Heads Of Birds Research Articles

Псалии с зооморфными изображениями у кочевников Самаро-Уральского региона в VI–IV вв. до н.э.

The article illustrates a study of cheek-pieces with zoomorphic images used by the nomads of the Samara-Ural region at the end of the VI–IV centuries BC. A review of 79 cheek-pieces is presented, as well as their characteristics. As a result of the excavations, two chronological groups of such horse gear are identified. The date of the early group refers to the second half of the VI–V centuries BC. It is characterized by rod-like straight and arcuate curved bronze, iron, bimetallic double-hole bit shank with zoomorphic ends. The most common endings are decorated with realistic sculptural images of the heads of birds of prey / griffins, wolves and horses. Combinations of the heads of a predatory animal and a bird of prey, a predatory animal and a horse, a camel and a horse, as well as the head of a bird of prey and a hoof are rare images. The late group refers to the period of the end of the V–IV centuries BC. This group is characterized by the following cheek-pieces: S-shaped with endings shaped as horse hooves; L-shaped with curved endings shaped as a horse’s hoof or an open-work plate, which is a stylized image of a bird’s paw, the claws of which are transformed into the heads of birds or animals. A significant difference between these two groups is stated and based on their composition, motives (plots) of images and their stylistics. The mapping of the findings allowed to record the concentration of the most numerous groups of cheek-pieces (straight lines with endings in the form of the heads of birds of prey / griffins, wolves, horses, and S-shaped bit shanks with endings in the form of horse hooves) on the territory of the steppes, adjoining the western slopes of the Ural Mountains. These are mainly steppes in the basin of the middle and lower reaches of the river Ilek.

The Codification of Native Papuan Languages in The West Papua Province: Identification and Classification of Native Papuan Languages

This article aims to describe the codification of the language of indigenous Papuans in the province of West Papua. Starting from the idea that the extinction of a language causes the loss of various forms of cultural heritage, especially traditional heritage and spoken expressions of the speaking community. Native Papuan are native speakers of regional languages in West Papua Province who come from the Melanesian race family who have their own culture, history, customs and language. Regional languages in Indonesia have a very large number, but in their management, there are differences in language data on the validity of the number of regional languages in the archipelago. The findings in this article illustrate that the languages of West Papua Province can be grouped into four language groups, namely (1) Austronesian phylum groups; (2) West Papua phylum group; (3) Papuan Bird Head phylum group; and (4) the Trans West Papua Phylum Group. The codification of language in West Papua is based on: (1) the ecological typology of language (phylum), (2) the Summer Institute of Linguistics (SIL) data base, and (3) the database of the Indonesian Language Development and Development Agency

Dos bocados de bronce Hispano-Fenicios en el Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York): En torno a la funcionalidad e iconografía del Bronce Carriazo

The Metropolitan Museum of Art, in New York, exhibits two bronze plaques which reproduce the iconography of the famous Spanish item known as ‘Bronce Carriazo’. They are considered as lateral cheeks of a horse bridle bit cast by a West Phoenician workshop around the 7th century bc. They present some iconographic and, above all, technical differences with the Sevillian piece. These horse harness pieces represent the goddess qudšu ’aštart, a winged warrior divinity linked to the Phoenician royalty. The two heads of birds at the upper edges seem to configure the bow and the stern of a solar boat (the sun itself is symbolized in a central rosette). It would be the solar ship that sails through a water sky, depicting the trip to the otherworld in the extreme West. These Hispanic-Phoenician bronzes are inspired by the oriental repertoires and they reflect the assumption of a mythical and religious ideology, strongly rooted in Orient, by the western Iberian aristocracies throughout the Early Iron Age.

The bellbird's horn

The bellbird's horn

Species diversity, composition, and heterospecific associations of trees in three altitudinal gradients in Bird's Head Peninsula, Papua, Indonesia

