Birth Certificate Research Articles

Birth certificates of bridges – reference condition of new bridges

Information on changes in the structure and deviations from normal behavior is important for the predictive maintenance of engineering structures. Changes can be detected by using monitoring and structure inspection. The determination of changes, requires that these changes be compared with a reference condition. The determination of the reference condition currently takes place when changes and damage to the structure are already present. This is where the idea of the birth certificate begins. The birth certificate of a bridge describes the zero measurement of the bridge, which determines the reference condition and the load-bearing behavior of a bridge after its completion on the basis of suitable parameters. Measurements can be repeated at appropriate intervals to detect changes. The concept of birth certificate does not require continuous measurements over the entire life cycle. Relevant parameters are: - Physical: Determination is carried out by equipping the bridge with sensors and performing measurements possibly supported by test loads with the aim of mapping the static and dynamic behavior of the bridge. - Geometric: Creation of a three-dimensional, geo-referenced model of the actually built structure in sufficient detail. - Chemical: Detection of changes that lead to a reduction in durability via investigations of building materials technology. The main objective is to identify a reference condition for detecting and evaluating changes in the behavior and condition of the bridge. In the paper, the background to the creation of the birth certificate, the objectives and the approach in other countries or disciplines are presented. Furthermore, the importance of the reference measurement for the monitoring application in new construction and ideas of a concept for the implementation of birth certificates via the derivation of indicators, are described.

A Review on Dental Age Estimation in Children and Adolescents

Abstract Children are seen as beings who exist from birth through puberty, while teenagers are regarded as existing from puberty until around the age of 20 years. For a number of legal processes, including child labor, employment, the age of majority, rape, adoption, marriage eligibility, and situations where the birth certificate is unavailable, age estimation in children and adolescents is crucial. Despite the wide range of methods available, dental age estimation techniques that take into account tooth maturation are thought to be the most reliable predictors of chronological age in subadults. This is because genetic factors predominate and environmental factors, particularly between birth and age ten, tend to have little impact on tooth maturation. The eruption of teeth holds greater significance in the deciduous dentition, where genetic factors predominantly govern the process, compared to the permanent dentition. Conversely, tooth calcification serves as a viable indicator for estimating dental age in both primary and permanent dentitions. Current dental age estimation methods are based on age-related changes in teeth, such as tooth growth and development, changes that occur after teeth form, and biochemical changes. Therefore, in this review article, we will explore the several methodologies used for dental age assessment in children and adolescents.

Application of The Healthy Migrant Theory to Maternal Morbidity and Mortality Data in Ohio

BACKGROUND: The Healthy Migrant Theory is a phenomenon describing a protective effect regarding specific health outcomes when a person of color is born outside of the U.S. Previous literature has focused on the application of this theory to infant outcomes, leaving its application to maternal outcomes mostly unstudied. The objective of this research is to determine whether the Healthy Migrant Theory holds true to maternal morbidity in the Ohio population. METHODS: Birth record data from the Ohio Department of Health was analyzed from 2015-2020 that included mothers identifying as White or Black and data where country of birth was available (n=717,300). Mothers were grouped by race and nationality. Maternal morbidity and socioeconomic status (SES) were analyzed. One-way ANOVA was used to examine associations between SES and number of maternal morbidity events. Binary logistic regression models were developed to examine the relationships among race, nationality, and occurrence of maternal morbidity events. Interaction between race and nationality was also evaluated. RESULTS: Among black mothers, nationality was significantly associated with the likelihood of any maternal morbidity event occurring (OR= 1.659; 95% CI= 1.534, 1.795; p< 0.001), with foreign-born mothers having about 1.66 times greater odds of having a maternal morbidity event. This relationship persisted after adjusting for SES. No statistical difference in low SES indicators was found between foreign-born Black mothers and US-born Black mothers (p= 0.349, 95% CI= -0.007, 0.030). DISCUSSION: Our findings appear to contradict the Healthy Migrant Theory. More research regarding treatment and outcomes of foreign-born Black mothers must be implemented to better understand the nuances of the application of this theory to maternal outcomes. Caution should be taken when comparing infant and maternal outcomes and interventions since they may not be as closely connected as previously thought. Limitations of this project include inaccuracies in data collection from birth certificates, limited morbidity variables, and lack of stratification based on country of origin.

