Biosorption Of Copper Ions Research Articles

Comparison of the bioaccumulation and biosorption of copper ions by Rhizopus delemar and Candida lipolytica

In this study, the bioaccumulation of Cu(II) ion by Rhizopus delemar and Candida lipolytica was investigated and the bioaccumulation and biosorption of Cu(II) ions by Candida lipolytica compared. The specific growth rate and the maximum microorganism concentration of both microorganisms increased with increasing initial molasses concentration whereas decreased with increasing initial Cu(II) ion concentrations up to 250 mg/L. Accoding to Monod equation, the maximum specific growth rate and saturation constant for C. lipolytica and R. delemar were determined as 0.335 h−1-32.330 g/L and 0.406 h−1-24.182 g/L, respectively. The bioaccumulation efficiencies of R. delemar and C. lipolytica were determined as 74.18% and 67.30% in the presence of 50 mg/L Cu(II), respectively. At pH 4.0, the maximum biosorption rate (4.72 mg/g min) and the biosorbed Cu(II) ion concentration (49.0 mg/L) were obtained for C. lipolytica and these values increased with increasing Cu(II) concentration. Cu(II) biosorption by C. lipolytica fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model and maximum adsorption capacity was found as 114.942 mg/g. The bioaccumulated Cu(II) was found to be 21.5 mg/g whereas the amounts of biosorbed Cu(II) were calculated as 53 mg/g by C. lipolytica at a concentration of 100 mg/L of Cu(II).

Raw Eggshell as an Adsorbent for Copper Ions Biosorption—Equilibrium, Kinetic, Thermodynamic and Process Optimization Studies

The study on the biosorption of copper ions using raw eggshells as an adsorbent is presented in this paper. The influence of different process parameters, such as: initial pH value of the solution, initial Cu2+ ions concentration, initial mass of the adsorbent, and stirring rate, on the biosorption capacity was evaluated. The SEM-EDS analysis was performed before and after the biosorption process. SEM micrographs indicate a change in the morphology of the sample after the biosorption process. The obtained EDS spectra indicated that K, Ca, and Mg were possibly exchanged with Cu2+ ions during the biosorption process. The equilibrium analysis showed that the Langmuir isotherm model best describes the experimental data. Four kinetic models were used to analyze the experimental data, and the results revealed that the pseudo-first order kinetic model is the best fit for the analyzed data. Calculated thermodynamic data indicated that the biosorption process is spontaneous, and that copper ions are possibly bound to the surface of the eggshells by chemisorption. The biosorption process was optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on the Box-Behnken Design (BBD), with the selected factors: adsorbent mass, initial metal ion concentration, and contact time.

Copper ions biosorption onto bean shells: Kinetics, equilibrium, and process optimization studies

The removal of copper ions from aqueous solutions using bean shells as an adsorbent is presented in this paper. The influence of the solution pH on the biosorption capacity was investigated. The biosorption capacity increased with the increase in the solution pH. The pseudo-second order kinetic model showed the best agreement with the analysed experimental data, indicating that chemisorption could be a possible way of binding the copper ions to the surface of the bean shells. The Langmuir isotherm model best fitted the analysed isotherm data. The SEM-EDS analysis was performed before and after the biosorption process. The change in the morphology of the sample after the biosorption process was evident, whereby K, Mg, Si and Ca were possibly exchanged with copper ions. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on the Box?Behnken design (BBD) was used to optimize the biosorption process, with the selected factors: the solution pH, initial copper ions concentration and contact time. The optimum biosorption conditions were determined to be: pH 3?4, initial copper ions concentration, 100 mg dm-3, and contact time, 10?30 min.

