Biosynthesis Of AgNPs Research Articles

Investigation of biological activities of silver nanoparticles synthesis from the root extract of endemic Onosma mutabilis (O. mutabilis) Plant

Plant-mediated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesis appears to be reliable and environmentally friendly, requiring less energy, and cost. Various components present in its natural products can function as strong reducing and capping substrates, ensuring the stability of the resulting NPs. This study synthesized AgNPs with root extracts of O. mutabilis. The effect of many different synthesis parameters (such as silver ion concentration, temperature and reaction pH) of the obtained root extract on the synthesis of AgNPs was also examined. Furthermore, AgNPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), particle size measurement (Malvern Mastersizer) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The surface plasmon resonance band features of AgNPs were determined in the ultraviolet-visible absorbance spectrum at 410 nm. Total phenolic compound (TPC) determination was analyzed using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and TPC in AgNPs extracts was determined as 295 ± 0.02 mg GAEs/gr extract. The antioxidant activity of the AgNPs was examined using the 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity method. The synthesized AgNPs exhibited strong antioxidant activity. The antidiabetic activity was determined by measuring alpha-amylase inhibition by spectrophotometric method. α-amylase inhibition values were determined to be highest at 31%. The study was further elaborated for determining AgNPs antibacterial using MIC. The biosynthesized AgNPs showed effective antibacterial activity against the Acinetobacter baumannii (A.baumannii) bacteria.Suggests that green biosynthesized AgNPs can constitute an effective antioxidant, antidiabetic and antibacterial agent.

Silver nanoparticles coated with metabolites of Pseudomonas sp. N5.12 inhibit bacterial pathogens and fungal phytopathogens

The synthesis of nanomaterials from PGPB is an exciting approach and it’s often used in agriculture as nano-fertilizers and nano-pesticides. The present study reports a new approach to biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNP), using bacterial metabolites as agents to reduce Ag+, which will remain as coating agents able to prevent microbial growth. Silver NP were biosynthesized using the bacterial metabolites produced by the beneficial strain Pseudomonas sp. N5.12. Optimization of physicochemical parameters (temperature, pH, and AgNO3 concentration) for the synthesis of AgNP was carried out. In each condition, success on AgNP synthesis was determined by UV–Visible spectra showing peaks between 400 and 450 nm. TEM analysis showed that the AgNP are spherical in shape with an average particle size ranging from 13.75 ± 0.47 nm to 20.71 ± 0.43 nm, covered with a unique organic matter corona of bacterial metabolites. The best parameters for AgNP biosynthesis by Pseudomonas sp. N5.12 occurred with 24 h bacterial metabolites, temperature of 37 °C, pH 9 and a ratio of 2:4 (v: v; bacterial supernatant: 1 mM AgNO3). The biosynthesized AgNP inhibited growth of human pathogenic bacteria better than equivalent AgNO3 concentration. Growth of bacterial and fungal phytopathogens was also inhibited with striking effects on Alternaria sp. (74% inhibition) and Stemphylium sp. (52% inhibition), appearing as promising tools to biocontrol fungal diseases in agriculture.

Embedment of Biosynthesised Silver Nanoparticles in PolyNIPAAm/Chitosan Hydrogel for Development of Proactive Smart Textiles.

A smart viscose fabric with temperature and pH responsiveness and proactive antibacterial and UV protection was developed. PNCS (poly-(N-isopropylakrylamide)/chitosan) hydrogel was used as the carrier of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), synthesised in an environmentally friendly manner using AgNO3 and a sumac leaf extract. PNCS hydrogel and Ag NPs were applied to the viscose fabric by either in situ synthesis of Ag NPs on the surface of viscose fibres previously modified with PNCS hydrogel, or by the direct immobilisation of Ag NPs by the dehydration/hydration of the PNCS hydrogel with the nanodispersion of Ag NPs in the sumac leaf extract and subsequent application to the viscose fibres. Compared to the pre-functionalised PNCS application method, the in situ functionalisation imparted much higher concentration of Ag NPs on the fibres, colouring the samples brown to brown-green. These samples showed more than 90% reduction in the test bacteria E. coli and S. aureus and provided excellent UV protection. In this case, the PNCS hydrogel acted as a reservoir for Ag NPs, whose release was based on a diffusion-controlled mechanism. Despite the Ag NPs decreasing the responsiveness of the PNCS hydrogel, the moisture management was still preserved in the modified samples. Accordingly, the PNCS hydrogel is a suitable carrier for biosynthesized Ag NPs to tailor the protective smart surface of viscose fibres.

