Bis Groups Research Articles

Comparison of recovery times by using bispectral index monitoring versus end-tidal agent concentration monitoring in patients undergoing inhalational general anaesthesia.

Background and Aims:End-tidal anaesthetic gas concentration (ETAG) and bispectral index (BIS) are both used to monitor depth of anaesthesia. Maintaining an accurate depth of anaesthesia helps in early post-operative recovery. This study compared the recovery times from sevoflurane–nitrous oxide anaesthesia using ETAG monitoring with BIS monitoring.Methods:Four hundred and two patients undergoing elective surgeries under sevoflurane- nitrous oxide anaesthesia were enroled in this double blinded parallel group prospective randomised trial and allocated into two groups. The depth of anaesthesia was monitored using BIS in BIS group (n = 202) and end-tidal sevoflurane concentration (EtSevo) in ETAG group (n = 200). The time to extubation and recovery were compared between the groups. Parametric, non-parametric and categorical variables were compared using Student’s ‘t’ test, Wilcoxon’s rank sum test and Chi-square test, respectively.Results:Time to extubation (min) [BIS group – 10, 5; ETAG group – 10, 5 (median, inter-quartile range, IQR), P = 0.32] and time to recovery (min) [BIS group – 14, 6; ETAG group – 13.5, 7 (median, IQR), P = 0.34] did not differ significantly between the two groups. The EtSevo concentration (vol%) was significantly higher in the BIS group at 5 min [BIS group – 1.2, 0.4; ETAG group – 1.0, 0.4 (median, IQR), P < 0.001], 30 min [BIS group – 1.1, 0.4; ETAG group – 1.0, 0.3 (median, IQR), P = 0.002] and 120 min [BIS group – 1.11 ± 0.28; ETAG group – 0.96 ± 0.27 (mean ± standard deviation), P = 0.014] after induction of anaesthesia.Conclusions:BIS and ETAG monitoring are associated with comparable recovery profiles. ETAG monitoring is associated with significantly less sevoflurane consumption.

Abstract No.: ABS0888: BIS (Bispectral Index) The current tool for monitoring of unintended awareness and depth of anaesthesia

Background & Aims:Awareness under general anaesthesia is an unpleasant phenomenon which often goes unnoticed and neglected. Numerous incidences of intraoperative awareness are not reported. Our aim was to evaluate intraoperative awareness during general anaesthesia and titrate amount of anaesthetic agents according toBispectral Index ( BIS).Methods:This randomised, prospective comparative study was conducted in 100 adult patients, randomly divided equally in to 2 groups: BIS and NON BIS. After obtaining written informed consent,patients belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade 1and 2, aged 20-60 years, weighing 40-75 kg posted for elective surgical procedures in various specialties under general anaesthesia were included. Patients with ASA 3 & 4, psychiatric illness on medication, language barrier, pregnancy or known allergy to propofol were excluded. Postoperatively intraoperative awareness was assessed by modified form of Brice questionnaire at various time intervals. Hemodynamic parameters were monitored and total propofol consumption was calculated.Results:Intra-operative awareness reported was 2% in BIS group and 8% in NON-BIS group. Total propofol consumption in BIS group was significantly less as compared to NON BIS group respectively 8.25±1.7 mg vs 11.15±2.5 mg (P value <0.0001).Timepoint ComparisonChange in RBS (mg/dL) from Baseline to Follow-up TimepointsP for Comparison of the two Groups in Terms of Difference of RBS (mg/dL) from Baseline to Follow-up Timepoints Group: SevofluraneGroup: Desflurane Mean (SD) of Absolute ChangeP of Change Within GroupMean (SD) of Absolute ChangeP of Change Within GroupPost-Induction - Baseline4.97 (2.38)<0.0010.03 (0.71)1.000<0.0011 H - Baseline5.26 (3.63)<0.0011.00 (0.80)0.558<0.0012 H - Baseline4.74 (3.02)<0.0011.94 (1.19)0.003<0.0013 H - Baseline4.15 (2.89)<0.0012.77 (1.33)<0.0010.0114 H - Baseline4.67 (2.34)<0.0013.03 (1.42)<0.0010.0025 H - Baseline5.48 (3.15)<0.0013.09 (1.47)<0.0010.0016 H - Baseline6.10 (3.57)<0.0012.46 (1.37)<0.001<0.0017 H - Baseline5.32 (3.06)<0.0012.61 (1.85)<0.0010.0048 H - Baseline4.81 (2.79)<0.0011.50 (2.07)<0.0010.0089 H - Baseline7.27 (3.88)<0.0014.50 (0.71)<0.0010.260Conclusion:BIS serves as an excellent tool for awareness monitoring and titration of anaesthetic drugs perioperativelyPROPOFOL consumption DoseGroup BISGroup non-BIS P I Induction (mg/kg)1.75±0.152.15±0.15<0.0001Maintainence (mg/kg/h)5.50±1.59.0±1.8<0.0001Total8.25±1.711.15±2.5<0.0001Data expressed as mean±SDAWARENESS IN BOTH GROUPS.