Unregistered Marriage Practices and Their Consequences: A Case Study in Pesisir Selatan Regency

This research examines unregistered marriages in Pesisir Selatan Regency, obtaining marriage certificates that can be used. The problem formulation for this research is how marital status is not recorded in Pesisir Selatan Regency. The research questions are: 1. What is the background to the existence of unregistered marriages and the implementation of unregistered marriages? 2. What is the validity of unregistered marriages? 3. What is the validity of marriage books, their use and legal consequences? To answer this question, field research was used using interview and documentation data collection techniques. Next, the data that has been collected is analyzed using qualitative methods to provide an overview of the object under study through the data that has been collected and make generally accepted conclusions. The results of this research are: 1. The factors behind the existence of unregistered marriages in Pesisir Selatan Regency are due to inter-ethnic marriages, the absence of a husband or wife's divorce certificate and the existence of a marriage book as proof of the marriage. The wedding was not recorded as taking place at Katik's house, because Katik was the facilitator and/or the marriage provider. 2. The validity of an unregistered marriage has fulfilled the pillars and conditions of marriage in accordance with Islamic religious law. It turned out that there was one couple who did not fulfill the pillars and requirements for a valid marriage. 3. The marriage certificate obtained was fake. The reason it is said to be fake is because there are differences with the original marriage book, even though the marriage book is fake, it can actually be used to make a child's birth certificate.

Who's in the NICU? A population-level analysis.

To understand the characteristics of infants admitted to US NICUs. 2006-2014 linked birth certificate and hospital discharge data for potentially viable deliveries in Pennsylvania and South Carolina were used. NICU admissions were identified using revenue codes. NICU-admitted infants were categorized by gestational age (GA), birthweight, and condition severity (for GA 35+ weeks). We also assessed total patient days and trends over time. 12% of infants were admitted to a NICU; 13.6% were GA < 32 weeks (45.3% of total days); 36.1% were GA 32-36 weeks (31.2% of total days); and 50.4% were GA 37+ weeks (23.5% of total days). 20% of admissions were for infants with GA 35+ weeks and mild conditions. Admissions increased numerically from 11.2% (2006) to 13.0% (2014), with increases among infants 35+ weeks. Most NICU admissions are for infants 35+ weeks GA, many with mild conditions who may be accommodated in well-baby units.

Discrete Cosine Transform Algorithm Analysis of The Application of QR Codes on Birth Certificate Image Objects

Security and authentication of important documents such as birth certificates have become a major concern today and in the digital age. In this context, the use of watermarking technology is an effective solution to add additional information to digital documents without destroying their authenticity. The DCT method is used to convert images into the frequency domain, allowing the watermark to be added without disturbing the appearance of the document. Testing ensures that the watermarking process does not damage the appearance of the original document and that the watermark information can be accurately re-extracted. The research results show that the QR code watermark using the DCT method successfully provides secure and authentic birth certificates. The application of the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) method to the birth certificate QR code watermarking process was able to significantly improve document security and authentication without compromising document quality or important information. This thesis outlines the extensive steps in the practical application of the QR code watermark on birth certificates. From data preparation including birth certificate images and QR codes to the watermark conversion and extraction process, all steps are explained in detail. Thus, applying this watermarking technique can be an effective solution to protect the integrity of birth certificates and similar documents in the digital environment.

ENHANCING BIRTH REGISTRATION THROUGH E-REGISTRY SYSTEMS: A RESEARCH PERSPECTIVE

Introducing our web-based platform for easily creating birth certificates online. We understand the frustration and time consumption associated with traditional paper-based certificate systems, as well as the inefficiencies of relying on third-party services like cybercafes. Long queues and delays due to the vast population only exacerbate these challenges. Whether it's for educational or employment purposes, everyone requires a birth certificate. Unfortunately, access to certificate services is not always available around the clock. To address these concerns, we've developed a user-friendly website utilizing PHP, MySQL, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. Our platform aims to eliminate the need for physical visits to government offices or cybercafes. Users can conveniently apply for birth certificates after logging in securely, managing their personal details, and even reset their passwords if forgotten. Upon submission, administrators review applications, ensuring accuracy before approval. Verified users can then download their certificates hassle-free. In cases of discrepancies or missing information, applications are rejected, accompanied by feedback from the admin pinpointing the errors. Users can then rectify these issues and reapply as needed. Our website operates 24/7, ensuring accessibility and convenience for all users. With PHP for backend functionality, MySQL for database management, and HTML, CSS, and JavaScript for seamless user interaction, we're committed to simplifying the birth certificate issuance process while adhering to the highest standards of security and efficiency. Key Words: Birth Registration, Issuing birth certificates, Issuance system, Birth Rate Monitoring

Socioeconomic disadvantage and racial/ethnic disparities in low-risk cesarean birth in California.