Clerodendrum japonicum (Thunb.) Sweet leaf extract supported nanosilver particles: Characterization, antioxidant and antibacterial activity

Silver nanoparticles have been synthesized in numerous ways, due to their diverse applications, including green procedures that used an extract of plants for the reduction of metal ions. This study delineates the green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from the leaf extract of Clerodendrum japonicum (Thunb.) Sweet (CJ) and assesses the antioxidant as well as antibacterial characteristics. The biosynthesis of AgNPs was accomplished by reacting the aqueous leaf extract of the plant with a solution of silver nitrate (AgNO3). The creation of AgNPs was indicated by the visual colour change of the reaction concoction from golden to deep brown and the absorption peak at 442 nanometer (nm) in the ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and the High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM) images have revealed the generated AgNPs as spherical and oblate in shape which is 20-40 nm in size, whereas X-Ray power Diffraction evaluation revealed the crystalline feature. The existence of functional groups of synthesized AgNPs was detected by the Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectrum. The synthesized AgNPs showed free radical scavenging activity using 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl assay with IC50 value, 7.02±1 μg/mL. The antibacterial assay showed an effective activity towards E. Coli and S. aureus by developing a well-defined zone of inhibition. The results of this study accentuate the biomedical potential of the above-mentioned plant, though further research is needed to implement it in clinical practice.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and chitosan-coated silver nanoparticles (CS-AgNPs) using Ferula gummosa Boiss. gum extract: A green nano drug for potential applications in medicine.

In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and chitosan-coated silver nanoparticles (CS-AgNPs) were synthesized in a green way using Ferula gummosa Boiss. gum extract. The as-prepared NPs were employed as efficient nanomaterials for developing antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer agents. The AgNPs and the CS-AgNPs were characterized using TEM, EDX, FESEM, UV-Vis, XRD, DLS, and FTIR. The UV-Vis spectra showed the surface plasmon resonance for the AgNPs in the visible range around 420 nm. Also, the TEM images indicated particle sizes ranging from 2 to 20 nm and 5-50 nm for the AgNPs and the CS-AgNPs, respectively. Cytotoxicity of the AgNPs and the CS-AgNPs was assessed through MTT and hemolysis assays on normal and cancer cell lines. The AgNPs and the CS-AgNPs demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. The antioxidant assays revealed substantial free radical scavenging activity, with CS-AgNPs exhibiting superior antioxidant properties. In addition, the hemolysis assay illustrated low hemolytic activity for the AgNPs and CS-AgNPs. Moreover, the MTT assay demonstrated a significant cytotoxic effect for the AgNPs and the CS-AgNPs on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. These results provide an effective strategy to prepare the biosynthesized AgNPs and the CS-AgNPs for future pharmaceutical applications.

Silver Nanoparticles from Duddingtonia flagrans: Evaluation of Potential Ovicidal Activity on Toxocara canis Eggs

The filtrate of the nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans produces silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with nematicidal potential. However, there are currently no reports of its activity against Toxocara canis eggs. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential ovicidal activity of AgNPs–D. flagrans on T. canis eggs. T. canis eggs were obtained from the dissection of the uterus of adult female nematodes. After the biosynthesis of AgNPs, two experimental assays (A and B) were performed. In assay A, the ovicidal activity of AgNPs on eggs was evaluated after 15 and 30 days of interaction. In assay B, the inhibition (development) of the eggs was measured after 30 days of interaction. The results of assay A showed that the AgNPs destroyed an average of 47% of the eggs tested by the end of the experiment, causing significant structural damage. In assay B, an inhibition rate of 88% was observed at the end of 30 days. The results of the ovicidal activity of AgNP–D. flagrans were promising and indicate the potential for future studies on these biomolecules with ovicidal properties.