Bispectral index monitoring in spinal anesthesia with sedation can prevent dexmedetomidine related bradycardia: a randomized clinical trial

Background: An unintentional large dose of dexmedetomidine during sedation can lead to increased side effects such as bradycardia and hypotension. We investigated whether the frequency of bradycardia in patients undergoing surgery under spinal anesthesia and sedation with dexmedetomidine was effected if bispectral index (BIS) was used to monitor the sedation.&#x0D; Methodology: Fifty patients between 20 and 60 y of age, who underwent spinal anesthesia, were included in this study. The patients were divided into two groups (control and BIS groups). Patients in the control group were administered a loading dose of 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine for the first 10 min without BIS monitoring, followed by a maintenance dose of 0.2 μg/kg/h. Patients in the BIS group received a loading dose of 1 μg/kg dexmedetomidine for the first 10 min. The maintenance dose in this group was administered at the discretion of the anesthesiologist to maintain the BIS score between 50 and 70. The baseline heart rate (HR), lowest HR, and the difference between baseline and the lowest HR were calculated.&#x0D; Results: The baseline HR was 74.4 ± 11.0 beats per minute (bpm) and 80.9 ± 16.0 bpm, in the control and BIS groups respectively (p = 0.098). The difference between the baseline and lowest HR in the control and BIS groups was 19.4 ± 7.6 bpm and 25.5 ± 8.8 bpm, respectively (p = 0.011). Low baseline HR was positively correlated with a reduced lowest HR.&#x0D; Conclusions: The frequency of bradycardia during sedation with dexmedetomidine decreased with BIS monitoring. Patients with a low baseline HR were more likely to develop bradycardia during sedation with dexmedetomidine. Therefore, BIS monitoring may be helpful in patients with low baseline HR.&#x0D; Key words: Bispectral index monitor; Dexmedetomidine; heart rate; spinal anesthesia&#x0D; Citation: Kim J, Kim HY, Yun M, Lee J, Kim JD, Kang D. Bispectral index monitoring during sedation with dexmedetomidine in spinal anesthesia prevents bradycardia: a randomized clinical trial. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2021;26(1):14-19 ;&#x0D; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v26i1.1760

Cyclam with a phosphinate-bis(phosphonate) pendant arm is a bone-targeting carrier of copper radionuclides.

Ligands combining a bis(phosphonate) group with a macrocycle function as metal isotope carriers for radionuclide-based imaging and for treating bone metastases associated with several cancers. However, bis(phosphonate) pendant arms often slow down complex formation and decrease radiochemical yields. Nevertheless, their negative effect on complexation rates may be mitigated by using a suitable spacer between bis(phosphonate) and the macrocycle. To demonstrate the potential of bis(phosphonate) bearing macrocyclic ligands as a copper radioisotope carrier, we report the synthesis of a new cyclam derivative bearing a phosphinate-bis(phosphonate) pendant (H5te1PBP). The ligand showed a high selectivity to CuII over ZnII and NiII ions, and the bis(phosphonate) group was not coordinated in the CuII complex, strongly interacting with other metal ions in solution. The CuII complex formed quickly, in 1 s, at pH 5 and at a millimolar scale. The complexation rates significantly differed under a ligand or metal ion excess due to the formation of reaction intermediates differing in their metal-to-ligand ratio and protonation state, respectively. The CuII-te1PBP complex also showed a high resistance to acid-assisted hydrolysis (t1/2 2.7 h; 1 M HClO4, 25 °C) and was effectively adsorbed on the hydroxyapatite surface. H5te1PBP radiolabeling with [64Cu]CuCl2 was fast and efficient, with specific activities of approximately 30 GBq 64Cu per 1 μmol of ligand (pH 5.5, room temperature, 30 min). In a pilot experiment, we further demonstrated the excellent suitability of [64Cu]CuII-te1PBP for imaging active bone compartments by dedicated small animal PET/CT in healthy mice and subsequently in a rat femoral defect model, in direct comparison with [18F]fluoride. Moreover, [64Cu]CuII-te1PBP showed a higher uptake in critical bone defect regions. Therefore, our study highlights the potential of [64Cu]CuII-te1PBP as a PET radiotracer for evaluating bone healing in preclinical and clinical settings with a diagnostic value similar to that of [18F]fluoride, albeit with a longer half-life (12.7 h) than 18F (1.8 h), thereby enabling extended observation times.

