Biosensor For Detection Of Glucose Research Articles

Ultrasmall platinum nanoclusters densely immobilized on hairy metal organic framework for nonenzymatic glucose detection

Rational design of non-enzymatic nanomaterials that possess the similar functions to natural enzymes holds great promise in chemical and biological molecule detection. In this work, a non-enzymatic electrochemical biosensor for detection of glucose was developed based on poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP) grafted UiO-66 metal organic framework decorated with ultrafine platinum nanoclusters (PtNCs). The as-fabricated UiO-66-g-P2VP/PtNCs nanocomposite was then placed on an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode to construct non-enzymatic glucose biosensor for electrochemical detection of glucose in alkaline electrolyte. The resulting UiO-66-g-P2VP/PtNCs/ITO modified electrode showed two linear responses over glucose concentration ranging of 0.01–5 mM and 5–18 mM with a low detection limit of 2.18 μM (S/N = 3). Moreover, the UiO-66-g-P2VP/PtNCs/ITO serving as an electrochemical biosensor was successfully applied to the rapid determination of glucose in human serum sample with a desirable result. Our findings pave the way for design and development of a promising artificial enzyme for the construction of high performance sensing platform.

Improvement of cavity plasmon resonance in high-sensitivity MIM nanostructure with rectangular air stubs inside the hexagonal-ring resonator

In this research work, ‘the cavity plasmon multi-mode resonance-based refractive index sensor with ultra-high sensitivity’ is presented. The proposed sensor is the metal-insulator-metal nanostructure including the bus waveguide coupled to the hexagonal-ring resonator with rectangular air stubs. The transmittance properties, electric field profile, and magnetic field profile are investigated theoretically and numerically for three types of resonator structures by using the finite-difference time-domain method. Adding the air stubs to the ring resonator structure improves the light–matter interaction and effects of cavity plasmon resonances. Also, the combination of a hexagonal ring structure with rectangular air stubs provides a structure with unique optical properties. These optical properties significantly improve the intensity of the electromagnetic field and provide a sensor with ultra-high sensitivity and high selectivity (Δn = 0.002). The high sensitivity of 1725.5 nm RIU−1, 344 5 nm RIU−1, and 5770 nm RIU−1 was achieved for mode 1, mode 2, and mode 3 of 6-stub resonator (case 3), respectively. The results show that case 3 enhances the maximum sensitivity by about 8% for none-stub resonator (case 1) and 91% for 2-stub resonator (case 2). The figure of merit is 30.8 RIU−1 in mode 1, 74.9 RIU−1 in mode 2, and 58.6 RIU−1 in mode 3. The presented sensor can be used as a biosensor for glucose detection.

Reduced Graphene Oxide-Coated Silica Nanospheres as Flexible Enzymatic Biosensors for Detection of Glucose in Sweat

Noninvasive flexible electrochemical sensors for body fluid analysis are subject to strict requirements for sensitivity and detection limit. In this work, a three-dimensional (3D) flexible biosenso...

Glucose Biosensor Based on Glucose Oxidase-Horseradish Peroxidase/Multiporous Tin Oxide (SnO₂) Modified Electrode.

The fabrication of a network of glucose oxidase-horseradish peroxidase/tin oxide (GOx-HRP/SnO₂), immobilized onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and its utilization as a biosensor for glucose detection is reported. The network established with GOx-HRP/SnO₂ possess high sensitivity and stability by performing the electrocatalytic features in the sensing of glucose. The turbidity of fabrication had been scanned and analyzed using UV-vis spectroscopy. The morphology and composition of the fabricated GOx-HRP/SnO₂ networks were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cyclic voltammetry and amperometry were employed to study the electrochemical properties of the proposed biosensor. The effect of applied electrode potential and pH were systemically investigated. The biosensor responds to glucose at work potential values between -400 mV, and exhibited a lower detection limit (0.025 mM) and long linear range (0.25 to 7.0 mM), and was resistant to common interferences.