Assessment of the Biocontrol Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by Trichoderma asperellum Against Infected Hordeum vulgare L. Germination.

This study investigated the biosynthesis, statistical optimization, characterization, and biocontrol activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) produced by newly isolated Trichoderma sp. The Trichoderma asperellum strain TA-3N was identified based on the ITS gene sequence, together with its phenotypic characteristics (GenBank accession number: OM321439). The color change from light yellow to brown after the incubation period indicates AgNPs biosynthesis. The UV spectrum revealed a single peak with the maximum absorption at 453 nm, indicating that T. asperellum produces AgNPs effectively. A Rotatable Central Composite Design (RCCD) was used to optimize the biosynthesis of AgNPs using the aqueous mycelial-free filtrate of T. asperellum. The optimal conditions for maximum AgNPs biosynthesis (156.02 µg/mL) were predicted theoretically using the desirability function tool and verified experimentally. The highest biosynthetic produced AgNPs by T. asperellum reached 160.3 µg/mL using AgNO3 concentration of 2 mM/mL, initial pH level of 6, incubation time of 60 h, and biomass weight of 6 g/100 mL water. SEM and TEM imaging revealed uniform spherical shape particles that varied in size between 8.17 and 17.74 nm. The synthesized AgNPs have a Zeta potential value of -9.51 mV. FTIR analysis provided insights into the surface composition of AgNPs, identifying various functional groups such as N-H, -OH, C-H, C=O, and the amide I bond in proteins. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assays demonstrated that AgNPs in combination with T. asperellum can mitigate the toxic effects of Fusarium oxysporum on barley. This intervention markedly enhanced cell division rates and decreased chromosomal irregularities. The results indicate that AgNPs synthesized by T. asperellum show the potential as an eco-friendly and efficient method for controlling plant diseases. Further studies are necessary to investigate their possible use in the agricultural sector.

Green synthesis of Brassica carinata microgreen silver nanoparticles, characterization, safety assessment, and antimicrobial activities

Nanotechnology has been a central focus of scientific investigation over the past decades owing to its versatile applications. The synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) through plant secondary metabolites is a cost-effective and eco-friendly approach. The present study employed Brassica carinata microgreen extracts (BCME) to promote the reduction of silver nitrate (AgNO3) salt into Brassica carinata microgreen silver nanoparticles (BCM-AgNPs). The physicochemical properties of the biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized through both spectroscopy and microscopy techniques. Furthermore, the antimicrobial property of the biosynthesized AgNPs was assessed against six selected pathogenic microorganisms, and finally, their safety was evaluated on a normal Vero cell line through an MTT cytotoxicity assay. The UV-visible spectrum revealed that BCM-AgNPs exhibited an absorption peak at 420 nm. The potential functional groups involved in the biosynthesis of AgNPs were identified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a spherical nature of the biosynthesized AgNPs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed the crystallinity of the AgNPs, averaging 34.68 nm in size. X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigation further confirmed the crystalline structure of the AgNPs. The zeta potential exhibited a significant value of − 22.5 ± 1.16 mV. Regarding the antimicrobial potential, BCM-AgNPs exhibited promising antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogens, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 62.5 µg/mL observed in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Further cytotoxicity assessment of BCM-AgNPs conducted on Vero cells demonstrated their safety. This study presents a novel approach to synthesizing AgNPs using a nutraceutical microgreen, offering a biocompatible and promising alternative for combating multi-drug resistance.

Green Fabrication of Silver Nanoparticles, Statistical Process Optimization, Characterization, and Molecular Docking Analysis of Their Antimicrobial Activities onto Cotton Fabrics.