Screening of Spirulina strains for high copper adsorption capacity through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

Microalgae have emerged as promising biosorbents for the removal of toxic metals from industrial effluents due to the presence of various free functional groups. While the constitutes are distinct among different algal strains, it needs to screen the algae with high adsorption capacities for heavy metal ions by analyzing the algal components. In this study, a rapid and nondestructive Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) method combined PCA algorithm was used to discriminate algal strains according to their cellular components. With FTIR spectroscopy, we have found that the algal strains for high copper adsorption capacity (RH44, XS58, AH53, and RZ22) can be well differentiated from other strains via assessing the components involved in the biosorption of copper ions at the spectral window range of 1,200–900 cm−1 mainly attributed to polysaccharides. Correspondingly, the copper removal efficiency by different Spirulina strains was also measured by biochemical assay and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to confirm the screening result. Compared with the chemical measurement, the assessment based on spectral features appears fairly good in the evaluation and differentiation of copper adsorption capacity in various Spirulina strains. This study illustrates that FTIR spectroscopy may serve as a fast and effective tool to investigate the functional groups for copper ions binding in the Spirulina cell and it even offers a useful and accurate new approach to rapidly assess potential adsorbents for the high capacity of copper adsorption.

Biosorption of copper ions with olive pomace and walnut shell.

The removal of copper ions, from synthetic solutions, using walnut shell and olive pomace waste as biosorbents was studied. Synthetic copper solutions were used, and the contact time, initial pH, biosorbent dose, and initial concentration of copper ions were evaluated. The used particle size of both biosorbents was inferior to 600µm. In the elimination of copper ions, the walnut shell reached 88% (30min), and the olive pomace 86.5% (40min). The maximum removal of copper ions was at pH 5 with both biosorbents. The elimination of copper ions was constant with increasing doses of bio-sorbent; however, a decrease close to 90% in the biosorption capacity was determined, when the dose of biosorbent increased from 1 to 10g/L. The effect of the biosorption capacity increased proportionally with the initial concentration of copper ions; achieving biosorption of 8.3 and 12.9mg of Cu+2/g of biosorbent, with walnut shell and olive pomace, respectively. Both biosorbent allowed copper ions removal close to 90%; however, to the olive pomace was not necessary a size reduction and had a higher copper ions biosorption capacity than the walnut shell.

Microalgal and cyanobacterial strains used for the bio sorption of copper ions from soil and wastewater and their relative study

Heavy metals and other organic pollutants are the hazardous materials causing soil and water pollution, hence, bioremediation of these components is a matter of concern for environmental biotechnologists. Twenty one microalgal and cyanobacterial strains were evaluated for removal of copper from aqueous solutions and soil containing 10 ppm copper. 5 out of 21 strains have shown comparatively higher tolerance to copper stress. The biosorption capabilities of all the five strains were assessed using techniques like ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometers, scanning electron microscope (SEM), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and confocal Microscopy. It was found that the five selected strains could grow normally upon incubating with 20 ppm of Cu. Copper removal efficiencies of these microalgae (S. obliquus, A. braunii, C. fusca, L. JSC-1 and C. saccharophila in water were 99.9, 99.3, 97, 96.7, and 96%, while for soil was 73, 75, 71, 70, 68%, respectively. A minor leakage of nucleic acid and protein were detected with time. Furthermore, no any visible morphological changes were observed after six days of treatment, while minor changes were noticed after 12 days in water, and severe morphological deformations occurred after 24 days of bioremediation in soil. Our findings reveal that the selected microalgal strains have high potential for Cu bioremediation at certain concentration for 12 days exposure from water and 24 from soil.

Biosorption of copper ions through microalgae from piggery digestate: Optimization, kinetic, isotherm and mechanism

The remediation of heavy metal contaminated wastewater using microalgae has attracted more and more attention. In this study, the removal of copper (II) from piggery digestate by Desmodesmus sp. CHX1 was investigated. Results showed that the optimal conditions for copper (II) removal by Desmodesmus sp. CHX1 were pH of 6.00, microalgae inoculation concentration of 0.41 g/L and treatment time of 4 d, with the copper removal efficiency of 88.35%. The biosorption process of copper (II) by Desmodesmus sp. CHX1 under optimal conditions well followed the pseudo second order model, with the rate constant and the theoretical and experimental biosorption capacity of 0.15 mg/(L·h) and 0.85 mg/L, respectively. The isotherms adsorption of copper was described well by the Langmuir model, biosorption maybe dominated the adsorption process. The affinity of Cu2+ by functional groups in the microalgal cell walls was the main mechanism for copper removal by Desmodesmus sp. CHX1.

