and X-ray diffraction technique in the temperature range from 600 to 700 °C. Along with promising structure stability and durability, our novel DGESB showed a remarkable ionic conductivity that is 65 times higher than the commercial yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte at 700 °C. With composite electrode of DGESB + LCN (LaCo0.6Ni0.4O3) and DGESB/YSZ bilayer electrolyte consisting of RSOC symmetric cell, which achieves a high peak power density (PPD) of 1.62 W/cm2 in fuel cell mode which is 2.7 times higher than that of YSZ single-layer electrolyte, while the electrolysis current density is as high as 1.66 A/cm2 at 1.3 V under H2/H2O:50/50 in electrolysis mode at the same operation temperature of 700 °C. The electrochemical performance measurements revealed a certain stable operation for 200 h in fuel cell mode. The performance degradation can be attributed to the microstructure evolution at the interface between electrolyte and electrodes. The high ionic conductive DGESB proves to be an excellent intermediate electrolyte layer for improving cell performance in RSOCs

A laboratory nondestructive instrument for joint X-ray diffraction and fluorescence measurements of material in a vial

This paper presents an innovative laboratory instrument equipped with high-energy tungsten target X-ray source and a cadmium telluride (CdTe) detector, designed to perform simultaneous X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyses of materials in vials. By using the instrument we successfully captured fluorescence signals from cerium (Ce), erbium (Er), tungsten (W), and bismuth (Bi) in samples housed in vials made of 6061 aluminum (1 mm thick), 304 stainless steel (0.5 mm thick), and brass (0.5 mm thick). In addition, XRD signals from cerium oxide (CeO2) and bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) powders were captured in glass (0.5 mm thick) and 6061 aluminum (1 mm thick) vials. The experiment results reveal that the fluorescence signal also appears in the XRD patterns. The fluorescence analysis enriches the diffraction analysis by offering complementary insights that enhance the information of the overall material characterization. This instrument greatly improves inspection efficiency and enriches inspection information by performing diffraction and fluorescence measurements simultaneously.

Effect of Bismuth Oxide on the Structure, Electrical Resistance and Magnetization of Lithium Zinc Ferrite

The structural, electrical, and magnetic properties of lithium zinc ferrite prepared by ceramic technology have been studied. The composition of lithium zinc ferrite is Li0.4Fe2.4Zn0.2O4 with 1 and 2 wt % bismuth oxide. The addition of Bi2O3 prior to sintering of the samples has been shown to affect the structural, electrical, and magnetic properties of the ferrite. A significant increase in density from 4.47 to 4.65 g/cm3 and a decrease in porosity from 4.8 to 2.3% have been observed when the concentration of bismuth oxide has been increased to 2 wt %. The Bi2O3-containing samples have higher specific electrical resistivity compared to that of the additive-free lithium zinc ferrite. The introduction of bismuth oxide has reduced the specific saturation magnetization from 70.55 to 54.76 G cm3/g. The Curie temperature has not changed significantly. An optimal combination of macroscopic properties of ferrite has been found at 1 wt % Bi2O3 concentration.

Highly oriented as-grown beta-phase bismuth oxide for optical MEMS

Reactive sputtering of bismuth has been used to form highly oriented beta-phase Bi2O3 thin films at 120 °C. Notably, the films consist of nearly vertical ~ 50 nm diameter nano-filaments of highly aligned β phase pure bismuth oxide. The optical characteristics of the films include a direct optical bandgap of 3.95 eV at 300 K and nearly negligible optical absorption in the wavelength range from 500 to 3000 nm. Nanoindentation experiments show that the mechanical characteristics of the films include reduced modulus and hardness values of 90 and 4.5 GPa, respectively. As fabricated, the films exhibit tensile stress which in combination with a relatively high refractive index value in the range of 2.4–2.5 makes the realized Bi2O3 films structurally and optically suitable for fabrication of optical microelectromechanical (MEMS) devices with applications in the visible to mid-infrared wavelength region, such as MEMS-based Fabry–Pérot microspectrometers, which is demonstrated through simulations.Graphical

Photocatalytic hydrogen production and sulfamerazine degradation via a novel dual S-scheme photocatalyst: Nanocomposite synthesis, characterization and mechanism insights

