Biosorption Of Heavy Metal Ions Research Articles

Biosorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous effluents utilising snail shell dust as a biomaterial

Biosorption of heavy metal ions from aqueous effluents utilising snail shell dust as a biomaterial

A novel oyster shell biocomposite for the efficient adsorptive removal of cadmium and lead from aqueous solution: Synthesis, process optimization, modelling and mechanism studies.

This study highlights the effectiveness of oyster shell biocomposite for the biosorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from an aqueous solution. The aim of this work was to modify a novel biocomposite derived from oyster shell for the adsorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution. The studied revealed the specific surface BET surface area was 9.1476 m2/g. The elemental dispersive x-ray analysis (EDS) indicated that C, O, Ag, Ca were the predominant elements on the surface of the biocomposite after which metals ions of Cd and Pb were noticed after adsorption. The Fourier transform Irradiation (FT-IR) revealed the presence of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups on the surface. The effect of process variables on the adsorption capacity of the modified biocomposite was examined using the central composite design (CCD) of the response surface methodology (RSM). The process variables which include pH, adsorbent dose, the initial concentration and temperature were the most effective parameters influencing the uptake capacity. The optimal process conditions of these parameters were found to be pH, 5.57, adsorbent dose, 2.53 g/L, initial concentration, 46.76 mg/L and temperature 28.48°C for the biosorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution at a desirability coefficient of 1. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a high coefficient of determination (R2 > 0.91) and low probability coefficients for the responses (P < 0.05) which indicated the validity and aptness of the model for the biosorption of the metal ions. Experimental isotherm data fitted better to the Langmuir model and the kinetic data fitted better to the pseudo-second-order model. Maximun Cd(II) and Pb(II) adsorption capacities of the oyster shell biocomposite were 97.54 and 78.99 mg/g respectively and was obtained at pH 5.56 and 28.48°C. This investigation has provided the possibility of the utilization of alternative biocomposite as a sustainable approach for the biosorption of heavy metal ions from the wastewater stream.

Mechanism of heavy metal ion biosorption by microalgal cells: A mathematic approach

Microalgal biomasses have been established as promising biosorbents for biosorption to remove heavy metal ions (HMIs) from wastewaters and contaminated natural waterbodies. Understanding the mechanism is important for the development of cost-effective processes for large scale applications. In this paper, a simple mathematical model was proposed for the predication of biosorption capacity of HMI by microalgal cells based on single cell mass, cell size, and HMI radius. One fundamental assumption based on which this model was developed, i.e., the biosorption of HMI by microalgal cells is predominantly monolayer bio-adsorption, was established based on kinetic, isothermal, FTIR, and Pb(II) distribution data generated in this study and in literature. The model was validated using a combination of experimental and literature data as well, demonstrating its capability to provide reasonable estimations although with discrepancies. The biosorption capacities of HMIs (mmol/g) by Chlorella vulgaris were experimentally determined to be in the following order: Pb(II)(0.360)> Zn(II)(0.325)> Cu(II)(0.254)> Ni(II)(0.249)> Cd(II)(0.235)> Co(II)(0.182). We systematically investigated the deviations of the predicted biosorption capacities in term of the effects of a few important parameters that were unaccounted for in the model, including the nanostructures on cell surface, HMI electronegativity, and biosorption buffer pH. Results suggest that the nanostructures on cell wall, likely the hairlike fibers, might be the primary locations where the binding sites for HMI were housed. Furthermore, isothermal data, which is suported by the predictions of this model, indicate the each effective binding site on C. vulgaris cell surface could bind to more than one Co(II) in biosorption while each of the other five HMIs tested in this study required more than one binding sites.

Biosorption of heavy metal ions by the cell walls of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in their combined presence

By the stationary method ions biosorption Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cu(II) in di-and tri- ionic systems is studied. It is shown that the presence of extraneous ion in solution leads to a reduction (inhibition) of biosorbent sorption capacity. It is set that ion Pb (II) has the best adsorption capacity as in the case of individual ions, and in di- and tri-ionic systems. The explanation of this phenomenon from the point of the Lewis-Pearson theory of the nature of the specific binding of “hard” and “soft” ion-complex with the appropriate ligands - unctionally active groups of biopolymers budding fungi cell walls is given. It is offered that the relative electronegativity of the element on the Pauling scale can be an indicator of the relative sorption capacity of heavy metal ions.