Gold nanostructure-programmed flexible electrochemical biosensor for detection of glucose and lactate in sweat

Flexible electrochemical biosensors used for sweat analysis have aroused great interests in the field of intelligent instruments. Due to the complexity of body fluids, development of ultrasensitive and miniaturized sensors for analysis of sweat is always challengeable. In this research, we fabricate a sensitive and flexible sensor for real-time monitoring of glucose and lactate in sweat at micromolar level and millimolar level by using gold nanopine needles (AuNNs) as the signal amplification strategy. A flexible chip with gold electrode arrays was fabricated in a standard semi-conductor laboratory. AuNNs were deposited on the working electrode by electrochemical deposition method. Enzyme immobilization was carried out on the electrode surface via a cross-linker poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidylether (PEGDE), which is an important component of redox hydrogels capable of retaining the activity of the enzyme to a greater extent than other linkers like glutaraldehyde. The catalytic behavior of AuNNs under different conditions was investigated. The as-fabricated electrochemical sweat biosensor was found to achieve low detection limit down to 7 μmol L −1 for glucose, 54 μmol L −1 for lactate, respectively. The sensor also exhibited great selectivity, reproducibility and stability. In addition, human sweat samples were analyzed by the sensor, indicating its potential applications in determination of glucose and lactate as a wearable skin sensor. • A flexible electrochemical sensor is fabricated. • Au nanostructure is utilized for signal amplification. • Both glucose and lactate in sweat are detected. • High sensitivity is achieved due to Au nanostructure. • The developed sensor shows satisfactory selectivity.

(Invited) Plasmon Enhanced IR Spectroscopy and Electrochemistry

The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) arises from the collective oscillation of conduction electrons of metal nanostructures which can be used to monitor recognition events of biomolecules at single nanoparticles1. The enhanced electric field around the nanostructures due to LSPR will significantly enhance the Raman scattering, fluorescence and IR spectra, which enable the realization of single molecule detection. In addition, the LSPR will excite high-energy electron-hole pair (referred to as “hot electrons” and “hot holes”) emerging on metal surface. The energetic charges will considerably affect the electrochemical reactions occurring at the nanoparticles. When the plasmonic metallic nanostructures are coupled to other substrates, for example, the semiconductor (i.e., TiO2, MoS2), the plasmon-excited hot electron-hole at nanoparticle surface can communicate with the conductance and valence bands of the semiconductors, resulting in variation in electro/photocatalytic activity. In this talk, we will start with the LSPR enhanced IR for biosensing.1 Then, we will show how the LSPR accelerates electrochemical reactions of electroactive biomolecules such as glucose on gold nanoparticles and hydrogen evolution reaction at molybdenum disulphide nanosheets.2 Based on the plasmonics accelerated electrochemical reactions (PAER), high sensitive electrochemical biosensors for detection of glucose and other electroactive biomolecules have been constructed.

Deposition of an ultra-thin polyaniline coating on a TiO2 surface by vapor phase polymerization for electrochemical glucose sensing and photocatalytic degradation.

Here, we have synthesized an ultra-thin coating of polyaniline on a TiO2 nanoparticle surface (PANI–TiO2) using a simple vapor phase polymerization method. By this method, an ultra-thin layer of PANI is obtained selectively on the TiO2 surface. This ultra-thin coating exhibits the properties of both the parent materials due to the composite surface causing an effective synergistic effect. SEM, TEM, and EDX studies and elemental mapping confirmed the formation of ultra-thin films on the TiO2 surface. TGA, UV/Vis and XRD studies were also done for further characterization. The composite has been used as a biosensor for glucose detection by immobilization of the enzyme glucose oxidase (GOx). Cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and amperometry studies were performed for glucose sensing. The linear range was observed from 20 to 140 μM glucose concentration from the amperometric analysis. The LOD of the biosensor was found to be 5.33 μM. The composite has also been used for photocatalytic degradation of the cationic dye Rhodamine B (RB). The order of degradation efficiency of RB is found to be PANI < TiO2 < PANI–TiO2. The synergetic effect of PANI and TiO2 is the reason for the enhanced degradation efficiency of the composite PANI–TiO2.