Modelling and efficiency evaluation of the continuous biosorption of Cu(II) and Cr(VI) from water by agricultural waste materials

As a result of intensive anthropogenic activities, population growth and unplanned urbanization, enormous quantities of organic and inorganic pollutants are discharged into the environment every year. The primary hazardous substances of concern regarding their environmental load and health effects are heavy metals. Heavy metal pollution of aquatic ecosystems, including resources of drinking water and water intended for food processing, has been of increasing interest. Biosorption technology is a promising strategy, as it utilizes industrial or agricultural wastes to remove metals from aqueous media passively, and they represent efficient, cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional adsorbents such as activated carbon. In this paper, the efficiency of biosorption of copper and chromium ions was examined using different agricultural waste biomass – sugar beet shreds, poplar sawdust and wheat straw. The possibility of applying a parallel sigmoidal (PS) model to describe the biosorption process was investigated to confirm its applicability to different types of biomass and various kinds of heavy metal ions. The results showed that the biosorption of copper ions using poplar sawdust and wheat straw consist of two steps. The moiety of one step in the overall process, defined by the parameter p, was determined to be 0.85 for poplar sawdust and 0.86 for wheat straw. These values, being less than 1, clearly indicate that the process consists of two simultaneous, kinetically different steps that shift in their dominance over the process and thus could be successfully modelled by the PS model. These studies also deal with the phenomenological examination of an unusual breakthrough curve obtained for the chromium ions biosorption by sugar beet shreds, by the comparative view of the process flow and changing the pH of the effluent. The clarification of the appearance of a double curve with a negative trend in one part allows adjusting the biosorption conditions to avoid the initial blockage of chromium ion binding to the adsorbent and thus increase the adsorption process efficiency.

Biosorption of copper ions from aqueous solution by Codium vermilara: Optimization, kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic studies

In this investigation, the efficiency of Codium vermilara for copper ions removal from aqueous solution was studied. Central Composite Design has been used for the Response Surface Methodology and has been found to be an effective method for investigating the influences of various variables and their interactions on the efficiency of Cu2+ ions removal. The interactive impacts of four variables: algal dose, pH, initial concentrations of copper and contact time on the copper removal efficiency were assessed. Algal dose 0.75 g/L, pH 5.28, contact time 70.51 min, and copper concentration 48.75 mg/L were found to be the conditions of optimum biosorption. The efficiency of copper removal was found to be 85.5% under these optimum conditions. Copper removal on the biomass of C. vermilara followed well the kinetics of pseudo-first-order, Elvoish and Intraparticle diffusion. Compared to the other models, Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm best suited the experimental data revealing that the adsorption mechanism was physical adsorption. Thermodynamic parameters exhibited non-spontaneous, randomness and endothermic biosorption of Cu2+ ions. Additionally, the biosorbent characterization was estimated by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared analysis. Thus, C. vermilara could be used as possible biosorbent for removing heavy metals and other pollutants from the environment.