Biosorption of heavy metal ions from the aqueous solutions using groundnut shell activated carbon: batch adsorption, kinetic and thermodynamic studies

&lt;p&gt;Batch adsorption studies of heavy metals were carried out using activated charcoal groundnut shell powder as an adsorbent material. The groundnut shell was collected and synthesized by chemical synthesis to convert it into charcoal form. The prepared adsorbent’s pore size &amp;amp; surface area was analyzed by BET surface analysis using N2 – adsorption &amp;amp; desorption process. XRD techniques analyzed the crystalline structure of charcoal adsorbent, and the functional groups &amp;amp; behaviour of the surface were analyzed through FTIR, SEM, and EDX analysis. The optimum adsorption parameters of pH, temperature, time of contact between adsorbent and adsorbate, groundnut shell dose, and metal ion concentrations were obtained from the batch studies, and the mass transfer mechanism and rate-controlling step was identified by isotherm and kinetic studies. Thermodynamic studies confirm the endothermic nature of the adsorption process between adsorbent and adsorbate, and the spent metal ions have been recovered using concentrated sulfuric acid.&lt;/p&gt;&#x0D;

Modeling the Biosorption Process of Heavy Metal Ions on Soybean-Based Low-Cost Biosorbents Using Artificial Neural Networks

Pollution of the environment with heavy metals requires finding solutions to eliminate them from aqueous flows. The current trends aim at exploiting the advantages of the adsorption operation, by using some low-cost sorbents from agricultural waste biomass, and with good retention capacity of some heavy metal ions. In this context, it is important to provide tools that allow the modeling and optimization of the process, in order to transpose the process to a higher operating scale of the biosorption process. This paper capitalizes on the results of previous research on the biosorption of heavy metal ions, namely Pb(II), Cd(II), and Zn(II) on soybean biomass and soybean waste biomass resulting from biofuels extraction process. The data were processed by applying a methodology based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and evolutionary algorithms (EAs) capable of evolving ANN parameters. EAs are represented in this paper by the Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm, and a simultaneous training and determination of the topology is performed. The resulting hybrid algorithm, hSADE-NN was applied to obtain optimal models for the biosorption process. The expected response of the system addresses biosorption capacity of the biosorbent (q, mg/g), the biosorption efficiency (E, %), as functions of input parameters: pH, biosorbent dose (DS, mg/g), the initial concentration of metal in the solution (c0, mg/L), contact time (tc, h), and temperature (T, °C). Models were developed for the two output variables, for each metal ion, finding a high degree of accuracy. Furthermore, the combinations of input parameters were found which can lead to an optimal output in terms of biosorption capacity and biosorption efficiency.

Synthesis of silver nanoplates using regenerated watermelon rind and their application

In the present study, shape controlled flat square shaped silver nanoplates (SNP’s) were synthesized using aqueous extract of watermelon rind which was regenerated after biosorption of heavy metal ions. The formation of silver nanoparticles was visually confirmed by change in color from yellow to brown and was further confirmed by absorption peak at 465 nm in UV–Visible spectrophotometer. Synthesized SNP’s were characterized using FTIR, XRPD and TEM analysis. TEM analysis revealed the formation of flat and square shaped SNP’s with size less than 50 nm. FTIR analysis further supported the reduction and binding of phytochemicals chemicals present in watermelon rind extract. These SNP’s were tested for the antimicrobial activity against both gram positive bacteria Micrococcus luteus (ATCC 10240) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213) , gram negative bacteria Salmonella typhi (ATCC 6539) and Klebsiella pneumonia (ATCC 13883). SNP’s showed good antimicrobial activity against these microbial cultures. The results suggest that regenerated watermelon rind has the capability to synthesize SNP’s with antimicrobial properties.

Effect of fungal pretreatment on Solanum nigrum L. leaves biomass aimed at the bioadsorption of heavy metals

Environmental degradation due to water pollution, air pollution and soil pollution has a detrimental effect and create ecological imbalance. These factors are also responsible for the large scale introduction of heavy metal ions into the environment. Conventional treatment methods for the removal of heavy metal ions are not so advantageous as these are highly expensive and also produces toxicant. Keeping this view in the mind, the present study was framed to determine the biosorption of heavy metal ions using Solanum nigrum L. leaf biomass alone and also with Aspergillus oryzae treated S. nigrum leaf biomass. Solanum nigrum L. leaf biomass was used as biosorbent for the biosorption of cobalt, copper, iron,lead and zinc.Unaided S. nigrum leaf biomass was the better absorbant of lead (Pb) whereas when inoculated with A. oryzae cobalt (Co) was more biosorbed than any other heavy metal. Overall, the results of the present study propose that the traditional plant S. nigrum could be used for the bioadsorption of heavy metals.