Creating highly effective photocatalysts is crucial for harnessing solar energy to degrade pollutants and produce hydrogen (H₂). In this study, we successfully synthesized a novel dual S-scheme iron oxide (Fe₂O₃)/bismuth oxide (Bi₂O₃)/titanium dioxide (TiO₂) ternary photocatalyst using a straightforward method. This photocatalyst was employed for efficient photocatalytic water splitting and the degradation of the antibiotic sulfamerazine (SMZ) under visible light. Various characterization and photoelectrochemical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis (BET), photocurrent measurements, Mott-Schottky analysis, photoluminescence (PL), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and electron spin resonance (ESR), were utilized to analyze the synthesized materials. Among the synthesized nanocomposites, the 15 wt% Fe₂O₃/Bi₂O₃/TiO₂ (15FeBi/TiO₂) composite demonstrated exceptional photocatalytic efficiency, achieving 98 % SMZ degradation and a hydrogen production rate of 590.36 μmol/g·h. Experimental results, including scavenging tests and ESR findings, highlighted the crucial role of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and superoxide radicals (•O₂−) in the photocatalytic process. Moreover, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) results proposed three degradation pathways, and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis showed that the toxicity of intermediates was effectively reduced. The 15FeBi/TiO₂ photocatalyst also exhibited excellent reusability, retaining about 85 % of its initial activity after five cycles, and proved effective against various pollutants and in real water matrices. This research contributes to the design and development of high-activity heterojunction photocatalysts for superior clean energy generation and pollutant degradation under visible light.

Next-Generation Self-Powered Photodetectors using 2D Bismuth Oxide Selenide Crystals.

The concept of self-powered photodetectors has attracted significant attention due to their versatile applications in areas such as intelligent systems and hazardous substance detection. Among these, p-n junction and Schottky junction photodetectors are the most widely studied types; however, their fabrication processes are often complex and costly. To overcome these challenges, we focused on the emerging self-powered, ultrasensitive photodetector platform based on photoelectrochemical (PEC) principles. This platform leverages the unique properties of the emerging material bismuth oxide selenide (Bi2O2Se), which features a wide bandgap (∼2 eV) and a high absorption coefficient. We utilized chemical exfoliation to obtain thin layers of Bi2O2Se, enabling highly efficient photodetection. The device characterization demonstrated impressive performance metrics, including a responsivity of 97.1 μA W-1 and a specific detectivity of 2 × 108 cm Hz 1/2 W-1. The PEC photodetector also exhibits broad-spectrum sensitivity, from blue to infrared wavelengths, and features an ultrafast response time of ∼82 ms and a recovery time of ∼86 ms, highlighting its practical potential. Moreover, these self-powered photodetectors show excellent stability in electrochemical environments, positioning them promising candidates for integration into future high-efficiency devices.

Unveiling the Synthesis of a Zirconium-Substituted Copper Bismuth Oxide Catalyst for Visible Light-Responsive Photocatalytic Degradation of Persistent Organic Dye

Unveiling the Synthesis of a Zirconium-Substituted Copper Bismuth Oxide Catalyst for Visible Light-Responsive Photocatalytic Degradation of Persistent Organic Dye

High transparent glass of germanate-borate-tellurite modified by different concentration of bismuth oxide for optical and radiation shielding applications

The current investigation studied one of the high-density heavy metal oxides (Bi2O3) having density = 8.9 g/cm³, which was utilized to improve structural and optical features of the B2O3–TeO2-GeO2-MgO glass system. Three high transparent glasses with a chemical formula of 35B2O3–20TeO2-10GeO2-35MgO-xBi2O3 (x = 5, 10, and 15 mol %) were fabricated by melting at 1100 °C for 20 min and annealing at 400 °C for 5 h. X-ray diffraction measurements for the Bi5 sample, containing 5 mol % Bi2O3, were obtained at the range of 10°–80° to inspect the structural characteristics of the made glasses. Optical absorption was employed and recorded for Bi5, Bi10, and Bi15 samples at wavelength range 300–1000 nm to examine the optical properties, including optical band gap. Using Makishima and Mackenzie methods, the mechanical features of the glass samples were assessed. Nuclear library ENDF/B-VI.8 is coupled to the MCNP-5 code and is used to study and simulate the prepared Bi glass sample shielding parameters. The ionizing absorption properties for the prepared Bi5, Bi10, and Bi15 samples were found to be changed because of many circumstances like the photon energy (Eγ, MeV), and chemical compositions (Bi2O3 content (mol. %). The increased layer thickness of glass between 25 and 200 mm enhances the RPE values at 0.6 MeV over the range of 16.31–50.93 % (Bi5 glass sample), 18.68–56.26 % (Bi10 glass sample), and 20.80–60.66 % (Bi15 glass sample).