Effect of Bispectral Index versus End Tidal Anaesthetic Gas Concentration on Time to Tracheal Extubation for Isoflurane Based General AnaesthesiaA Prospective Observational Study

Introduction: Modalities like Bispectral Index Monitoring (BIS) and End Tidal Anaesthetic Gas (ETAG) concentration guided anaesthesia have been used to study the intraoperative awareness but their efficacy for achieving early tracheal extubation has not been established. Aim: To compare the effect of BIS monitoring and ETAG concentration guided anaesthesia on time to tracheal extubation and haemodynamics for isoflurane based general anaesthesia. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational cohort study was conducted in the Department of Anaesthesiology at Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Government Medical College and MY Hospital, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India, from June 2020 to June 2021. Total 60 patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) status I and II who received isoflurane based general anaesthesia were included in study. Depending upon the modality being used by the anaesthesiologist to monitor and maintain the depth of anaesthesia, the patients were allocated in equal numbers into two group. Group B received BIS guided anaesthesia, where BIS value was kept between 40 and 60 and group E received ETAG concentration guided anaesthesia, where Minimum Alveolar Concentration (MAC) was kept between 0.7 to 1.3. Tracheal extubation time was recorded from stopping all anaesthetic agents upto the time of extubation. Unpaired t-test was applied for analysis of data. Results: The mean tracheal extubation time was significantly longer in the BIS group (21.14±2.23 minutes) as compared to ETAG group (15.20±1.27 minutes). All hemodynamic parameters i.e., pulse rate, mean arterial pressure and saturation remained within normal limits and were comparable between the two groups at all the time intervals. Conclusion: The tracheal extubation time is significantly longer in BIS guided anaesthesia as compared to ETAG guided anaesthesia. The ETAG monitoring promotes earlier extubation of patients as compared to BIS monitoring in isoflurane based general anaesthesia.

Synthesis and characterization of hole transporting materials containing bis(carbazole) groups for solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells

In this study, bis(carbazole) derivatives, such as bis[N-(2-ethylhexyl)-carbazole-3-yl] (HTM_I) and bis[N-(2-ethylhexyloxylphenyl)-carbazole-3-yl] (HTM_II), were successfully synthesized for use as small-molecule organic hole-transporting materials (HTMs) in solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (ssDSSCs) by coupling two respective carbazole moieties using FeCl3 catalyst. The structural integrity of two compounds was identified by 1H and 13 NMR. Maximum UV-vis absorption and photoluminescence peaks were observed at 306 nm and 425 nm for HTM_I, and at 306 nm and 425 nm for HTM_II, respectively. From the optical and electrochemical characterization, bandgap, HOMO, and LUMO energy levels were measured to be 3.26 eV, −5.52 eV, and −2.26 eV for HTM_I, and 3.37 eV, −5.61 eV, and −2.24 eV for HTM_II. The ssDSSC fabricated with HTM_II doped with TBP, MPII, and LiTFSI showed the highest PEC of 2.54%, with J sc = 6.55 mA/cm2, V oc = 0.55 V, and FF = 0.70.

Plant growth-promoting bacteria belonging to the genera &lt;em&gt;Pseudomonas&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Bacillus&lt;/em&gt; improve the growth of sorghum seedings in a low-nutrient soil