Abstract. Fatem SM, Djitmau DA, Ungirwalu A, Wanma AO, Simbiak VI, Benu NMH, Tambing J, Murdjoko A. 2020. Species diversity, composition, and heterospecific associations of trees in three altitudinal gradients in Bird's Head Peninsula, Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3596-3605. The region of Bird's Head Peninsula, West Papua, Indonesia has a high level of vegetation diversity distributed from coastal to mountain areas. Yet, the information regarding this diversity is limited. We studied species diversity, composition, and heterospecific association of trees in three altitudinal gradients in Bird's Head Peninsula to reveal the biotic phenomenon in the region. Systematic random sampling was applied during data collection in three locations representing lower, middle, and upper altitudes of natural tropical forest. We applied diversity indices to investigate taxonomic diversity, importance value index (IVI) to reveal floristic composition and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) for heterospecific associations. In total, we recorded 30 families, 44 genera, and 66 species in the three locations. There were 20 families in lower area and each 15 families in middle and upper areas while the genera per site were 29 in lower, 20 in the middle, and 18 in the upper. The number of species found in lower, middle, and upper areas was 35 species, 24 species, and 27 species respectively. The research revealed that the taxonomic diversity of trees generally decreases as the elevation increases in terms of family, genera, and species level. The dominant species was also different across elevation gradients in which the dominant tree had a different pattern in the three locations between understory and upperstory. Moreover, the gradient of elevation has shaped the type of tree communities, suggesting interactions and associations among tree species. Of all species recorded, 26 species were listed in IUCN Red List with two species were under data deficient, 20 species were least concern, three species were near threatened, and one species was vulnerable.

Wild Meat Trade Chain on the Bird's Head Peninsula of West Papua Province, Indonesia

Wild meat has long been a staple of rural communities in West Papua Province, Indonesia. However, development of commercial networks has resulted in wild meat being increasingly transported in from forests to urban areas. This study describes the structure and operation of the wild meat trade chain along the coast of the Bird's Head Peninsula (BHP) of West Papua, including how wild meat flows from forests to urban areas and contributes to local livelihoods across the trade chain. Commercial networks have developed and wild meat is transported from forests to urban areas and contributes to livelihoods along the entire value chain. A survey was conducted on three groups of hunters: “focal respondents” (N = 220), including “participating hunters” (N = 33); “random respondents” (N = 800); and other actors (“intermediaries” [N = 6], “market traders” [N = 3], and “restaurant owners” [N = 4]) involved in the meat trade. Results indicate that hunting for trade is still a secondary livelihood activity, with more than half of our respondents selling hunted wildlife within their home villages. Hunters, intermediaries, market traders, and restaurant owners are involved in longer-distance wild meat trade and their roles are well defined from hunting to trading. The trade in wild meat along the coast of the BHP mirrors patterns found in other parts of the tropics. Market-oriented hunting that is emerging along the coast of the BHP may increase hunters' dependence on trading, which may increase the number of stakeholders involved. Consequently, wild meat harvest rates may be affected as modern techniques are used to increase the efficiency of hunting. Improving local agriculture productivity may be important to boost incomes and reduce the need to supplement income by selling wild meat. Development and conservation efforts should be focused on creating jobs for remote rural communities and to changing the behavior of wild meat purchasers.

Broiler stress responses to light intensity, flooring type, and leg weakness as assessed by heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratios, serum corticosterone, infrared thermography, and latency to lie

Stress and leg weakness are detrimental to broiler production, health, and welfare. Traditional methods to evaluate stress may be stressful to the bird because they are invasive and require handling and restraint. Two studies examined the effects of light intensity and flooring on the following in broilers: 1) traditional methods for assessing stress using heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratios and serum corticosterone (CORT) concentrations, 2) noninvasive measures of stress from infrared thermography (IRT) eye and beak surface temperatures, and 3) latency-to-lie (LTL) test times of birds tested individually and in groups of 5. Day-of-hatch male broiler chicks were placed into 6 pens (N = 120 chicks/pen). At 1 wk, pens were allocated to 3 light intensity treatments (2, 5, or 10 lux). At 4 wk, half of the birds from each pen were moved to a pen with wire flooring and the same light intensity. At 1, 4, 5, and 8 wk, blood samples were collected and IRT images of the heads of 5 clinically healthy broilers from each pen were captured. In study 2, IRT images of the heads of birds that became lame in the wire flooring pens were taken. There were no treatment effects on the LTL times of birds tested in groups or individually (P > 0.05). On day 56 in study 1, birds on wire flooring had elevated heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratios and CORT concentrations (P ≤ 0.002) and depressed IRT eye and beak temperatures (P < 0.0001). In both studies, there were negative correlations between CORT concentrations and IRT beak surface temperatures (P < 0.05). Lame birds had lower IRT eye and beak surface temperatures than sound birds (P ≤ 0.004), and the IRT beak surface temperatures of lame birds were lower than their eye surface temperatures (P = 0.004) in study 2. These studies indicate that the IRT surface temperatures of the eye, and more distinctly of the beak, can be used as sensitive noninvasive indicators of stress.