Biosorption of heavy metal ions on peel of Artocarpus nobilis fruit: 2. Improvement of biosorption capacities of Ni(II) through different modifications

Biosorption of heavy metal ions on peel of Artocarpus nobilis fruit: 2. Improvement of biosorption capacities of Ni(II) through different modifications

Fungal cell with artificial metal container for heavy metals biosorption: Equilibrium, kinetics study and mechanisms analysis

White-rot fungi show low-cost superiority as a promising biosorbent in heavy metal removal, but limited by its poor biosorption capacity. Herein, a novel biosorbent, functionalized Phanerochaete chrysosporium with intracellular mineral scaffold, was prepared for the biosorption of heavy metal ions. The functionalized fungi cells with intracellular mineral scaffold that serve as internal metal container exhibiting high biosorption efficiency for Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions. Adsorption isotherm models were employed to investigate the biosorption isotherm and determine the biosorption equilibrium. The Freundlich model shows better fit with the experimental data of both metal ions (R2=0.9866 and 0.9897 for Pb(II) and Cd(II) respectively). Three kinetic models, pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intra-particle diffusion models, were used to determine the biosorption kinetics. The pseudo-second-order model shows the better fit with the experimental data, and we suggests the rate-limiting step of the biosorption could be a chemisorption step which involves sharing or exchanging of electrons between adsorbent and adsorbate. Intra-particle diffusion model study result shows the biosorption process could be divided into three steps: a fast surface adsorption stage, a slow transfer stage from external to internal, and a stage of andante reaching equilibrium. The biosorption mechanism was carefully analyzed by various characterization methods.

Biosorption of heavy metal ions on peel of Artocarpus nobilis fruit: 1\u2014Ni(II) sorption under static and dynamic conditions

The peel of the edible fruit, Artocarpus nobilis, a plant endemic to Sri Lanka, shows remarkable adsorption capabilities toward Ni(II), a heavy metal ion. Removal efficiency of 50% obtained with air-dried particles (0.710 mm < d < 1.0 mm) of the above waste material under both static and dynamic conditions. It is enhanced to 71% after optimization of shaking time, settling time and processed temperature within a solution pH range of 4.0–7.0. Application of data on linearized Langmuir isotherm model shows a higher regression coefficient of 0.994, as compared to that of the Freundlich model, leading to the maximum adsorption capacity of 12,048 mg kg−1. The amount of biosorption of Ni(II) at equilibrium determined from the pseudo-first-order model is 2259 mg kg−1 which is in good agreement with the experimental value of 2348 mg kg−1. Removal efficiency further increases under dynamic conditions up to 93% by optimizing the packing bed height and flow rate. Application of dynamic adsorption models, namely Thomas, Adams–Bohart and Yoon–Nelson, shows attractive results with high regression coefficients. It is conclusively demonstrated that the peel of Artocarpus nobilis fruit can be used as an effective biosorbent for the removal of Ni(II) from wastewater.

Chemical characterization of alkali-soluble polysaccharides isolated from a Boletus edulis (Bull.) fruiting body and their potential for heavy metal biosorption

Wild mushrooms are gathered and consumed in many regions of the world. Edible mushrooms are a good source of valuable nutritious ingredients but they also are able to accumulate heavy metals from the environment. Participation of polysaccharide components of mushroom cell walls in biosorption is poorly understood, therefore, our investigations focussed on an alkali-soluble polysaccharide derived from the cell wall of Boletus edulis. Its chemical structure is described based on chemical analysis, GPC, NMR and FT-IR and other instrumental techniques. The polysaccharide contained mainly C-3 substituted α-d-glucose and α-d-mannose. The ratio between these components was 10:4. We postulate the polymer is a (1 → 3)-linked α-d-glucan decorated by α-(1 → 3)-d-mannose chains. The molecular mass of the polysaccharide was estimated at about 850 kDa. Biosorption of heavy metal ions (Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb) by the tested polymer was measured using AAS techniques. The polysaccharide has a high ability to accumulate lead and cadmium.