Background: Deficiency in sorghum growth in ecosystems of low-nutrient soils has been scarcely studied. This soil deficiency can be overcome by the addition of plant growth-promoting bacteria which increase sorghum growth. Questions and/or Hypotheses: indole acetic acid (IAA) producing and phosphate solubilizing bacteria can promote sorghum growth under nutritional stress. Studied species: Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Study site and dates: Mexico City, 2018. Methods: Of the twelve bacterial strains utilized, three produce IAA (group BI), two strains produce IAA and siderophores (BIS group), four strains produce IAA and solubilize phosphate (BIP group), and three strains produce IAA, solubilize phosphate, and produce siderophores (BIPS group). Hydroponic bioassays and low-nutrient soil bioassay were used. Results: In hydroponic bioassays, for BI and BIS groups, five strains significantly increased the growth parameters with respect to the control, and for the BIP and BIPS groups, two strains promoted stem development and shoot dry weight. In a low-nutrient soil bioassay, Pseudomonas sp. BI-1 (from BI group) was the one that presented the highest percentages 32, 48, 140 and 79 % in stem diameter, height and dry weight of the shoot and dry weight of the root, respectively, followed by the P. mohnii BIPS-10 strain (from BIPS group) that exhibited similar results. Conclusions: IAA producing Pseudomonas strains improve the sorghum growth in a low-nutrient soil and suggest thatPseudomonas sp. BI-1 and P. mohnii BIPS-10 could be used as potential bioinoculants for sorghum.

Evaluating the role of Smartpilot® view assisted target-controlled infusion anesthesia during intracranial mass surgery: A comparative retrospective study with bispectral index-guided standard anesthesia

Background/Aim: Neuroanesthesia necessitates the control of both systemic and cerebral hemodynamics, the prevention of intracranial pressure increase, knowledge of anesthetics’ cerebral effects, and early neurological recovery. The titration of anesthetics becomes crucial to optimize the appropriate level of anesthesia required for surgery while reducing postoperative neurological consequences. Smartpilot® View (SPV) is a new decision support system that uses pharmacologic models to optimize anesthetic depth and improve patient outcomes. The goal of this study was to compare the effectiveness of SPV with standard BIS-guided anesthesia administration in terms of intraoperative hemodynamic stabilization, anesthetic consumption, and postoperative recovery times during intracranial mass surgery. Methods: Following ethics committee approval, the records of the patients who underwent elective supratentorial craniotomy between November 15, 2017 and March 15, 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. The demographics of the patients, anesthesia and surgery times, eye opening and extubation times, time to reach an Aldrete score of 9 and anesthetic consumptions were compared between those who were monitored with SPV in addition to BIS (SPV Group) and those who were monitored with solely BIS for standard anesthetic follow-up (BIS Group). Results: A total of 139 subjects were analyzed (SPV (n=71), BIS (n=68)). Hemodynamic responses to induction and intubation were more pronounced in the BIS group (P<0.05). Time until eye opening and extubation were 3.6 (2.4) versus 6.06 (1.63) minutes and 5.76 (1.3) versus 9.16 (1.0) minutes in the SPV and BIS groups (P<0.001). In the SPV Group, it took much less time to achieve an Aldrete score of 9 or above (P<0.001). Total consumed amount of both propofol and remifentanil were significantly lower in the SPV group (P<0.001). Conclusion: Use of SPV compared to BIS-guided routine anesthesia follow-up improved titration and consumption of anesthetic drugs, thereby facilitating the early recovery process in patients who underwent intracranial mass surgery.

Synthesis of dielectric polymers with bipyridyl ligand and metal complex by ring-opening metathesis polymerization

Block copolymers with bipyridyl ligand and metal ion complex were synthesized by ring-opening metathesis polymerization. The combination of high dipolar polarization induced by bis(trifluoromethyl) group in polymer, the long-range polaron hopping process produced by the introduction of metal-bipyridyl side group, and the self-assembled nanostructure significantly improved the dielectric properties of polymers. The iridium(III)-contained block copolymer exhibited outstanding comprehensive dielectric and energy storage performance with high dielectric constant of 23.0–20.3 and low dielectric loss of 0.032–0.013 at 102–106 Hz, and high polarizability of 3.14 μC cm−2 at 280 MV m−1. Besides, the released-stored energy density reached 4.17/4.86 J cm−3 accompanied with the charge-discharge efficiency of 86%. Therefore, it would have potential applications as a metal-organic dielectric material with good dielectric and energy storage properties.