Nanotechnological methods for creating multifunctional fabrics are attracting global interest. The incorporation of nanoparticles in the field of textiles enables the creation of multifunctional textiles exhibiting UV irradiation protection, antimicrobial properties, self-cleaning properties and photocatalytic. Nanomaterials-loaded textiles have many innovative applications in pharmaceuticals, sports, military the textile industry etc. This study details the biosynthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the aqueous mycelial-free filtrate of Aspergillus flavus. The formation of AgNPs was indicated by a brown color in the extracellular filtrate and confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy with a peak at 426 nm. The Box-Behnken design (BBD) is used to optimize the physicochemical parameters affecting AgNPs biosynthesis. The desirability function was employed to theoretically predict the optimal conditions for the biosynthesis of AgNPs, which were subsequently experimentally validated. Through the desirability function, the optimal conditions for the maximum predicted value for the biosynthesized AgNPs (235.72 µg/mL) have been identified as follows: incubation time (58.12 h), initial pH (7.99), AgNO3 concentration (4.84 mM/mL), and temperature (34.84 °C). Under these conditions, the highest experimental value of AgNPs biosynthesis was 247.53 µg/mL. Model validation confirmed the great accuracy of the model predictions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed spherical AgNPs measuring 8.93-19.11 nm, which was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Zeta potential analysis indicated a positive surface charge (+1.69 mV), implying good stability. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the crystalline nature, while energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) verified elemental silver (49.61%). FTIR findings indicate the presence of phenols, proteins, alkanes, alkenes, aliphatic and aromatic amines, and alkyl groups which play significant roles in the reduction, capping, and stabilization of AgNPs. Cotton fabrics embedded with AgNPs biosynthesized using the aqueous mycelial-free filtrate of Aspergillus flavus showed strong antimicrobial activity. The disc diffusion method revealed inhibition zones of 15, 12, and 17 mm against E. coli (Gram-negative), S. aureus (Gram-positive), and C. albicans (yeast), respectively. These fabrics have potential applications in protective clothing, packaging, and medical care. In silico modeling suggested that the predicted compound derived from AgNPs on cotton fabric could inhibit Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and Lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase (L-14α-DM), with binding energies of -4.7 and -5.2 Kcal/mol, respectively. Pharmacokinetic analysis and sensitizer prediction indicated that this compound merits further investigation.

Plant assisted synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Persicaria perfoliata (L.) for antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer properties

Persicaria perfoliata (L.) is an herbaceous medicinal plant belonging to the Polygonaceae family. The plant is distributed in Nepal, India, Japan, China, Russia, and Korea. The present study involved the analysis of plant secondary metabolites, synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using the plant, characterization, and exploration of antioxidant, antidiabetic, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activities. Among six different solvent extracts, the methanol extract displayed the highest total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of 68.61 ± 0.57 mg GAE/g and 40.69 ± 5.0 mg QE/g respectively. Ag NPs and hexane extract displayed the potential antioxidant activity of IC50 69.40 ± 0.13 and 144.50 ± 1.36 μg/mL in the DPPH assay. The α-amylase inhibition shown by an aqueous extract and the synthesized Ag NPs IC50 of 1188.83 ± 33.52 and 1369.30 ± 46.86 μg/mL respectively. In antibacterial activity, the highest ZOI of 16 mm was displayed by Ag NPs against Klebsiella pneumoniae followed by a ZOI of 11 mm for methanol extract against Shigella sonnei. Similarly, the lowest MIC and MBC of 0.78125 and 1.5625 mg/mL were recorded for both Ag NPs and methanol extract against Staphylococcus aureus. Aqueous extract and Ag NPs did not display significant toxicity against brine shrimp nauplii. Ag NPs displayed an IC50 of 251.86 ± 58.90 μg/mL against HeLa cell lines. Biosynthesized Ag NPs showed a distinct peak at 409 nm in UV–visible spectra. FTIR analysis revealed the involvement of different functional groups of the organic compounds present in plant extract as reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents in the synthesis of Ag NPs. XRD analysis confirmed the crystal structure of Ag NPs, whereas the average grain size of 44.28 nm was determined by FE-SEM analysis. EDX spectra established the elemental composition of Ag NPs. The present study shows the synthesized Ag NPs using plant extract impart the potential biological activities as compared to that of the crude extract.