Our objective was to assess the relationship of socioeconomic disadvantage and race/ethnicity with low-risk cesarean birth. We examined birth certificates (2007-18) linked with maternal hospitalization data from California; the outcome was cesarean birth among low-risk deliveries (i.e., nulliparous, term, singleton, vertex [NTSV]). We used GEE Poisson regression with an interaction term for race/ethnicity (7 groups) and a measure of socioeconomic disadvantage (census tract-level neighborhood deprivation index [NDI], education, or insurance). Among 1,815,933 NTSV births, 26.6% were cesarean. When assessing the joint effect of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic disadvantage among low-risk births, risk of cesarean birth increased with socioeconomic disadvantage for most racial/ethnic groups, and disadvantaged Black individuals had the highest risks; e.g., Black individuals with a high school education or less had a risk ratio of 1.49 (95% CI 1.45-1.53), relative to White individuals with a college degree. The disparity in risk of cesarean birth between Black and White individuals was observed across all strata of socioeconomic disadvantage. Asian American and Hispanic individuals had higher risks than White individuals at lower socioeconomic disadvantage; this disparity was not observed at higher levels of disadvantage. Black individuals have a persistent, elevated risk of cesarean birth, relative to White individuals, regardless of socioeconomic disadvantage.

Traditional Chinese marriage after the enactment of the marriage law in Indonesia (Study on the Chinese community of Cirebon City)

Indonesia is a multi-ethnic country with a diversity of tribes and cultures that are still preserved and implemented, one of which is the Chinese ethnic culture. There have been cross-country and different religious marriages that were not previously registered in the Civil Registry and then registered, but there are still many misconducts due to ignorance and lack of socialization by the more intensive government, which has resulted in children born to become illegitimate children. The actual circumstances make it difficult for a portion of the ethnic Chinese majority to obtain the legality of their birth certificates, which will affect their future lives. This research method uses empirical jurisprudence with a qualitative approach, so it aims to provide a deeper insight into changes and adaptations in Chinese ethnic marriage institutions after the implementation of national marriage law regulation. Thus, the settlement measure taken after the entry into force of Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage in a customaryly married couple, giving birth to an out-of-marriage child by an act on behalf of the mother, which if it is to be authenticated as the child of the father and mother, requires a court decision.

Embryo Donation Law in Iran and Some Challenges in Determining the Rights of Donated Children: A Review

Islamic Republic of Iran has provided a legal framework for embryo transfer so that fertility becomes possible with third party intervention. The use of this method of fertility as well as its effects and rules are subject to cultural, social and religious factors. The brief nature of the embryo donation law indicates the lack of adequate measures for the child’s future. The present study aimed to review the embryo donation law in Iran and some challenges in determining the rights of the child. This study employed a library, descriptive and analytical method and is based on Shia jurisprudence and law books. By using the keywords of “Donation, Alimony, Custody, and Inheritance”, various aspects of the embryo donation law have been investigated. Article 3 of the Embryo Donation Law considers the duties and responsibilities of the couples who donate the embryo and the born child in terms of maintenance, alimony and being mahram[1], similar to the duties and responsibilities of children and parents. However, the important issues of lineage and inheritance are not considered. Neither it elaborates compliance with the principle of confidentiality and the non-identification of the genetic parents, the coercive guardianship of the father, and the prohibition of marriage (being mahram). There is neither enough clarity about the method of evaluating the recipient couple’s moral competence, the limit of the number of gamete donations, alimony, or custody. It is necessary to explain the kinship and genetic inheritance, amend birth certificate registration law, specify the rejection of anonymity to prevent the phenomenon of mixing lineage based on Shia jurisprudence, or to add new materials to this law.

1235-P: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Georgia, United States—Agreement between Maternal Self-Report and Birth Certificate Documentation

1235-P: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Georgia, United States—Agreement between Maternal Self-Report and Birth Certificate Documentation

A Child's Right to Identity in the Context of Embryo Donation: Lessons from Australia and New Zealand, Part 2

In part 1 of this article, the current level of protection for the right to identity both at the national and international levels were considered in the case of embryo donation. It was concluded that at a national level the NHA, its accompanying regulations and the Children’s Act fail to protect this right. The constitutional provisions on children’s rights are further unhelpful in providing the requisite level of protection. At an international level it was further found that neither the CRC or the ACRWC explicitly uphold the child’s right to identity in the case of embryo donation. In an attempt to address this defect, this article draws comparisons on the legal protection provided for the right to identity of children born through embryo donation in Australia and New Zealand. A number of lessons can be drawn from this comparative analysis. At a national level, the article submits that the birth certificate should indicate the child’s true origins and in addition to a register which holds the particulars of the child’s donor parents, a separate donor sibling register is also suggested. Legislative amendments are also suggested to Parliament. At an international level, the following recommendations are made: a new UN Convention which is centred around Assisted Reproductive Technology, a General Comment drafted by the Convention on the Rights of the Child to cover specific issues and interests of children, ratification of a Convention by the Hague Conference, and an investigation into the concerns raised by international embryo donation to be carried out by the International Social Service Network. Further, the article concludes that an African based instrument would not be as effective as a UN proposed solution given the cultural and religious concerns in traditional African societies.