An ecofriendly approach for bioremediation of contaminated water environment: Potential contribution of a coastal seaweed community to environmental improvement

ABSTRACTHigh levels of heavy metals like copper ions in many industrial based effluents lead to serious environmental and health problems. Biosorption is a potential environmental biotechnology approach for biotreatment of aquatic sites polluted with heavy metal ions. Seaweeds have received great attention for their high bioremediation potential in recent years. However, the co-application of marine macroalgae for removal of heavy metals from wastewater is very limited. Thus, for the first time in literature, a coastal seaweed community composed of Chaetomorpha sp., Polysiphonia sp., Ulva sp. and Cystoseira sp. species was applied to remove copper ions from synthetic aqueous medium in this study. The biosorption experiments in batch mode were conducted to examine the effects of operating variables including pH, biosorbent amount, metal ion concentration and contact time on the biosorption process. The biosorption behavior of biosorbent was described by various equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic models. The biosorption of copper ions was strongly influenced by the operating parameters. The results indicated that the equilibrium data of biosorption were best modeled by Sips isotherm model. The values of mean free energy of biosorption computed from Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm model and the standard Gibbs free energy change indicated a feasible, spontaneous and physical biotreatment system. The pseudo-second-order rate equation successfully defined the kinetic behavior of copper biosorption. The pore diffusion also played role in the control of biosorption process. The maximum copper uptake capacity of biosorbent was found to be greater than those of many other biosorbents. The obtained results revealed that this novel biosorbent could be a promising material for copper ion bioremediation implementations.

Biosorption of copper ions from aqueous solution using rape straw powders: Optimization, equilibrium and kinetic studies

In this paper, the adsorption behaviors of Cu(II) from the aqueous solution using rape straw powders were studied. The effects of initial Cu(II) concentration, pH range and absorbent dosage on the adsorption efficiency of Cu(II) by rape straw powder were investigated by Box-Behnken Design based on response surface methodology. The values of coefficient constant of the nonlinear models were 0.9997, 0.9984 and 0.9944 for removal Cu(II) from aqueous solution using rape straw shell, seed pods and straw pith core, respectively, which could navigate the design space for various factors on effects of biosorption Cu(II) from aqueous solution. The various factors of pH and biosorbents dosage were the key factors that affecting the removal efficiency of Cu(II) from aqueous solution. The biosorption equilibrium data presented its favorable monolayer adsorption Cu(II) onto shell, seed pods and straw pith core, respectively. The pseudo-second order kinetic model was the proper approach to determine the adsorption kinetics. The biosorption of Cu(II) onto surfaces of rape straw powders were confirmed and ion-exchanged in the adsorption process by energy dispersive spectrometer. The critical groups, —OH, —CH, —NH3+, —CH3, —NH and —C—O, exhibited by the infrared spectra results, changed to suggest that these groups played critical roles, especially —CH3 in the adsorption of copper ions onto rape straw powders. The study provided evidences that rape straw powders can be used for removing Cu(II) from aqueous water.

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN FOR THE OPTIMIZATION OF COPPER BIOSORPTION BY IMMOBILIZED NANOSCALE Lentinus edodes

An experimental design methodology was applied to study the copper removal from aqueous solutions by immobilized nanoscale Lentinus edodes. The effect of the various variables (biomass loading, initial metal ions concentration, PH, contact time, agitation speed and temperature) were studied in the batch experiment. The results showed that pH, contact time and agitation speed were the most significant variables on biosorption of copper ions determined by Minimum Run Equireplicated Res V Design. Then Central Composite Design was employed to optimize the process conditions for the maximum removal of copper. A maximum copper removal (97.57%) was found to occur under pH of 6 and contact time of 540 min and agitation speed of 125 rpm. The kinetic data agreed well with the pseudo-second-order model and the equilibrium sorption data followed the Freundlich model. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) analysis confirmed the apparent change of the surface morphology and the existence of copper ions on the biosorbent after metal binding. The biosorbent could be regenerated by 1M HN03 with only 8.66% decrease in adsorption capacity and the desorption of the biosorbent was of high percentage after three adsorption-desorption cycles. The present work suggests that immobilized nanoscale Lentinus edodes, an abundant low-cost biomaterial, was an efficient biosorbent for copper removal from wastewater.