Easy and Low-cost Chitosan Cryogel-based Colorimetric Biosensor for Detection of Glucose

A colorimetric biosensor for glucose detection has been studied based on chitosan cryogel supporting material for enzyme immobilization. The detection was based on the glucose conversion to hydrogen peroxide by glucose oxidase, then a titanium(IV) oxysulfate was used to measure hydrogen peroxide, indicated by the formation of yellow color. The color change with the concentration was then recorded by a commercial scanner and analyzed using an ImageJ software. The fabricated biosensor allows to easily prepare by in-tips enzyme immobilization with user-friendly operating using micropipette by the suck-hold-release method for the determination of glucose. Enzyme immobilization has been optimized including the amount of enzyme and the reaction time. The biosensor showed a high operational stability for up to 56 measurements using a single immobilized enzyme, with a wide linear range (0.3 to 3.0 mM glucose), high specificity, and also agreed with the standard method used in hospitals to detect blood glucose (the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, P > 0.05).

Electrochemical Detection of Glucose by Using Glucose Oxidase Modified Platinum Electrode

In this research, the cysteamine self-assembled monolayers (SAM), is required to modify surface of pt electrode. Now, by using the method of chemical binding and electrochemical deposition the surface of platinum electrode was modified by glucose oxidase enzyme. Platinum plate (0.5cm×0.5cm), platinum rod and silver or silver chloride electrodes act as working, auxiliary and reference electrodes, individually. The manufactured of pt. /GOD electrode described by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The glucose oxidase modified platinum electrode was used for detection of glucose by Amperometric measurement. The amperometric response of the sensor was observed under some factors i.e. pH, Concentration, Temperature and applied potential. Detection of glucose can be taken by oxidation of enzymatically formed H2O2 at 0.8 V. A high current response was occur at pH 7.5 and potential +0.8 V. Enzyme is stronger at high temperature because of micro environment but at 28 °C biosensor show good response and this is working temperature. The stability of the enzyme electrode was also deliberated. Moreover, the performance of the glucose oxidase enzyme was reserved about 59.9% after a time of 15 days. These factors show pt/GOD electrode is good or successful biosensor for detection of glucose. Index Terms — Biosensor, Cysteamine self-assembled, Glucose oxidase, Glucose, Immobilization, DOI : 10.7176/CMR/11-4-03 Publication date : April 30 th 2019

Sensitive amperometric biosensors for detection of glucose and cholesterol using a platinum/reduced graphene oxide/poly(3-aminobenzoic acid) film-modified screen-printed carbon electrode

A facile one-step electrochemical synthesis of a platinum/reduced graphene oxide/poly(3-aminobenzoic acid) (Pt/rGO/P3ABA) nanocomposite film on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) and its application in the development of sensitive amperometric biosensors was successfully demonstrated herein. The electropolymerization of P3ABA together with co-electrodeposition of rGO and Pt was conducted by cyclic voltammetry, as was the GO reduction to rGO. A Pt/rGO/P3ABA-modified SPCE exhibited excellent electrocatalytic oxidation towards hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and can be employed as an electrochemical platform for the immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx) and cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) to fabricate glucose and cholesterol biosensors, respectively. Under the optimized conditions at a working potential of +0.50 V, the proposed biosensors revealed excellent linear responses to glucose and cholesterol in the concentration ranges of 0.25–6.00 mM and 0.25–4.00 mM, respectively, with high sensitivities of 22.01 and 15.94 μA mM−1 cm−2 and low detection limits (LODs) of 44.3 and 40.5 μM. Additionally, the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) of GOx was 3.54 mM, while the Km of ChOx was 3.82 mM. Both biosensors displayed a good anti-interference ability and clearly exhibited acceptable recoveries for the detection of glucose and cholesterol in a human serum sample (98.2–104.1%).