Optimizing Legal Protection: Addressing the Disparity of Sanctions Regarding Personal Names in Birth Certificates as Population Documents

Optimizing Legal Protection: Addressing the Disparity of Sanctions Regarding Personal Names in Birth Certificates as Population Documents

WEBSITE KELURAHAN SOLOK SIPIN

The smallest government agency at village level is the sub-district office, which is an agency that handles population data processing, especially in the process of making family cards, birth certificates, death certificates, immigrant certificates and moving certificates. In terms of data processing, Kelurahan Solok Sipin still experiences several obstacles, resulting in a long time in making reports. To overcome this, a web-based application is needed to speed up or simplify work and data and provide information more quickly and accurately. This application aims to make it easier for sub-district officials to improve population data collection and reports. The input requirements are admin data, population data, family card data, transfer mutation data, migrant mutation data, and birth event data. For process requirements, namely population data processing, family card data processing, transfer and immigrant mutation data processing, and processing data on birth and death events. The output requirements are population data reports, family card data reports, migration transfer data reports, migrant mutation data reports, and birth event data reports. So the expected results in this research are wide accessibility, no installation required, and updates can be automatic.

Determinants of birth registration and certification in Southwest Ethiopia: implication for a new strategy to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Birth registration is a child's basic legal and social right that grants them presence and security in their lifetime. However, it was initiated very recently, and its magnitude has not been well examined in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study assessed the magnitude of birth registration of children under two years old in Southwestern Ethiopia. This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on randomly selected 689 mothers or caregivers who had children less than 24 months from 15 April 2023 to 05 June 2023. The study was carried out in Bench Sheko Zone, located in the South West Region of Ethiopia. Face-to-face interviews were used to collect data. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine the factors associated with birth registration. In this study, 26.4%, 95% CI (23.2–29.6%) children were registered for birth. Mothers/caregivers who had a notification about birth registration and certification during pregnancy (AOR = 21.8, 95% CI 11.7–40.9) and information about birth registration after delivery (AOR = 3.9, 95% CI 1.4–11.3) were more likely to register for birth and certification compared to their counterparts while mothers/caregivers who had lower income and poor knowledge were less likely to register for birth and certification of their children. The region's current birth registration rate is low, with only one-fourth of all births registered. Birth notification, information about birth registration, knowledge and income level were all significant predictors of registration. Key strategies such as improving information dissemination, promoting institutional deliveries, empowering economic capacity, and increasing community engagement for improving the current birth registration level are needed to ensure that every child's birth is officially recognized. Subsequently, this will establish a foundation for achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs).

IMPLEMENTASI PELAYANAN DINAS KEPENDUDUKAN DAN PENCATATAN SIPIL KABUPATEN LAMPUNG SELATAN OLEH TIM KECAMATAN TANJUNG BINTANG

The problem in this study is that people in Tanjung Bintang District take approximately 2 hours to take care of population documents such as ID cards, family cards, birth certificates, and others. The mileage experienced by the community when handling documents is very difficult, time-consuming, and inefficient. This is a problem for today's society. The research method used is qualitative descriptive research, which is an analysis based on data obtained through interviews with informants, observation, and documentation. The results of the study, namely the Quality of Service of the Population and Civil Registration Office of South Lampung Regency by the Tanjung Bintang District Team, measured by five dimensions from Zeithhanl, Parasurama, and Berry, namely physical evidence (tangible), reliability (reliability), responsibility, assurance, and empathy (emphaty), are good enough, but there are still shortcomings. The existence of the Tanjung Bintang District Team is very helpful for the village community in terms of taking care of population documents that no longer need to go far to Disdukcapil Kalianda, so that it is more effective and efficient. In addition, findings regarding inhibiting factors in service by the Tanjung Bintang District Team are: limited space, officers who have never been given training in public services, lack of human resources, tools that depend on each other, and internet network disruption. Keywords: Implementation; Quality; Public Service