Intraoperative awareness during laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy

Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of intraoperative awereness (IA) in our patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and the factors affecting the formation of this complication. Methods: Four hundred ten patients who underwent LSG between March 2018 and September 2020 were included in the study. By April 2019, we started using the Bispectral index (BIS) monitoring, which measures the depth of anesthesia in all of our LSG cases (n = 167). Patients with and without BIS monitorization were divided into two groups and compared. Results: In our series, IA was seen in 3 patients (2 males) in two different hospitals (0.7%; n = 410). They were all in the non BIS group (n = 243). The median duration of anesthesia was 120 minutes (ranging 90-180) in the non-BIS, and 113 minutes (ranging, 90-140) in the BIS group (p &amp;lt; 0.001). Hypotension developed in 63 patients in non-BIS and 12 patients in BIS group at the beginning of the operation (&amp;lt; 90/60 mm Hg). The total remifentanil infusion dose administered during the anesthesia period in the BIS group was 1310 ± 351 mcg, and 1330 ± 270 mcg in the non BIS group (p = 0.002). The effect of BIS monitorization between groups on IA, did not show statistical significance (p = 0.27). Conclusions: Anesthesia techniques that work well for patients with normal weight may not be safe and appropriate for obese patients. Especially in patients with intraoperative hypotension, it is necessary to be more careful about dose adjustment of anesthetic drugs.

Effect of BIS monitoring on sevoflurane consumption in patients undergoing breast cancer surgeries under general anesthesia\u2014a prospective observational study

BackgroundThe bispectoral index (BIS), a parameter derived from electroencephalogram, has been used to assess the depth of anesthesia. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of BIS monitoring on sevoflurane consumption and recovery profile at the end of anesthesia. After obtaining Institutional Review Board approval and written informed consent, 25 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification 1 and 2 patients undergoing breast cancer surgeries who had BIS monitoring in addition to standard ASA monitoring (BIS GROUP) were compared against 25 controls (control group). In the control group, adequate depth of anesthesia was maintained using routine clinical parameters like heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane, while in the BIS group, it was maintained by keeping the BIS score between 40 and 60 (mean 50). Data including demographics, sevoflurane consumption, hemodynamic variables, and recovery profile at the end of anesthesia was assessed in terms of time for eye opening (TEO), time for motor response (TMR), time for extubation (TE), and modified Aldrete scoring (MAS).ResultsThe mean sevoflurane consumption was lower (P = 0.019) in the BIS group. TEO (P = 0.001), TMR (P = 0.0001), and TE (0.003) were shorter in the BIS group. Difference in MAS between the 2 groups was not statistically significant (P = 0.085).ConclusionsBIS monitoring during anesthesia resulted in significant reduction in the sevoflurane consumption. Patients who had BIS monitoring awoke earlier and had better recovery profile at the end of anesthesia.

Synthesis and Application of Reactive Dyes Based on Azo-Anthraquinone Skeleton to Realize Clean Printing of Cotton Fabrics

Traditional reactive dyes generate a large amount of colored wastewater during printing owing to low reactivity, causing severe environmental problems. In this investigation, four novel reactive dyes were synthesized via incorporating azo structure into anthraquinone chromophore. They were characterized by UV-Vis, FT-IR, and 1H-NMR spectra. Their printing properties on cotton fabric were comprehensively studied. Attributed to multifunctional groups, the fixation of the novel reactive dyes can reach 98 % even at the dye concentration of 10 %. It increases by 30 % compared with traditional anthraquinone dyes. Moreover, the reactive dyes containing both mono-chlortriazine and bis(sulfatoethylsufone) groups can achieve urea-free printing. This research has a potential and significant application in the cleaner production of printing for cotton fabrics.

The Bispectral Index Interest during General Anesthesia at the University Hospital of Parakou (Republic of Benin) in 2019

Background: The bispectral index (BIS) derived from the electroencephalogram is an additional means of monitoring the depth of narcosis. Objective: To compare the monitoring of the depth of narcosis by the BIS associated with clinical data versus standard monitoring at the University Hospital of Parakou in Benin in 2019. Methods: This was an observational study for descriptive and analytical purposes with prospective data collection, carried out in general surgery and intensive care unit for 4 months. The inclusion criteria were: an age ≥ 18 years, an ASA score ≤ 3, surgery under general anesthesia and informed consent of the patient. Two groups were formed: non-BIS group monitored by clinical parameters (PA, FC, FR, EtCO2, and SpO2) only and BIS group monitored by bispectral index in addition to clinical parameters. Patients were seen 48 hours after the procedure. Results: 36 patients were collected. The mean age was 40.63 ± 16.77 years with a sex ratio of 3. ASA 1 patients represented 86.11% of the sample and ASA2 patients 13.89%. The average doses of Propofol were not significantly reduced in the BIS group (p = 0.555). On the other hand, the period of intraoperative recovery (p-value = 0.007) and the NVPO (p = 0.043; OR = 0.10; 95% CI [0.01 - 0.97]) were significantly reduced by the use of BIS. One case of intraoperative memorization (2.78%) was however found in the BIS group. Conclusion: The bispectral index makes it possible to significantly reduce the risk of intraoperative awakening and PONV, and not significantly reduce the consumption of Propofol.