Porous structured cellulose microsphere acts as biosensor for glucose detection with “signal-and-color” output

In order to develop a biosensor based on porous structured cellulose microspheres for glucose detection with “signal-and-color” output, in this work, active group carboxyl was introduced to cellulose matrix by using plasma technology, and then glucose oxidase (GOx) was chemically immobilized through EDC-NHS cross-linking reaction. The cellulose microgels containing 21.28 mg/g of enzymes exhibited a fast response to 0.003 M glucose within only 4 min. As for detecting subject with a lower concentration of glucose, the probe still worked. When the concentration of glucose solution was 0.005 M, it took only 2 min that the reaction mixture changed from colorless to yellow. By the introduction of starch, the reaction mixture presented as amaranth color. Besides, the porous-structured substrate and the facile plasma technology were also promising for constructing enzyme-driven catalytic systems with enhanced performance.

Fluorescent Determination of Glucose Using Silicon Nanodots

ABSTRACTHere is reported a fluorescent biosensor for glucose detection based on water-soluble and pH-responsive silicon nanodots. The silicon nanodots were prepared using a facile hydrothermal method. The advantages of using the silicon nanodots as glucose sensor are twofold. Firstly, the fluorescence of silicon nanodots was quenched by hydrogen peroxide that was produced from glucose oxidation. Secondly, the fluorescence of silicon nanodots was highly sensitive to gluconic acid that was also produced by glucose oxidation. Our results show that this method detected glucose as low as 0.54 µM with a good selectivity and allowed the determination of glucose in serum samples. This method is also simple, rapid, low-toxic and low-cost, thereby hold high application potential for biological assays.

Mucin and carbon nanotube-based biosensor for detection of glucose in human plasma

This work reports an amperometric enzyme-electrode prepared with glucose oxidase, which have been immobilized by a cross-linking step with glutaraldehyde in a mixture containing albumin and a novel carbon nanotubes-mucin composite (CNT-muc). The obtained hydrogel matrix was trapped between two polycarbonate membranes and then fixed at the surface of a Pt working electrode. The developed biosensor was optimized by evaluating different compositions and the analytical properties of an enzymatic matrix with CNT-muc. Then, the performance of the resulting enzymatic matrix was evaluated for direct glucose quantification in human blood plasma.The novel CNT-muc composite provided a sensitivity of 0.44 ± 0.01 mA M−1 and a response time of 28 ± 2 s. These values were respectively 20% higher and 40% shorter than those obtained with a sandwich-type biosensor prepared without CNT. Additionally, CNT-muc based biosensor exhibited more than 3 orders of magnitude of linear dynamic calibration range and a detection limit of 3 μM. The short-term and long-term stabilities of the biosensors were also examined and excellent results were obtained through successive experiments performed within the first 60 days from their preparation. Finally, the storage stability was remarkable during the first 300 days.

Enzymatic activity of Fe-grafted mesoporous silica nanoparticles: an insight into H2O2and glucose detection

Iron-grafted MSNs were synthesized by post-synthesis and applied as a biosensor for detection of glucose and H2O2.

Three-dimensional hybrid graphene/nickel electrodes on zinc oxide nanorod arrays as non-enzymatic glucose biosensors

We present a novel hybrid electrode based on reduced graphene oxide/nickel/zinc oxide heterostructures. The sensor was fabricated by template-free hydrothermal growth of ZnO nanorod arrays on conductive glass substrates (FTO) followed by conformal electrodeposition of nickel nanoparticles with an average size of 18nm. Then, in-situ reduction and electrophoretic deposition of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets on the structured ZnO/Ni electrode was performed. The prepared three-dimensional nanostructure exhibited fast electrocatalytic response (<3s) towards glucose oxidation due to the large surface area and high electro-activity. The prepared biosensor possessed a wide linear range over 0.5μM–1.11mM, a low detection limit of 0.15μM at signal/noise ratio (S/N) of 3, and a sensitivity of 2030μAcm−2mM−1. Therefore, the performance of the sensor regarding the detection limit and sensitivity is better than many other electrodes utilized for non-enzymatic glucose detection. No interference from different electroactive substances such as uric acid and ascorbic acid is also noticed. The potential application of the 3D hybrid biosensors for detection of glucose in real human serum samples is shown. This novel structured electrode holds great promise for the development of biosensors and other electrochemical devices.