Mechanism of biosorption of Pb (ii) and Cu (ii) ions using dead biomass of Fusarium equiseti strain UMAS and Penicillium citrinum strain UMAS B2

Filamentous fungi such as Fusarium equiseti KR706303 and Penicillium citrinum KR706304 are capable of sequestering heavy metals from aqueous solutions. In the present study, the role play by various functional groups present in the cell wall of F. equiseti KR706303 and P. citrinum KR706304 during lead and copper ions biosorption was investigated. The fungal biomass was chemically treated to modify the functional groups present in their cell wall. These modifications were studied through biosorption experiments. It was found that an esterification of the carboxyl and phosphate groups, methylation of the amine groups and extraction of lipids significantly decrease the biosorption of both lead and copper ions studied. Therefore, the carbonyl, hydroxyl and amide groups were recognized as important in the biosorption of metal ions by the tested fungi. The study showed that there was no release of any metal ions from the biomass after biosorption, indicating that ion exchange may not be a key mechanism in the biosorption of lead and copper ions by these fungi but complexation of metal ions within the fungal cell wall.

Biosorption of Copper Ions from Aqueous Solution by Flammulina velutipes Spent Substrate

To remove heavy metals from aqueous solution and reclaim valuable materials from mushroom byproducts, Flammulina velutipes spent substrate (FVSS) was developed as a novel biosorbent for copper ion removal. Batch experiments demonstrated that ion removal was pH-, biosorbent dosage- and initial metal concentration dependent. The maximum removal capacity of 15.56 mg/g was achieved at pH 6.0 with a biomass dosage of 3.0 g/L and initial copper ion concentration of 50 mg/L. The adsorption data were in compliance with the Langmuir isotherm and a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic studies revealed the biosorption process was endothermic, random, and spontaneous. FT-IR spectral analysis confirmed that hydroxyl, amino, carbonyl, and phosphate groups on the biosorbent surface were involved in the biosorption. The uneven surface and porous structure of the biosorbent was propitious for quickly capturing the metal ions from aqueous solution. EDX spectra revealed that the copper ions were loaded on the surface of the biosorbent. XRD patterns showed the formation of copper-containing compounds.

Characterization of Acidosasa edulis shoot shell and its biosorption of copper ions from aqueous solution

The Acidosasa edulis shoot shell (AESS) was used to remove Cu2+ from water for the first time. The biosorbent was characterized by acid–base titration, point zero charge determination, SEM, XRD and FTIR. The effects of operation parameters were studied. Kinetics data were best described by pseudo-second-order model. The equilibrium data of biosorption were best described by Langmuir isotherm model. The calculated thermodynamic parameters indicated that the biosorption was endothermic and spontaneous. Mechanism analysis indicated that biosorption of Cu2+ mainly occurred in the amorphous region of AESS. Phenolic sites and carboxyl sites in the amorphous region of AESS were mainly responsible for the biosorption. Phenolic sites formed complex with Cu2+, while carboxyl sites exchanged H+ with Cu2+ by ion-exchange mechanism. The results revealed that AESS could be used as an effective and low-cost biosorbent for Cu2+ removal from aqueous solutions.

Biosorption of copper ions using rhizoplane bacterial isolates isolated from Eicchornia crassipes ((Mart.) solms) with kinetic studies

Biosorption of Cu ions from the aqueous solution was studied with Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus cereus, isolated from rhizoplane region of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) using pure culture technique. The effect of contact time (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 h), pH (3, 5, 7, and 9), temperature (25, 37, and 45°C), and initial concentrations of Cu ions (50–1500 mg l−1) on biosorption was investigated in batch systems. Better amount of biosorption of Cu ions (500 mg l−1) from the tested biosorbents was found to be 84.8% by P. putida and 83.8% by B. cereus at pH 7. The biosorbed Cu ions by P. putida and B. cereus were 420 and 415 mg l−1, respectively, at 500 mg l−1 of Cu ion concentration. The results of pseudo-second-order kinetics were considered as the most appropriate model which predicted the biosorption capacity of both the bacterial isolates with comparison to the experimental results. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to evaluate the experimental data and their constants were derived. From the data analysis, Freundlich isotherm was fitted well followed by Langmuir isotherm model.

