Biotreatment Of Industrial Wastewater Research Articles

Biotreatment of Industrial Wastewater using Microalgae: A Tool for a Sustainable Bioeconomy.

Fresh water is one of the essential sources of life, and its requirement has increased in the past years due to population growth and industrialization. Industries use huge quantities of fresh water for their processes, and generate high quantities of wastewater rich in organic matter, nitrates, and phosphates. These effluents have contaminated the freshwater sources and there is a need to recycle this wastewater in an ecologically harmless manner. Microalgae use the nutrients in the wastewater as a medium for growth and the biomass produced are rich in nutrition that can cater growing food and energy needs. The primary and secondary metabolites of microalgae are utilized as biofuel and as active ingredients in cosmetics, animal feed, therapeutics, and pharmaceutical products. In this review, we explore food processing industries like dairy, meat, aquaculture, breweries, and their wastewater for the microalgal growth. Current treatment methods are expensive and energy demanding, which indirectly leads to higher greenhouse gas emissions. Microalgae acts as a potential biotreatment tool and mitigates carbon dioxide due to their high photosynthetic efficiency. This review aims to address the need to recycle wastewater generated from such industries and potentiality to use microalgae for biotreatment. This will help to build a circular bioeconomy by using wastewater as a valuable resource to produce valuable products.

Biotreatment of Industrial Wastewaters under Transient-State Conditions: Process Stability with Fluctuations of Organic Load, Substrates, Toxicants, and Environmental Parameters

Biotreatment of industrial wastewater is often challenged by operation under transient states with respect to organic loads, pollutants, and physical characteristics. Furthermore, the potential presence of inhibitory compounds requires careful monitoring and adequate process design. This review describes difficulties encountered in biological treatment of wastewater with highly variable influent characteristics. Typical design aspects of biological processes are presented and discussed with respect to their success in treating highly fluctuating wastewaters. In general, biomass retention is a key factor for dealing with highly fluctuating and/or inhibitory wastewater, but the how it operates also affects the stability of performance, as it was shown that dynamic operation instead of operation at a constant flow enhances biodegradation onset and more evenly distributed activity. Although ultimately stable effluent quality must be achieved, the microbial population stability is not necessarily high, as it was shown that microbial diversity and flexibility may play a critical role in functional stability.

Identification of novel denitrifying bacteria Stenotrophomonas sp. ZZ15 and Oceanimonas sp. YC13 and application for removal of nitrate from industrial wastewater

Two novel denitrifying bacteria were successfully isolated from industrial wastewater and soil samples. Using morphological, biochemical/biophysical and 16S rRNA gene analyses, these two bacteria were identified as Stenotrophomonas sp. ZZ15 and Oceanimonas sp. YC13, respectively. Both of these two bacteria showed efficient NO(3) (-)-N removing abilities under a semi-anaerobic condition without obvious accumulation of NO(2) (-)-N, N(2)O-N and NH(4) (+)-N. NO(3) (-)-N removal from paper mill wastewater was also successful by treatments with either a denitrifier or an immobilization method. Therefore, this study provides valuable denitrifying bacteria in biotreatment of industrial wastewater and other environmental pollution caused by NO(3) (-)/NO(2) (-).

Biotreatment of Industrial Wastewater by Selected Algal‐Bacterial Consortia

AbstractA new approach for remediation processes in highly polluted environments is presented. The efficiency of algal‐bacterial associations for the remediation of industrial wastewater of a pond in Samara, Russia, was investigated. After screening of algae and bacteria for the resistance to the wastewater the following strains were selected: the algal strains Chlorella sp. ES‐13, Chlorella sp. ES‐30, Scenedesmus obliquus ES‐55, several Stichococcus strains (ES‐19, ES‐85, ES‐86, ES‐87, ES‐88), and Phormidium sp. ES‐90 and the bacterial strains Rhodococcus sp. Ac‐1267, Kibdelosporangium aridum 754 as well as two unidentified bacterial strains (St‐1, St‐2) isolated from the collector pond. All the strains listed above were immobilized onto various solid carriers (capron fibers for algae; ceramics, capron and wood for bacteria) and used for biotreatment in a pilot installation. The results showed that the selected algae and bacteria formed stable consortia during the degradation of the waste, which was demonstrated for the first time for the green alga Stichococcus. Stichococcus and Phormidium cells attached to capron fibers with the help of slime and formed a matrix. This matrix fixed the bacteria and eukaryotic algae and prevented them from being washed off. A significant decrease in the content of the pollutants was observed: phenols were removed up to 85 %, anionic surface active substances (anionic SAS) up to 73 %, oil spills up to 96 %, copper up to 62 %, nickel up to 62 %, zinc up to 90 %, manganese up to 70 %, and iron up to 64 %. The reduction of the biological oxygen demand (BOD25) and the chemical oxygen demand COD amounted to 97 % and 51 %, respectively.