Passive biosorption of heavy metal ions to plant-derived materials: Investigations of responsible chemical interactions

Passive biosorption of heavy metal ions to plant-derived materials: Investigations of responsible chemical interactions

Secondary pollution of water during the biosorption of heavy metal ions by pristine and sugar beet shreds from bioethanol production

When biomaterials are used as adsorbents, some compounds present in their structure can be extracted and cause secondary pollution of the treated water. Depending on the type and amount of the secondary pollution, some materials can be unacceptable as adsorbents despite of their good adsorption capacity. Although, it is not a newly discovered phenomenon and it is recognized as a problem, leaching from adsorbents is neglected. The aim of our study is to investigate the secondary pollution of the water during the biosorption of heavy metal ions by pristine and modified sugar beet shreds from bioethanol production. The presence of different elements in the mentioned adsorbents, secondary pollution of the water during the adsorption of heavy metal ions and amount of reducing sugars in the water treated by pristine sugar beet shreds were characterized by the SEM-EDS method, the amount of the leached inorganic and organic matter from the adsorbents (atomic absorption spectroscopy and permanganate index) and Bertrand's method, respectively. Furthermore, the obtained results were compared to the available literature data. Our results showed that according to the valid regulations of emission limit values of the polluting substances in the water and adsorption capacity, the investigated adsorbents have a great potential as biosorbents for practical treatment of wastewaters which contain high concentrations of heavy metal ions.

Biosorption of heavy metals from aqueous solution by the novel biosorbent Pectobacterium sp. ND2

In this study, the biosorption of heavy metal ions such as Cd(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Pb(II), was investigated using a new bacterial species isolated from the soil of the industrial zone of Xuzhou city. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene showed that the bacteria were Pectobacterium sp., denoted as ND2. In order to optimize the conditions for the biosorption of heavy metal ions, the effects of various physico‐chemical parameters were assessed, including pH value, contact time, initial metal ion concentration, biosorbent dose, and temperature. Under the optimal condition, the maximum ion biosorption capacity (mg/g) of Pectobacterium sp. ND2 was ranked in the order of Cd(II)(44.9 mg/g) &gt; Cu(II)(38.6 mg/g) &gt; Zn(II)(34.2 mg/g) &gt; Pb(II)(31.2 mg/g). Both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to explain this adsorption phenomenon. The FTIR analysis of surface chemical functional groups of Pectobacterium sp. ND2, revealed the involvement of carboxyl, amino and phosphate groups in the adsorption process. In addition, adsorption–desorption studies indicated that 0.1M nitric acid is an efficient desorbent for Cd(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Pb(II) ions, with maximum recovery rates of more than 90%. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 968–974, 2018

Research into the biosorption process of heavy metal ions by the sediments from stations of biological iron removal

The article considers the possibility of using the sediments from stations of biological iron removal for the biosorption of heavy metal ions (IHMs) from both natural groundwaters and washing waters of enterprises with galvanic cycles. The processes of extracting Zn 2+ ions (up to 50 mg/dm 3 ), Cu 2+ (up to 16 mg/dm 3 ), Ni 2+ (up to 1.3 mg/dm 3 ), Cr 6+ (up to 2.0 mg/dm 3 ) on the bacterial structures of iron bacteria consortia and the optimal parameters of passing this process are determined (for washing waters pH=8.5–9.0). The influence of constant magnetic field with intensity of 20–60 mT, as well as the influence of different kinds of sediments from stations of biological iron removal on the efficiency of the process of removing IHM have been investigated. A significant percentage of the removal of IHM using calcined precipitate (98 % for Cu 2+ , 97 % for Zn 2+ , 85 % for Ni 2+ ) is due to the exoeffect that occurs at a wide temperature range of 200–400 oС. In this case, there is a smooth decrease in the mass of the sediment, indicating the combustion of the organic component and the crystallization of the amorphous phase. As a result, goethite (a-FeOOH) and lepidocrocyte (g-FeOOH) are converted into hematite (a-Fe 2 O 3 ) and magnetite (g-Fe 2 O 3 ), which have magnetic properties. When using as a reagent a fresh sediment, active involvement in the process of adsorption of heavy metal ions is carried out by biominerals, cells and polymer matrices of iron bacteria that have a crystalline structure and a large specific surface. At the same time, the effectiveness of removing IHMs was, respectively: for Cu 2+ 93 %; for Zn 2+ 92 %; for Ni 2+ 70 %. The efficiency of one-, two- and three-stage water purification schemes have been investigated. It was established that using the three-stage scheme with hydromechanical mixers and water alkalinization to pH 9.0, the efficiency of IHM removal was: for Cu 2+ up to 96 %; For Zn 2+ up to 99 %; for Ni 2+ up to 85 %. The X-ray spectral microanalysis of the sediment of the surface of the Gallioella bacterium case revealed the accumulation of IHM in the structure. The process of adsorption of IHM on the bacterial structures of consortia of iron bacteria due to their electrostatic bonding with both anionic surface of cell wall and with organic polymers isolated by cells of iron bacteria is substantiated.