Tagar Artifacts at the Stavropol State Museum Reserve (G.N. Prozritelev’s Collection)

This article introduces 16 bronze weapons and horse harness items representing the Tagar culture (a dagger, ten knives, bits, a cheekpiece, an axe, a celt, and a mirror) from the Minusinsk Region, collected by G.N. Prozritelev in the early 1900s. The objective of this study is to describe them and to assess their chronology. The dagger and the three knives exemplify the animal style of500-300 BC. The cross-guard of the dagger is shaped like two oppositely facing bird heads separated by a spiral scroll. The pommels of the knives are decorated with figurines of a standing ram, a standing donkey, a ring, a roll, a drop-shaped slit, etc. The handles of two knives are decorated with a band consisting of oblique hatches, two rows of triangles, and a hoof sign. Based on the data, certain artifacts (the dagger, the knives, the cheekpiece, and the mirror) date to 600-300 BC. The axe, the celt, the bits, and possibly a massive knife with a bird’s head at the junction of the handle and blade may date to 700-500 (possibly even 800-500) BC. A considerable scatter of dates suggests that the artifacts come from different sites. They may have been part of a single hoard whose separate items span a chronological range between 700 or even 800 to 400 BC.

Reconstructing the Complex Evolutionary History of the Papuasian Schefflera Radiation Through Herbariomics.

With its large proportion of endemic taxa, complex geological past, and location at the confluence of the highly diverse Malesian and Australian floristic regions, Papuasia – the floristic region comprising the Bismarck Archipelago, New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands – represents an ideal natural experiment in plant biogeography. However, scattered knowledge of its flora and limited representation in herbaria have hindered our understanding of the drivers of its diversity. Focusing on the woody angiosperm genus Schefflera (Araliaceae), we ask whether its morphologically defined infrageneric groupings are monophyletic, when these lineages diverged, and where (within Papuasia or elsewhere) they diversified. To address these questions, we use a high-throughput sequencing approach (Hyb-Seq) which combines target capture (with an angiosperm-wide bait kit targeting 353 single-copy nuclear loci) and genome shotgun sequencing (which allows retrieval of regions in high-copy number, e.g., organellar DNA) of historical herbarium collections. To reconstruct the evolutionary history of the genus we reconstruct molecular phylogenies with Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood, and pseudo-coalescent approaches, and co-estimate divergence times and ancestral areas in a Bayesian framework. We find strong support for most infrageneric morphological groupings, as currently circumscribed, and we show the efficacy of the Angiosperms-353 probe kit in resolving both deep and shallow phylogenetic relationships. We infer a sequence of colonization to explain the present-day distribution of Schefflera in Papuasia: from the Sunda Shelf, Schefflera arrived to the Woodlark plate (present-day eastern New Guinea) in the late Oligocene (when most of New Guinea was submerged) and, subsequently (throughout the Miocene), it migrated westwards (to the Maoke and Bird’s Head Plates and thereon) and further diversified, in agreement with previous reconstructions.

MEARCSTAPA: Ten Years of Teratology

MEARCSTAPA: Ten Years of Teratology

Estimation of the Autumn Migration Pattern of Passerines within the SE European Flyway by Orientation Cage Tests

Abstract The general migration pattern of passerines can be estimated using a variety of methods. A number of partial analyses based on ringing data, usually limited to a few species, have been published. A very few continent-scale presentations have been offered, as extremely long periods of ringing activity are necessary for passerines. This is especially true for areas where the recovery rate is very low, including vast areas of north-eastern and eastern Europe and the Middle East/Africa. Similarly, radar and moon-watching studies are of limited value for drawing migration patterns within wider areas. Radar studies require good coverage by the radar systems, while weather radar distribution density and the level of evaluation are very uneven. Modern logger and satellite tracking are more applicable to non-passerines, and as yet enable detailed study only of limited numbers of individuals, and not population studies. At the end of the 20th century, a very simple tool was introduced for field studies on the preferred headings of individual birds caught for ringing, i.e. the use of flat orientation cages. This method was introduced as a standard within the SEEN (SE European Bird Migration Network) in 1995. This study presents a preliminary large-scale evaluation of the data collected within this project. The database used contains more than 43,000 orientation tests performed at 45 ringing sites. The area covered stretches from the northern part of western Russia to southern Egypt and from Italy and Poland to Siberia and Armenia. Eight streams of migration are identified within this area, creating a fairly complicated pattern of avian movements.