Development and Testing of a Plastic Optical Fiber Grating Biosensor for Detection of Glucose in the Blood

The objective of this study is to detect glucose content in human blood serum using optical fiber grating with LED wavelength corresponding to the absorption of glucose content in blood serum. The testing used a UV-Vis spectrometer and Rays spectrometers, in which in the ray spectrometer it was used optical fiber biosensor using optical fiber grating. The result obtained is the typical peak of glucose absorption in UV-Vis at 581 nm wavelength and rays spectrometer on green LED at 514.2 nm wavelength with linear regression result by 0.97 and 0.94, respectively.

Development of glucose biosensors based on plasma polymerization-assisted nanocomposites of polyaniline, tin oxide, and three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide

A biosensor based on the plasma polyaniline (pPANI)-modified tin oxide and 3D reduced graphene oxide (SnO2@3D-rGO) nanocomposite was fabricated to detect glucose. The SnO2@3D-rGO nanocomposite was synthesized by simultaneously reducing 3D graphene oxide (3D-GO) and translating SnCl4 into SnO2, followed by pPANI modification. The content of amino groups in the SnO2@3D-rGO@pPANI nanocomposites depended on the plasma input powers used in plasma deposition. The SnO2@3D-rGO nanocomposite was important in the electrochemical biosensor to detect glucose. The fabricated biosensor exhibited a much higher sensitivity than that formed from individual components, namely, SnO2@3D-rGO and pPANI. This biosensor demonstrated a low detection limit of 0.047ngmL−1 (0.26nM) (S/N=3) within the concentration range of 0.1ngmL−1 to 5μgmL−1. The selectivity, stability, and practicality of the SnO2@3D-rGO@pPANI-based biosensor were observed. In conclusion, the plasma surface-modified nanocomposite is a promising candidate as biosensor for glucose detection and biological diagnosis.

Plasmonics Enhanced Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Analysis

The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) arises from the collective oscillation of conduction electrons of metal nanostructures which can be used to monitor recognition events of biomolecules at single nanoparticles1. The enhanced electric field around the nanostructures due to LSPR will significantly enhance the Raman scattering, fluorescence and IR spectra, which enable the realization of single molecule detection. In addition, the LSPR will excite high-energy electron-hole pair (referred to as “hot electrons” and “hot holes”) emerging on metal surface. The energetic charges will considerably affect the electrochemical reactions occurring at the nanoparticles. When the plasmonic metallic nanostructures are coupled to other substrates, for example, the semiconductor (i.e., TiO2, MoS2), the plasmon-excited hot electron-hole at nanoparticle surface can communicate with the conductance and valence bands of the semiconductors, resulting in variation in electro/photocatalytic activity. In this talk, we will start with the study on the possibility of LSPR for monitoring biomolecules and their recognition events at single nanoparticles.1 Then, we report the LSPR enhanced IR for biosensing.2 In the third part, we will show how the LSPR accelerates electrochemical reactions of electroactive biomolecules such as glucose on gold nanoparticles and hydrogen evolution reaction at molybdenum disulphide nanosheets.3 Based on the plasmonics accelerated electrochemical reactions (PAER), high sensitive electrochemical biosensors for detection of glucose and other electroactive biomolecules have been constructed. 1. (a) Y. Zhao, et al. Anal. Chem. 2013, 85: 1053; (b) B. Jin, et al. Langmuir, 2012, 28: 9460; (c) J.Y. Xu, et al. Chem. Comm. 2012, 48: 3052; (d) W.J. Bao, et al., Chem. Commun. 2014, 50: 7787; (e) Y. Zhao, et al. Chem. Commun. 2014, 50: 5480. 2. (a) J.Y. Xu, B. Jin, Y. Zhao, K. Wang, X.H. Xia, Chem. Commun. 2012, 48: 3052; 187. (b) B. Jin, G. X. Wang, D. Millo, P. Hildebrandt, X. H. Xia, J. Phys. Chem. C 2012, 116: 13038; (c) B. Jin, W. J. Bao, Z. Q. Wu, X. H. Xia, Langmuir 2012, 28: 9460; (d) J. Y. Xu, T. W. Chen, W. J. Bao, K. Wang, X. H. Xia, Langmuir 2012, 28: 17564; (e) W. J. Bao, Z. D. Yan, M. Wang, Y. Zhao, J. Li, K. Wang, X. H. Xia, Z. L. Wang, Chem. Commun. 2014, 50: 7787. 3. (a) Y. Shi, J. Wang, C. Wang, T.T. Zhai, W.J. Bao, J.J. Xu, X.H. Xia, H.Y. Chen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137: 7365; (b) 3. C. Wang, Y. Shi, X.G. Nie, Y. Zhou, J.J. Xu, X.H. Xia, H.Y. Chen, Science Advances, in revision.