Kualitas Pelayanan Pembuatan Akta Kelahiran Pada Dinas Kependudukan Dan Catatan Sipil Kabupaten Simalungun

The purpose oh this study was to determine the quality of service for making birth certificates at the population and Civil Registry Office of Simalungun Regency as well as barriers to service quality in making birth certificates at the Population and Civil Registry Office of Simalungun Regency. The problems found are the level of public awareness is still low, the lack of socialization provided by the Office to the community, the distance from the sub-district location, and the network system is not good. The research method that the researcher uses is descriptive qualitative research method. Data were collected based on data collection techniques by conduting interviews, observations, documentation, and literature studies. The data analysis technique that the researcher uses is data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The theory that researchers use is the theory of service quality according to Zeithaml, namely tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy. The result showed that the quality of service at the Department of Population and Civil Registry of Simalungun Regency was quite good even if is notoptimal. This can be seen from the Tangible indicators that have been sufficiently proven with the availability of facilities such as computers and laptops. Responsiveness the given by employees to the community who do not understand the birth certificate requirements. Assurance provided employees are good seen from the timeliness and service according to the SOP and the Empathy that the Department has is very good and also high.

Current Status of Birth Registration Practice in Nepal

Birth registration is an essential element of civil registration and vital statistics which provide a legal identity and recognize the rights of an individual. In Nepal, birth registration has a long history starting from the Village Panchayat Act 1962 which was the first act with a provision for a birth certificate. Despite the over half-century experience of birth registration efforts, challenges to universal birth certificate coverage remain present, especially among the rural population. This research will investigate the current practices of birth registration in Nepal based on the findings of the National Population and Housing Census 2021. The analysis will show respective rates of birth certificate issuance across the regions, provinces, and development districts. Some areas show remarkable success in birth registration, while others struggle to reach significant coverage levels. The experience shows the critical role of government responsiveness to the development of birth registration which is especially important for rural areas and districts with significant rural populations. In this light, targeted efforts and outreach campaigns are necessary to eliminate barriers, thus guaranteeing equal access to birth registration for all children in Nepal.

Adverse Obstetric and Perinatal Outcomes Among Birthing People in Same-Sex and Different-Sex Relationships in Louisiana.

Purpose: We investigated sexual orientation disparities in several obstetric and perinatal outcomes in Louisiana and examined whether these disparities differed among Black, Latine, and White populations. Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional vital records data on singleton live births in Louisiana (2016-2022). Same-sex relationships (SSR) vs. different-sex relationships (DSR) were classified based on the sex of the parents listed on the birth certificate. Using modified Poisson regression, we estimated adjusted risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals among birthing persons in SSR vs. DSR for preterm birth (PTB), low birthweight (LBW), spontaneous labor, Cesarean delivery, gestational hypertension, and gestational diabetes. We examined within and across group disparities in models stratified by sexual orientation and race/ethnicity. Results: In the total birthing population, those in SSR experienced higher risk of gestational hypertension and gestational diabetes and were less likely to have spontaneous labor compared with persons in DSR. The risk of PTB and LBW was two-fold higher among Black birthing people in SSR compared with White birthing people in SSR and DSR. Latine birthing people in SSR experienced higher risk of gestational hypertension and gestational diabetes compared with their peers in DSR and White people in DSR. Some of these disparities were partially explained by including socioeconomic and health risk factors. Conclusion: Sexual orientation-related disparities exist across and within racial/ethnic groups among birthing people in Louisiana. Adopting an intersectional approach that considers the mutually constituted nature of heterosexism and racism is critical to addressing sexual orientation-related inequities in reproductive and perinatal health.

The beginning of becoming a human.

According to birth certificates, the life of a child begins once their body comes out of the mother's womb. But when does their organismal life begin? Science holds a palette of answers-depending on how one defines a human life. In 1984, a commission on the regulatory framework for human embryo experimentation opted not to answer this question, instead setting a boundary, 14 days post-fertilization, beyond which any experiments were forbidden. Recently, as the reproductive technologies developed and the demand for experimentation grew stronger, this boundary may be set aside leaving the ultimate decision to local oversight committees. While science has not come closer to setting a zero point for human life, there has been significant progress in our understanding of early mammalian embryogenesis. It has become clear that the 14-day stage does in fact possess features, which make it a foundational time point for a developing human. Importantly, this stage defines the separation of soma from the germline and marks the boundary between rejuvenation and aging. We explore how different levels of life organization emerge during human development and suggest a new meaning for the 14-day stage in organismal life that is grounded in recent mechanistic advances and insights from aging studies.