Extracellular Biosynthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by Filamentous Fungi.

The green synthesis of metal nanoparticles has received substantial attention due to their applications in various domains. The aim of the study was to obtain silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by green synthesis with filamentous fungi, such as Cladosporium cladosporoides, Penicillium chrysogenum, and Purpureocillium lilacinum. Fungal species were grown on nutrient media and aqueous mycelium extracts were used to reduce Ag+ to Ag (0). The silver nanoparticles were analyzed by various techniques, such as UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Zeta potential. The formation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by UV-Vis spectroscopy and the color change of the mixture containing metal precursor and aqueous mycelium extract. FTIR displayed different functional groups as capping and reducing agents for the biosynthesis of AgNPs. SEM and TEM provided information on the particles' morphology. DLS diagrams indicated mean particle diameters in the 124-168 nm region. All biosynthesized AgNPs had negative zeta values, which is a sign of good stability. Silver nanoparticles were evaluated for antimicrobial activity, and the most active were those synthesized with metabolites from Cladosporium, leading to 93.75% inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus, 67.20% of Escherichia coli, and 69.56% of Candida albicans. With the highest microbial inhibition percentage and a very good Poly Dispersion Index (Pd I), Cladosporium cladosporoides was selected as an environmentally friendly source of silver nanoparticles that could be used as a potential antimicrobial agent.

A comparative study of the Anti-Diabetic effects of avocado seed extracts and biosynthesized silver nanoparticles in Alloxan-Induced diabetic Albino mice

In this research, a comparative study of the anti-diabetic effects of Avocado (Persea americana) seed extracts and biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in alloxan-induced diabetic albino mice was conducted. The animals were assigned into twenty-one groups of five animals each; the diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 150 mg/kg of the prepared alloxan monohydrate. After 15–25 days of using 7.5 mg/ml aqueous extract of P. americana seeds, it was found that blood sugar levels dropped significantly. In addition, over the 20–25 days treatment period, levels of blood sugar were reduced considerably when doses of 5.0 or 10 mg/ml of the aqueous extract were introduced. However, throughout this treatment period, animals injected with 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, or 10.0 mg/ml of P. americana seed aqueous extract showed a significant rise in weight. In addition, over 20–25 days of treatment, animals treated with 7.5 and 10.0 mg/ml P. americana seed alcoholic extract showed a substantial decrease in blood sugar levels. Over the 25 days of treatment, animals treated with 7.5 mg/ml P. americana seed in alcoholic extract also showed a noticeable rise in weight. On the other hand, the prepared Ag NPs were synthesized and characterized using color changes, UV–visible spectroscopy, SEM, and AFM analysis. A substantial reduction in blood sugar levels was noted with 2.5 mg/ml of biosynthesized Ag NPs, while mice weights significantly increased. The highest substantial reduction in glycaemia occurred by combining 7.5 mg/ml aqueous extract and 2.5 mg/ml biosynthesized Ag NPs, resulting in a high increase in animal weight across all combination concentrations. Regarding the interaction between combination concentrations and treatment periods, animals’ weight increased significantly in all combined concentrations during the 20–25 days compared to the control. Furthermore, an increase in LDL and VLDL concentrations was observed in the negative control group compared to the positive control and other treated groups.