Biosorption of heavy metal ions by chemically modified biomass of coastal seaweed community: Studies on phycoremediation system modeling and design

Biosorption of heavy metals by seaweeds (marine macroalgae) is a potential environmental biotechnology technique for biotreatment of industrial effluents. However, the co-application of biomasses of different seaweeds for bioremoval of these inorganic pollutants from aqueous phase is very limited. In this study, for the first time, a coastal seaweed community composed of Chaetomorpha sp., Polysiphonia sp., Ulva sp. and Cystoseira sp. species harvested from the north coast of Turkey was first treated with sodium hydroxide and then used as natural biosorbent material for the bioremediation of zinc-containing synthetic wastewater. Batch biosorption experiments were performed to optimize the conditions of environmental parameters (pH, biosorbent quantity, heavy metal concentration and contact time). The biosorption capacity of biosorbent for zinc ions was highly affected by the operating conditions. Kinetic studies showed that the biosorption process was multistep, fast and diffusion controlled. The pseudo-second-order rate model well described the biosorption kinetics. The equilibrium data of zinc biosorption fitted best with Sips isotherm model and the maximum biosorption capacity of biosorbent from this model was calculated as 115.198mgg−1. Thermodynamic parameters indicated that the biosorption process was physical and spontaneous. Besides, a single-stage batch biotreatment system was designed and the kinetic performance of this biosorption system was evaluated. The obtained results revealed that the prepared composite biosorbent could be used as efficient novel biosorbent for zinc removal from aqueous effluents.

Characterization of Strain Cupriavidus sp. ZSK and Its Biosorption of Heavy Metal Ions

Characterization of Strain <i>Cupriavidus</i> sp. ZSK and Its Biosorption of Heavy Metal Ions

Determination of diffusion parameters and biosorption of cadmium in aqueous solution using algae biomass

ABSTRACTThe objective behind this study is to investigate the phenomenon and kinetics of Cd(II) ion biosorption by the algae fibers, as well as the development of mathematical model that would describe the phenomenon of ions transport through porous algae. The results obtained have shown an inter-particle rate constant of diffusion Kint = 0.188 (mg·g−1·min−1/2), R2 = 0.999, and adsorption amount at equilibrium QSeq = 1.87 mg·g−1. These results indicated that the diffusion of ions existed in the porous algae. The proposed mathematical model is used to optimize the biosorption of heavy metal ions by connecting the model parameters with the fiber performances.

Biosorption of Heavy Metal Ions from Aqueous Solution on Chinese Fir Bark Modified by Sodium Hypochlorite

The oxidation conditions and adsorption ability of Cu (II), Cd (II), and Pb (II) from an aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite-oxidized fir bark powder were investigated. The optimum amount of NaClO was 9.6%, the pH was 9, and the oxidation time was 120 min. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out with various times, pH values, and initial metal ion concentrations. The adsorption isotherms and kinetics of adsorption were also studied. The maximum adsorption capacity of oxidized fir bark was 0.983, 1.223, and 0.966 mmol/g for Cu (II), Cd (II), and Pb (II), respectively, within 30 min at pH 5, higher adsorption capacity than that of unoxidized fir bark. The isothermal adsorption of heavy metal ions in aqueous solution was a good fit to the Langmuir equation, with a coefficient of determination, R2, above 0.99. The adsorption of fir bark on metal ions can be appropriately approximated by a pseudo-second order adsorption kinetics model. Results indicate that the fir bark powder modified with sodium hypochlorite can adsorb large amounts of metal ions and could be a good adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) from aqueous solution.