Determination of Grouper Species of Subfamily Epinephelinae from Raja Ampat (West Papua) Region Using CO1 Gene Sequence

The Raja Ampat Islands, located near the heart of the “Coral Triangle” on Bird's Head Peninsula, West Papua, Indonesia are well known for its outstanding biological diversity and stunning marine and terrestrial habitats. Groupers (family Serranidae) has included as part of the 5 largest families associated with coral reefs on the Bird’s Head region. The grouper identification was generally done on the basis of color patterns and morphological characters, but oftentimes these characters show intraspecific variations or differences in color patterns between juvenile and adult individuals. This study aims to confirm the type of grouper species that were obtained from the sport fishing activities around Raja Ampat Island. Species confirmation from subfamily of Epinephelinae determined by analyzing the number of differences of nucleotides and genetic distance on the sequence of the CO1 gene (Cytochrome oxidase subunit 1). A total of eight fish samples were successfully sequenced and aligned. Those samples consist of eight species belonging to the three genera namely Anyperodon, Epinephelus, and Cephalopolis.

Tertiary Sequence Stratigraphy of Bird Head Area, Eastern Indonesia

DOI: 10.17014/ijog.6.3.267-278 A long depositional period of Papua limestone called Kais Formation, which is overlain by clastic sediments of Steenkool Formation, reflects an interesting stratigraphic architecture in the West Papua region. Using seismic stratigraphic method of five stacking patterns, forestepping, downstepping, upstepping, backstepping, and seismic facies (parallel, prograding clinoform, channel fill, mounded) have been observed. Chronostratigraphic reconstruction was completed to figure out the depositional units in space and time. This study reveals the lowstand deposit during Early to Middle Eocene (LST), transgressive-highstand carbonate deposit during Middle Eocene to Middle Oligocene, and transgressive-highstand silisiclastic (TST-HST) deposit during Middle Miocene - Late Pliocene.

Is social coordination during escape flights a general phenomenon in birds?

AbstractEscape from predatory attack as a socially coordinated group is observed in many social animals, including birds, especially those in more open habitats where the group itself may be the only source of protection from an attacking predator. For many social birds, however, woody vegetative cover is the main refuge from attack, but such birds might nevertheless benefit from social coordination during escape flights to cover. Such benefits could reflect the confusion effect, selfish herd effect, or the simple dilution of risk. We examined this possibility of coordinated escape in mixed flocks of wintering passerellid sparrows (Passerellidae). These free‐living birds fed in a patch of food flanked on opposite sides by two refuges composed of woody cover. Under such conditions, coordination in escape behavior should be expressed as a tendency to escape together as a group to the same cover location. Such behavior, however, was not the rule. During spontaneous flushes to cover, a group of escaping birds stayed together only when one cover location was clearly closer than the other. With cover equidistant from the food patch, escaping flocks tended to split about evenly between cover locations. Birds in close proximity prior to an escape flight did not show enhanced escape coordination, nor did those feeding at significant distances from protective cover. Evidence of escape coordination was observed in small groups (two–four birds), but even in such groups, flock splitting during escape was generally the rule. Flock splitting during attacks might reflect some sort of strategic decision‐making process that lessens the risk of capture, but the most parsimonious explanation is that (all else equal) birds head for the nearest refuge, largely irrespective of the behavior of their flockmates. Our results thus provide little evidence of flock‐wide social coordination during escape flights in cover‐dependent birds.

Learning Rich Part Hierarchies with Progressive Attention Networks for Fine-Grained Image Recognition.