A randomised comparative study on intraoperative bispectral index monitoring vs. conventional monitoring on awakening time, extubatation time and early postoperative recovery from general anaesthesia using desflurane as inhalational anaesthetic during maintenance of anaesthesia in morbidly obese patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy surgery

Introduction: In India incidence of obesity is in increasing trend. Anaesthetising morbidly obese patients is challenge to anaesthesiologist. Due to alteration in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in obese patients, drug dosing in these patients is different from patients with normal body mass index. This has led to lot of confusion in titration of anaesthetic drugs perioperatively. Any method which helps in perioperative drug titration may help in optimal intraoperative maintenance of anaesthesia, early awakening at the end of surgery and early postoperative recovery. We hypothesize that intraoperative Bispectral index (BIS) monitoring allows optimal titration of anaesthetic drugs intraoperatively and decrease awakening time, early postoperative recovery from general anaesthesia in morbidly obese patients undergoing laparoscopic laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy surgery. Materials and Methods: Two groups of 40 patients each were anaesthetized with the use of BIS monitoring in BIS- GROUP and in NON-BIS GROUP patients were anaesthetized without the using BIS monitoring. The heamodynamic parameters heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were recorded before induction, after induction at 1 minute (min), 3min, and 5min, after incision at 1min, 5min, 10min, 15min, 30min, 45min, 60min, and 70min were recorded. Awakening time (time to eye opening to verbal command) recorded every minute, time to extubation at 1min, 5 min, 15 min were recorded and time to achieve Modified Aldrete score ?9 were recorded. Results: Mean awakening time, time to extubate and Modified Aldrete score ?9 were significantly shorter in the BIS group as compared to the NON-BIS group (P 0.05). Conclusion: Without compromising the hemodynamic stability BIS monitoring was effective in early awakening, associated with early postoperative recovery in morbidly obese patients undergoing laparoscopic laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy surgery. Keywords: Morbid obesity, Bispectral index, Recovery.

High‐performance hybrid polymer based on bis(alkoxy) ortho‐substituted para‐phenylene

AbstractCompared to bis(alkoxy) group para‐substituted para‐phenylene (p‐phenylene) widely used as spacer, the isomer ortho‐substituted p‐phenylene is rarely studied in constructing organic optoelectronic materials. In this manuscript, bis(hexyloxy) group ortho‐substituted p‐phenylene was used to construct hybrid thienylene‐phenylene polymer poly(EDOT‐o‐BE). The density functional theory study indicated the dihedral angles between thienylene and phenylene are 15° for ortho‐substituted EDOT‐o‐BE and 10° for para‐substituted EDOT‐p‐BE. Poly(EDOT‐o‐BE) exhibits the little potential difference between cathodic (0.61 V) and anodic (0.65 V) peaks even at the high potential scan rate, different from bis(alkoxy) para‐substituted control polymer poly(EDOT‐p‐BE). Moreover, the free‐standing poly(EDOT‐o‐BE) film displays better stability than poly(EDOT‐p‐BE) due to the little degradation of molecular chains. Compared to poly(EDOT‐p‐BE), poly(EDOT‐o‐BE) possesses higher ionic transport and different molecular aggregation. These results indicate the positions of side chains have important influence on the properties of conjugated polymer, including molecular configuration, aggregation state, film quality, electrochemical behavior and optical absorption.

Crystal Structures and Physical Properties of Charge-Ordered Organic Conductor β-(MTDT-TTP)2BF4

Abstract We have prepared a new donor MTDT-TTP (bis(methylthio)dithio-tetrathia-pentalene) and obtained β-(MTDT-TTP)2BF4, which undergoes structural transition by ordering of the bis(methylthio) groups at 190 K. A crystal structure analysis indicated that the BF4 salt is in a charge-ordered (CO) state at room temperature (RT), although it shows a metallic behavior above 260 K. The CO pattern at RT has a four-molecular cycle. The BF4 salt has also the CO state below the transition temperature, but the CO pattern is changed by the structure change.