Synthesis, characterization and photo catalytic activity of silver nano particle derived from Arachis hypogaea L. seed peel extracts

Abstract The study focuses on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Arachis hypogaea L. seed peel extract (AHSPE) and evaluates their photocatalytic activity against Rhodamine B and Congo Red dyes. The synthesis involved reducing aqueous silver metal ions with AHSPE, characterized by various techniques including UV–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and FT-Raman spectroscopy. UV–visible spectroscopy indicated characteristic absorption peaks at 428 and 439 nm, confirming the formation of AgNPs. XRD analysis revealed an average particle size of 4.77–5.6 nm. FT-IR spectra identified biomolecules such as amines, peptides, amides, lactones, and polyphenols in the extract, acting as reducing and capping agents, thereby stabilizing the AgNPs. SEM analysis showed pristine silver nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 1 to 10 µm. The biosynthesized AgNPs demonstrated strong photocatalytic activity in degrading Rhodamine B and Congo Red dyes. This method did not use any synthetic reagents, making it an environmentally safe and cost-effective alternative for synthesizing silver nanoparticles. The process aligns with green chemistry principles, offering potential applications in photocatalysis and environmental cleanup. The study underscores the importance of biosynthesized nanoparticles due to their unique biological properties and the role of plant secondary metabolites in facilitating green synthesis.

Nanomedicine potential of Cymbopogon citratus Linn. –Biogenic synthesized silver nanoparticles: A study on antimicrobial and anticancer efficacy

Green synthesis methods for making nanoparticles using plant extracts have gained considerable attention in recent years, particularly because of their potential applications in nanomedicine. Plant biosynthesized nanoparticles have shown noteworthy biomedical uses in comparison. The silver nanoparticle (AgNP) synthesized using extracts from the leaves and flowers of Cymbopogon citratus Linn was investigated for its antibacterial and anticancer properties. The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV–Vis, FTIR, DLS, EDX and SEM. The presence of alcohol, alkene, and phytochemicals in the AgNPs was confirmed using FTIR analysis. The investigation using SEM with EDX spectroscopy confirmed that the AgNPs were both pure and in the form of nanocrystals. Furthermore, AgNPs demonstrated significant antibacterial activity by efficiently suppressing bacterial growth. The biosynthesized AgNPs exhibited a concentration-dependent reduction in the lung cancer-A549 cell growth. The ethanolic extracts of C. citratus flower-synthesized AgNPs contain a wide range of phytochemical constituents. These components have been shown to effectively modulate antibacterial and anticancer activities, superior tothe effects of leaf extracts synthesized AgNPs. Consequently, additional research is required to investigate the potential biomedical applications of these biosynthesized AgNPs.

Antibacterial and Photocatalytic Applications of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus.

The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) presents an innovative and sustainable approach in nanotechnology with promising applications in fields such as medicine, food safety, and pharmacology. In this study, AgNPs were successfully synthesized using the probiotic strain Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (BCRC16000), addressing challenges related to stability, biocompatibility, and scalability that are common in conventional nanoparticle production methods. The formation of AgNPs was indicated by a color change from yellow to brown, and UV-visible spectrophotometry confirmed their presence with a characteristic absorption peak at 443 nm. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed the involvement of biomolecules in reducing silver ions, which suggests their role in stabilizing the nanoparticles. In addition, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) showed significant morphological and structural changes. At the same time, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential analyses provided valuable insights such as average size (199.7 nm), distribution, and stability, reporting a polydispersity index of 0.239 and a surface charge of -36.3 mV. Notably, the AgNPs demonstrated strong antibacterial activity and photocatalytic efficiency, underscoring their potential for environmental and biomedical applications. Therefore, this study highlights the effectiveness of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus in the biosynthesis of AgNPs, offering valuable antibacterial and photocatalytic properties with significant industrial and scientific implications.