We investigate the localization of subtle yet discriminative parts for fine-grained image recognition. Based on the observation that such parts typically exist within a hierarchical structure (e.g., from a coarse-scale "head" to a fine-scale "eye" when recognizing bird species), we propose a novel progressive-attention convolutional neural network (PA-CNN) to progressively localize parts at multiple scales. The PA-CNN localizes parts in two steps, where a part proposal network (PPN) generates multiple local attention maps, and a part rectification network (PRN) learns part-specific features from each proposal and provides the PPN with refined part locations. This coupling of the PPN and PRN allows them to be optimized in a mutually reinforcing manner, leading to improved pinpointing of fine-grained parts. Moreover, the convolutional parameters for a PPN at a finer scale can be inherited from the PRN at a coarser scale, enabling a rich part hierarchy (e.g., eye and beak in a bird's head) to be learned in a stacked fashion. Case studies show that PA-CNN can precisely identify parts without using bounding box/part annotations. In addition, quantitative evaluations demonstrate that PA-CNN yields state-of-the-art performance in three challenging fine-grained recognition tasks. i.e., CUB-200-2011, FGVC-Aircraft, and Stanford Cars.

The Origin of the Little Brain on the Heart and Its Role in the Absence of Brain During Head Transplantation in Adults and Before Formation of Head in Embryos: Testing the Model in Birds and Chick Embryos

Recently, some authors have claimed that head transplantation is possible in human. The question arises that what is the fate of mind and voluntary decision during head transplantation? To response this question, we should accept the claim of other investigators for the existence of little brain on the heart. In this research, we propose some reasons for the emergence of this little brain before formation of head in chick embryos. We take it's radiate wave and show that it controls the process of formation of neural circuits and brain. In fact, the origin of the little brain is the DNA in initial stem cell. This DNA is constructed from various types of genes. For analyzing signals of each gene, one circuit should be emerged that receive signals, analyze and send responses. These circuits are formed from neurons. On the other hand, each of these genes emits several types of waves. To transmit these waves between cells, there should be several terminals or receiver in dendrite and axons of a neuron. Thus, total circuits and neurons of brain are formed by radiated waves from DNAs in initial stem cells. Also, some circuits of neurons are emerged around stem cells that form the little brain. In the absence of neurons in the early stages of chick embryos, most of the initial signals of initial DNA are transformed by blood molecules from heart to other cells and thus, the little brain is formed interior of the heart. We take radiated signals of the little brain on the hearts of birds during head transplantation. We show that after cutting heads of birds, this little brain enters directly in process of decision and manages voluntary behaviour. For this reason, birds without head, could open their wings, fly and jump the barriers. By connecting head to body, the little brain emits more signals to communicate with the brain interior of head.

Biomechanics of the peafowl's crest reveals frequencies tuned to social displays.

Feathers act as vibrotactile sensors that can detect mechanical stimuli during avian flight and tactile navigation, suggesting that they may also detect stimuli during social displays. In this study, we present the first measurements of the biomechanical properties of the feather crests found on the heads of birds, with an emphasis on those from the Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus). We show that in peafowl these crest feathers are coupled to filoplumes, small feathers known to function as mechanosensors. We also determined that airborne stimuli with the frequencies used during peafowl courtship and social displays couple efficiently via resonance to the vibrational response of their feather crests. Specifically, vibrational measurements showed that although different types of feathers have a wide range of fundamental resonant frequencies, peafowl crests are driven near-optimally by the shaking frequencies used by peacocks performing train-rattling displays. Peafowl crests were also driven to vibrate near resonance in a playback experiment that mimicked the effect of these mechanical sounds in the acoustic very near-field, reproducing the way peafowl displays are experienced at distances ≤ 1.5m in vivo. When peacock wing-shaking courtship behaviour was simulated in the laboratory, the resulting airflow excited measurable vibrations of crest feathers. These results demonstrate that peafowl crests have mechanical properties that allow them to respond to airborne stimuli at the frequencies typical of this species’ social displays. This suggests a new hypothesis that mechanosensory stimuli could complement acoustic and visual perception and/or proprioception of social displays in peafowl and other bird species. We suggest behavioral studies to explore these ideas and their functional implications.