Biosorption of copper ions from aqueous solutions by Spirulina platensis biomass

In this study, the economically important micro-alga (cyanobacterium) Spirulina platensis was used as biosorbent for the removal of copper from aqueous solutions. The cyanobacterium was exposed to various concentrations of copper and adsorption of copper by the biomass was evaluated under different conditions that included pH, contact time, temperature, concentration of adsorbate and the concentration of dry biomass. Increased adsorption of copper by the non-living biomass was recorded with gradually increasing pH, and a maximal uptake by the biomass was observed at pH 7. The adsorption of copper was found to increase gradually along with decrease in biomass concentration. Biosorption was found to be at a maximum (90.6%), in a solution containing 100mg copper/L, at pH 7, with 0.050g dry biomass and at 37°C with 90min of contact time. Analysis of the spectrum obtained with atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS), indicated that the adsorbent has a great potential to remove copper from aqueous media contributing to an eco-friendly technology for efficient bioremediation in the natural environment.

Copper Biosorption by Spent Coffee Ground: Equilibrium, Kinetics, and Mechanism

AbstractThe potential use of spent coffee ground (SCG) for the removal of copper has been investigated as a low‐cost adsorbent for the biosorption of heavy metals. Adsorption batch experiments were conducted to determine isotherms and kinetics. The biosorption equilibrium data were found to fit well the Freundlich model and an experimental maximum biosorption capacity of copper ions 0.214 mmol/g was achieved. The biosorption kinetics of SCG was studied at different adsorbate concentrations (0.1–1.0 mM) and stirring speeds (100–400/min). The results showed an increase in the copper ion uptake with raising the initial metal concentration and the kinetic data followed the pseudo‐second order rate expression. The effect of stirring speed was a significant factor for the external mass transfer resistance at 100/min and coefficients were estimated by the Mathews and Weber model. Biosorption of copper ions onto SCG was observed to be related mainly with the release of calcium and hydrogen ions suggesting that biosorption performance by SCG can be attributed to ion‐exchange mechanism with calcium and hydrogen ions neutralizing the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups of the biomass.

Biosorption of copper ions from aqueous solutions using the desert tree Acacia raddiana

Biosorption of heavy metals from aqueous solutions is a relatively new technology for the treatment of industrial wastewater, which utilize naturally occurring biomass derived from waste materials. Desert tree Acacia raddiana bark was evaluated as a new biosorbent for removal of copper ions from aqueous solution. Effect of operating conditions, like initial metal concentration, pH and temperature, on copper biosorption were investigated. The process of biosorption has nearly reached equilibrium in 04 hours and the maximum copper cations biosorption capacity of Acacia raddiana bark obtained was 82.63 mg/g at pH 5 and temperature around 25–30°C. The relation between the chemical composition of the bark part of this desert tree and the percent of adsorption for copper ion was examined.

Biosorption of Copper Ions by Bacillus cereus M1 16 from Aqueous Solution

The severity of heavy metal contamination and its potential adverse health impact on the public has led to tremendous efforts being made to purify water containing toxic metal ions. Biosorption is presented as an alternative to traditional physicochemical means for removing toxic metals from ground water and wastewater. Removal of copper from solution was studied using growing cells and washed cells of Bacillus cereus M 1 16. Optimum process conditions for maximum biosorption (73.3%) of Cu (II) ions using growing cells were – volume of medium: 50 ml in a 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask; temperature: 30!'C; pH: 6.0; fermentation time: 24 h; inoculum size (24 h cell growth): 3%; initial metal ion concentration: 75 mg/L. Removal of copper using washed cells of the selected strain was investigated in batch mode and equilibrium was attained within 180 min at 30!'C, pH 3.5 when initial metal ion concentration was 100 mg/L using 8.18 g/L biomass (dry weight) in 50 ml saline in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask. Both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were tested and it was found that the former had a better fit with the data.