The green formulation of silver nanoparticles for the anticancer and lupus nephritis treatment applications and reducing the inflammatory cytokines in the rat periodontal model

In this study, a novel bio-inspired synthesis for the preparation of Ag NPs by Calendula persica flower extract has been researched. Also, the effects of the recent composite on lupus nephritis by following the TGF-β1 signaling pathway in mice and gingival amounts of IL1-β and TNF-α in the animal periodontal model were determined. To assess the crystal nature, morphology and size of the prepared nanoparticles, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) and field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) analyses were applied in this study. The prepared Ag NPs was employed for its effectiveness against colon cancer cell line (C26). The bio-synthesized Ag NPs had also cytotoxic property versus colon cancer based on MTT protocol. Collectively, the Ag NPs fabricated by biological way has potential applications in inflammatory treatment. In lupus nephritis section, indexes in animal tissues and serum were identified using specific kits, while pathological alterations in the mice kidney were examined through H&E staining. Additionally, qPCR was employed to determine the expression related to TGF-β 1 in kidney, thereby providing further insight into the silver nanoparticles mechanism. The findings indicated that silver nanoparticles reduced the mRNA expression levels of TGF-β 1 and NF-κB in the kidneys, while simultaneously increasing the Mn-SOD and IκB-α expression. Histological examination of H&E-stained sections revealed that silver nanoparticles mitigated the morphological abnormalities of the glomeruli and the inflammatory infiltration associated with nephritis. Silver nanoparticles demonstrated an inhibitory effect on the dsDNA positive rate in animal suffering from nephritis. Silver nanoparticles were found to reduce the increase in urinary protein and the pro-inflammatory cytokines concentrations in both the kidney and serum. In the periodontal model study, 0-3 ligatures were applied to induce the inflammatory periodontitis in right mandibular first molar neck in rats. The levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL1-β, CINC-1, IL-10 and TNF-α) were determined by common immunological test, ELISA. The findings revealed that Ag NPs administration could decease the IL1-β and TNF-α production in the rat periodontal model gum tissue. In addition, the outcome of this research indicated that IL1-β and TNF-α levels raised in the rat periodontal model gum tissue compared to control group. Ag NPs increased the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and plasma bone alkaline phosphatase and reduced the IL1-β, TNF-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase and RANK genes mRNA expression. The results indicate that pre/post-treatment with Ag NPs because of its direct activity on pro-inflammatory cytokines inhibition improved the inflammatory symptoms in the periodontitis and lupus nephritis animals.

Luminescent Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesis Using Couroupita guianensis Flower Extract: Antibacterial and Anticancer Potential

ABSTRACTGreen synthesis of nanoparticles has become a significant area of research, driven by the demand for sustainable, economical, and environmentally friendly processes, particularly in biomedical applications. In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were produced using 10 g of Couroupita guianensis flower extract through a straightforward and environmentally friendly method. The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, SEM, and EDS techniques, confirming their successful formation and structural properties. The antibacterial efficacy of the AgNPs was assessed against Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes, achieving 99.5% inactivation for E. coli and 99.3% inactivation for L. monocytogenes after 120 min of visible light exposure. Additionally, the AgNPs showed notable anticancer effects against breast cancer cells (MDA‐MB‐231), displaying a dose‐dependent decrease in cell viability, with reductions of 15%, 30%, 72%, and 86% observed at concentrations of 25, 50, 75, and 100 μg/mL, respectively. The spherical morphology of the synthesized AgNPs contributed to enhanced interactions with bacterial and cancer cells, underpinning their effectiveness. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying these antibacterial and anticancer effects were analyzed, highlighting the unique phytochemical properties of the extract that assist in biosynthesis and activity enhancement. These findings suggest that green‐synthesized AgNPs derived from C. guianensis flower extract hold significant potential for use in biomedical applications, particularly in antibacterial and anticancer therapies.

Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Streptomyces variabilis MGR21: Characterization, Cytotoxicity and Photocatalytic Applications

The present work mainly focused on developing an eco-friendly, rapid methodology for synthesizing AgNPs using Streptomyces variabilis MGR21 and validating the synthesized AgNPs by UV–Vis spectroscopy which provides information about absorption spectra, FTIR for functional group determination, XRD for crystallinity determination, SEM, for size determination of the particles and X-ray nanotracking for purity. Similarly, the anti-proliferative effect of AgNPs against cultured L6 cell lines grown in the studies showed a view that the biosynthesis of AgNPs inhibits the growth of cancer cells as compared to the control cell line. UV-Vis absorption confirmed the presence of Ag Nps with a spectrum observed at 420 nm. Functional groups in synthesized Ag NPs are shifted to 3424.63 cm-1, confirmed using an FT-IR spectrum. Consequently, the anti-cancer efficacy for As Ag NPs against L6 cells was observed to have an IC50 value of 10.0 μg/mL for 48 h. Finally, in the AgNPs studies, photocatalytic degradation against the radioactive dye methylene blue was explored by a halogen lamp and resulted in a degradation rate of 92 percent in 90 minutes. The silver nanoparticles mediated by Streptomyces variabilis MGR21 exhibit improved photodegradation of methylene blue dye under solar light. Therefore, it has broad potential applications in the sphere of wastewater treatment. Overall, silver nanoparticles biosynthesized in the present study showed excellent cytotoxic, actinobacteriocidal and photocatalytic dye degradation effects.

Catalytic reduction, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using Coccinea grandies (L) Voigt leaf extract

In this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using the aqueous extract of Coccinia grandis (L) Voigt leaf (CGL) extract using microwave irradiation method and the structure was elucidated by various techniques such as UV–Visible spectroscopy, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The UV–visible spectroscopy confirmed the formation of AgNPs and SPR band appear at 420 nm. FT-IR analysis indicated the presence of –OH and –NH functional groups from secondary molecules of CGL capping the AgNPs surface. HR-TEM revealed spherical aggregates with an average size of 29.4 nm. EDX confirmed the presence of elemental silver. XRD analysis showed that the AgNPs had a face-cantered cubic (FCC) crystal structure. The CGL-AgNPs were used as a heterogeneous catalyst to reduce RhB and CR dyes from aqueous solutions in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH4). The results showed that greater than 95 % of catalytic reduction can be accomplished within 9 min. The biosynthesized AgNPs demonstrated notable antioxidant activity (82.89 % in the DPPH assay) and antibacterial activity with a Zone of inhibition ranging from 9 to 11 mm. These findings suggest that CGL can be used to synthesize new, cost-effective AgNPs using an environmentally friendly approach.

Antimicrobial, anticancer and photocatalytic dye degradation activities of silver nanoparticles phytosynthesized from Secamone emetica aqueous leaf extract

Secamone emetica (Family: Apocynaceae) is traditionally used for several ailments among indigenous people due to the bioactive components present in it. Nanomedicine has undergone impressive modifications and the development of new drugs with significant healthcare outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to green synthesize and characterize silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) using aqueous leaf extract of S. emetica, and to study their in vitro antimicrobial, anticancer and photocatalytic dye degradation activities. Various spectroscopic and microscopic analytical tools were used to characterize the Ag-NPs. Selective G+ve, G−ve bacteria and fungal species were used to test the Ag-NPs antibacterial and antifungal activity. Anticancer efficacy of the Ag-NPs was appraised by MTT test using MDA-MB 231 human breast cancer cells. Degradation of Rhodamine B dye by the Ag-NPs under visible light was assessed. The characterization studies confirmed the formation of Ag-NPs which were crystalline cubical symmetry with an average size of 26.69 nm. Dose dependent antimicrobial activity displayed a maximum zone of inhibition of 22.39 mm against E. coli followed by 21.28 mm against S. aureus at 100 µL/mL concentration of Ag-NPs. The IC50 value of synthesized Ag-NPs on MDA-MB 231 cell lines was 0.5 μg/mL. The Ag-NPs catalyst degraded 96 % of Rhodamine B dye in 150 min under visible light. Phytosynthesized Ag-NPs showed strong antimicrobial and anticancer properties and also revealed excellent dye degradation capacity. It is possible to further utilize the biosynthesized Ag-NPs as a possible source of antimicrobial, anticancer, and dye-degradation activities.