Provenance of Cretaceous sandstones in the Banda Arc and their tectonic significance

The provenance of Cretaceous sandstones in the Banda Arc islands differs from west to east. Sandstones in Sumba and West Timor contain significant amounts of feldspar (K-feldspar and plagioclase) and lithic fragments, suggesting a recycled to magmatic arc origin. In comparison, East Timor and Tanimbar sandstones are quartz rich, and suggest a recycled origin and/or continental affinity. Heavy mineral assemblages in Sumba and West Timor indicate metamorphic and minor acidic igneous sources and include a mixture of rounded and angular zircon and tourmaline grains. In East Timor, Babar and Tanimbar, an ultimate origin from a mainly acid igneous and minor metamorphic source is interpreted, containing a mixture of rounded and angular zircon and tourmaline grains.Detrital zircon ages in all sandstones range from Archean to Mesozoic, but variations in age populations indicate local differences in source areas. Sumba and West Timor are characterised by zircon age peaks at 80–100 Ma, 200–240 Ma, 550 Ma, 1.2 Ga, 1.5 Ga and 1.8 Ma. East Timor and Tanimbar contain 80–100 Ma, 160–200 Ma, 240–280 Ma, 550 Ma and 1.5 Ga zircon peaks. Most populations are also common in Triassic and Jurassic formations along the Outer Banda Arc and in many other areas of SE Asia. However, the abundance of Jurassic and Cretaceous populations was unexpected. We interpret Cretaceous sandstones from Sumba, Timor and Tanimbar to have been deposited in SE Sundaland. Syn-sedimentary Cretaceous (68–140 Ma) sources are suggested to include the Schwaner Mountains in SW Borneo and Sumba. Material derived mainly from older recycled sediments that had their main sources in the Bird's Head, Western and Central Australia, and local sources close to Timor.

Designating Spatial Priorities for Marine Biodiversity Conservation in the Coral Triangle

To date, most Marine Protected Areas (MPA) have been designated on an ad hoc basis. However, a comprehensive regional and global network should be designed to be representative of all aspects of biodiversity, including populations, species, and biogenic habitats. A good exemplar would be the Coral Triangle (CT) because it is the most species rich area in the ocean but only 2% of its area is in any kind of MPA. Our analysis consisted of five different groups of layers of biodiversity features: biogenic habitat, species richness, species of special conservation concern, restricted range species, and areas of importance for sea turtles. We utilized the systematic conservation planning software Zonation as a decision-support tool to ensure representation of biodiversity features while balancing selection of protected areas based on the likelihood of threats. Our results indicated that the average representation of biodiversity features within the existing MPA system is currently about 5%. By systematically increasing MPA coverage to 10% of the total area of the CT, the average representation of biodiversity features within the MPA system would increase to over 37%. Marine areas in the Halmahera Sea, the outer island arc of the Banda Sea, the Sulu Archipelago, the Bismarck Archipelago, and the Malaita Islands were identified as priority areas for the designation of new MPAs. Moreover, we recommended that several existing MPAs be expanded to cover additional biodiversity features within their adjacent areas, including MPAs in Indonesia (e.g., in the Birds Head of Papua), the Philippines (e.g., in the northwestern part of the Sibuyan Sea), Malaysia (e.g., in the northern part of Sabah), Papua New Guinea (e.g., in the Milne Bay Province), and the Solomon Islands (e.g., around Santa Isabel Island). An MPA system that covered 30% of the CT would include 65% of the biodiversity features. That just two-thirds of biodiversity was represented by one-third of the study area supports calls for at least 30% of the ocean to be in no-fishing MPA. This assessment provides a blueprint for efficient gains in marine conservation through the extension of the current MPA system in the Coral Triangle region.

Phylogeography and population genomics of a lotic water beetle across a complex tropical landscape.

The habitat template concept applied to a freshwater system indicates that lotic species, or those which occupy permanent habitats along stream courses, are less dispersive than lentic species, or those that occur in more ephemeral aquatic habitats. Thus, populations of lotic species will be more structured than those of lentic species. Stream courses include both flowing water and small, stagnant microhabitats that can provide refuge when streams are low. Many species occur in these microhabitats but remain poorly studied. Here, we present population genetic data for one such species, the tropical diving beetle Exocelina manokwariensis (Dytiscidae), sampled from six localities along a ~300km transect across the Birds Head Peninsula of New Guinea. Molecular data from both mitochondrial (CO1 sequences) and nuclear (ddRAD loci) regions document fine-scale population structure across populations that are ~45km apart. Our results are concordant with previous phylogenetic and macroecological studies that applied the habitat template concept to aquatic systems. This study also illustrates that these diverse but mostly overlooked microhabitats are promising study systems in freshwater ecology and evolutionary biology. With the advent of next-generation sequencing, fine-scale population genomic studies are feasible for small nonmodel organisms to help illuminate the effect of habitat stability on species' natural history, population structure and geographic distribution.