Impulsiveness as a moderator of amphetamine treatment response for cocaine use disorder among ADHD patients

BackgroundAmphetamines are a first-line treatment for ADHD and have shown promise for the treatment of cocaine use disorder (CUD), both alone and with comorbid ADHD. Impulsiveness is a key aspect of both ADHD and substance use disorders. We sought to understand the role of baseline impulsiveness in the treatment of comorbid CUD and ADHD. MethodsIn a post hoc analysis (N = 76) of a 14-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of mixed amphetamine salts-extended release (MAS-ER) for comorbid ADHD and CUD, we examined the relationship between treatment response and participants’ baseline Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) score by comparing those with scores below versus above the median. In the original trial, participants received daily 60 mg MAS-ER, 80 mg MAS-ER, or placebo, in conjunction with cognitive behavioral therapy. ResultsThe odds of a cocaine-abstinent week over time were significantly greater in the high BIS group compared to the low BIS group, both when missing data was treated as missing (p = .0155; OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.35 versus OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.95, 1.15) and when missing data was treated as cocaine-positive (p = .003; OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.24 versus OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.88, 1.05). ConclusionsThe results show an association between higher within-group trait impulsiveness, as measured by the BIS-11, and response to MAS-ER for CUD in a cohort with comorbid ADHD. This result further demonstrates that impulsiveness is an important factor when considering treatment options for patients with CUD and that higher baseline impulsiveness may predict response to treatment with psychostimulants for CUD.

The Unbearableness of Being Light.

The Unbearableness of Being Light.

Redox-Responsive Colloidal Particles Based on Coordination Polymers Incorporating Viologen Units.

Colloidal particles based on supramolecular polymers are emerging as promising functional materials because of their intrinsic dynamic features and the possibility of stimuli responsivity. In this work, ≈200 nm self-assembled redox-responsive colloidal particles made of 1D-coordination polymers were readily prepared. In these metallopolymers, organic entities made of bis(viologen) groups covalently associated with terpyridine units are spontaneously bridged by Zn2+ cations through the formation of coordination bonds. The properties of these particles were analyzed and their redox activities investigated. Upon reduction of the viologen units, the formation of π-dimers between the reduced viologen moieties was demonstrated by spectroscopic experiments. It was shown that intermolecular π-dimers (i.e., between different polymer chains) that do not exist in homogeneous polymer solutions were, nevertheless, formed in the particle's structure because of the effects of confinement. The presence of these π-dimers allows stabilization of the charge in the colloids.

796 nm Activation of a Photocleavable Ruthenium(II) Complex Conjugated to an Upconverting Nanoparticle through Two Phosphonate Groups.

The biological application of photoactivatable ruthenium anticancer prodrugs is limited by the need to use poorly penetrating high-energy visible light for their activation. Upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs), which produce high-energy light under near-infrared (NIR) excitation, can solve this issue, provided that they form stable, water (H2O)-dispersible nanoconjugates with the prodrug and that there is efficient energy transfer from the UCNP to the ruthenium complex. Herein, we report on the synthesis and photochemistry of the ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complex [Ru(bpy)2(3H)](PF6)2 ([1](PF6)2), where bpy = 2,2-bipyridine and 3H is a photocleavable bis(thioether) ligand modified with two phosphonate moieties. This ligand was coordinated to the ruthenium center through its thioether groups and could be dissociated under blue-light irradiation. Complex [1](PF6)2 was bound to the surface of NaYF4:Yb3+,Tm3+@NaYF4:Nd3+@NaYF4 core–shell–shell (CSS-)UCNPs through its bis(phosphonate) group, thereby creating a H2O-dispersible, thermally stable nanoconjugate (CSS-UCNP@[1]). Conjugation to the nanoparticle surface was found to be most efficient in neutral to slightly basic conditions, resulting in up to 2.4 × 103 RuII ions per UCNP. The incorporation of a neodymium-doped shell layer allowed for the generation of blue light using low-energy, deep-penetrating light (796 nm). This wavelength prevents the undesired heating seen with conventional UCNPs activated at 980 nm. Irradiation of CSS-UCNP@[1] with NIR light led to activation of the ruthenium complex [1](PF6)2. Although only one of the two thioether groups was dissociated under irradiation at 50 W·cm–2, we provide the first demonstration of the photoactivation of a ruthenium thioether complex using 796 nm irradiation of a H2O-dispersible nanoconjugate.