Bishnupur District Research Articles

English

BACKGROUND: Children are the most precious assets of a country and their health status is highly reliable index of nation’s health. Major causes of deaths in the age group 0-5 years are preventable. OBJECTIVE: To determine morbidity pattern among under-five children in the area and to assess its association with some selected variables METHODS: A crosssectional study was conducted among under-five children in the village from September to December 2007. A sample size of 390 (13*30) was selected and participants were examined after interviewing mother or care taker. Chi square test was applied for significance in the difference. RESULTS: Out of 390 under-five children 92.3% were sick in the last 3 months of visit. Occurrence of illness was minimum (77.9%) in age under one year as compared to other age categories (p= 0.0001). Majority of them (83.6%) were suffering from ARI with episode of 2.6/child in last 3 months. CONCLUSION: ARI is the commonest morbidity in the rural area of Manipur however the effect of flood on morbidity of under-five has to be studied further. INTRODUCTION: The health status of children is highly reliable index of nation’s health and is the most precious assets of a country and no country can afford to neglect the rights and health needs of a child. Of 2.2 billion children in the world, UNICEF estimates that 1.9 billion lived in developing world; one billion of it lived in poverty & deprived of at least one of seven amenities considered to be basic rights as shelter, water, sanitation, schooling, information, health care and food.(7) Major causes of deaths in the age group 0-5 years are preventable.(6) The seasonal patterns of morbidities in preschool children in Lucknow as annual incidence rate per 100 child year for respiratory, diarrhea, skin disease and pneumonia were 167, 79.9, 30.6 and 9.6.(1) The present study is conducted at Thanga Village, Bishnupur District, Manipur to see the morbidity pattern among under-five children in the area. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross sectional study was carried out during September to December 2007, among under-five children at Thanga Village – only island in Loktak Lake, the only fresh water lake in the North East India. Sample size was calculated based on 50% prevalence rate (3) as similar study considering the methodology and recall period of three months were lacking. The calculated sample size is 331 at 11% allowable error and at 5% significance level, however rounded to 390 as there are 13 leikais in the village. Sampling frame was obtained from AWW of each leikai (cluster) and selects 30 children randomly from each cluster. Verbal consent was sought before involvement.

Handloom Cluster Development Program: A Case Study

This case is about YVU, a social organization which has been engaged in various development activities operating in Manipur for the last four decades. Manipur is a state where people depend mainly on agriculture for livelihood. Besides agriculture, handloom and weaving are the major sectors which provide a livelihood to various people of the state. This case focuses on the handloom development programme inducted by YVU, an NGO in Manipur at Nambol, Bishnupur District, Manipur. This study focuses on strategic initiatives taken up by YVU with financial support from SIDBI to meet the various objectives set by the organization. It also tries to identify the roles played by the industry in the development of the socio-cultural as well and economic condition of the state.

Handloom Cluster Development Program: A Case Study

This case is about YVU, a social organization which has been engaged in various development activities operating in Manipur for the last four decades. Manipur is a state where people depend mainly on agriculture for livelihood. Besides agriculture, handloom and weaving are the major sectors which provide a livelihood to various people of the state. This case focuses on the handloom development programme inducted by YVU, an NGO in Manipur at Nambol, Bishnupur District, Manipur. This study focuses on strategic initiatives taken up by YVU with financial support from SIDBI to meet the various objectives set by the organization. It also tries to identify the roles played by the industry in the development of the socio-cultural as well and economic condition of the state.

Studies on nematode parasites of fishes of Oinam lake Bishnupur district, Manipur, India

An extensive survey was done for fish nematode parasites of few economically important fishes of Oinam Lake, Bishnupur district, Manipur. 9 species of nematodes were encountered. They are Camallanus anabantis, Procamallanus (Procamallanus) saccobranchi, Paraquimperia manipurensis, Paragendria sp., juvenile stages of genus Syphacia, Haplonema, Spinitectus, Philometra and Parascarophis etc. Of these nematode species, Procamallanus (Procamallanus) saccobranchi, Paragendria sp and Haplonema sp. showed maximum abundance (14.28%) and Paraquimperia manipurensis, Parascarophis sp. showed minimum abundance (4.76%) of parasites. Among the fish species Anabas testudineus had highest percentage (50%) of parasites and Puntius sophore and Colisa labiosus had lowest percentage (1.25%) of parasites.

A study of arsenic, iron and other dissolved ion variations in the groundwater of Bishnupur District, Manipur, India

The presence of arsenic (As) in groundwater and its effect on human health has become an issue of serious concern in recent years. The present study assessed the groundwater quality of the Bishnupur District, Manipur, with respect to drinking water standards. Higher concentrations of pH, iron and phosphate were observed at several locations. Phosphate and iron levels were highest in the pre-monsoon, followed by monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. The arsenic concentrations were highest during post-monsoon (1–200 μg L−1) as compared to pre-monsoon (1–108 μg L−1) and monsoon (2–99 μg L−1). Kwakta and Ngakhalawai show higher levels of arsenic concentration as compared to the prescribed World Health Organization (WHO) and Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) norms. Arsenic showed a strong positive correlation with phosphate and negative correlation with sulphate, suggesting a partial influence of anthropogenic sources. The study suggests that the Bishnupur area has an arsenic contamination problem, which is expected to increase in the near future.

An outbreak of scrub typhus in Bishnupur district of Manipur, India, 2007

Seasonal outbreaks of febrile illness with eschar have been occurring in Bishnupur district of Manipur since 2001. The aetiology of these outbreaks was unknown. We investigated a similar outbreak in 2007 in order to confirm the aetiology and identify its risk factors. We identified 38 patients who met the case definition (attack rate: 3.4/1000), including two deaths (case fatality ratio = 5.3%). Half of the female patients had eschar on the perineal area. The clinical picture and Weil-Felix positivity suggested that the outbreak was due to scrub typhus. The disease was more common among individuals who defecated or urinated in the jungle or bushy areas from a squatting position. We recommended educating the community about the common symptoms of the disease, encouraging them to seek early treatment from public health facilities and suggested that they be taught to avoid defecating/urinating from a squatting position in the jungle.