Fast and Effective Turn‐on Paper‐based Phosphorescence Biosensor for Detection of Glucose in Serum

AbstractIn this study, a turn‐on paper‐based optical analytical system with a rapid, sensitive and quantitative response for glucose was developed. The luminescence sensing material, crystalline iridium(III)‐Zn(II) coordination polymers, or Ir‐Zne, was grown electrochemically on stainless steel mesh and then deposited on filter paper. This sensing substrate was subsequently built up under glucose oxidase encapsulated in hydrogel and then immobilized on egg membrane with the layer‐by‐layer method. Once the glucose solution was dropped onto the paper, the oxygen content was depleted simultaneously with a concomitant increase in the phosphorescence of Ir‐Zne. The detection limit for glucose was 0.05 mM. The linear dynamic range for the determination of glucose was 0.05–8.0 mM with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9956 (y=68.11 [glucose]−14.72). The response time was about 0.12 s, and the sample volume was less than 5 μL. The effects of mesh size, buffer concentration, pH, enzyme concentration, temperature, and interference, and the stability of the biosensor, have also been studied in detail. Finally, the biosensor was successfully applied to the determination of glucose in human serum.

A glucose oxidase-coupled DNAzyme sensor for glucose detection in tears and saliva.

Biosensors have been widely investigated and utilized in a variety of fields ranging from environmental monitoring to clinical diagnostics. Glucose biosensors have triggered great interest and have been widely exploited since glucose determination is essential for diabetes diagnosis. In here, we designed a novel dual-enzyme biosensor composed of glucose oxidase (GOx) and pistol-like DNAzyme (PLDz) to detect glucose levels in tears and saliva. First, GOx, as a molecular recognition element, catalyzes the oxidation of glucose forming H2O2; then PLDz recognizes the produced H2O2 as a secondary signal and performs a self-cleavage reaction promoted by Mn(2+), Co(2+) and Cu(2+). Thus, detection of glucose could be realized by monitoring the cleavage rate of PLDz. The slope of the cleavage rate of PLDz versus glucose concentration curve was fitted with a Double Boltzmann equation, with a range of glucose from 100 nM to 10mM and a detection limit of 5 μM. We further applied the GOx-PLDz 1.0 biosensor for glucose detection in tears and saliva, glucose levels in which are 720±81 μM and 405±56 μM respectively. Therefore, the GOx-PLDz 1.0 biosensor is able to determine glucose levels in tears and saliva as a noninvasive glucose biosensor, which is important for diabetic patients with frequent/continuous glucose monitoring requirements. In addition, induction of DNAzyme provides a new approach in the development of glucose biosensors.