Abstract
Here, we have synthesized an ultra-thin coating of polyaniline on a TiO2 nanoparticle surface (PANI–TiO2) using a simple vapor phase polymerization method. By this method, an ultra-thin layer of PANI is obtained selectively on the TiO2 surface. This ultra-thin coating exhibits the properties of both the parent materials due to the composite surface causing an effective synergistic effect. SEM, TEM, and EDX studies and elemental mapping confirmed the formation of ultra-thin films on the TiO2 surface. TGA, UV/Vis and XRD studies were also done for further characterization. The composite has been used as a biosensor for glucose detection by immobilization of the enzyme glucose oxidase (GOx). Cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and amperometry studies were performed for glucose sensing. The linear range was observed from 20 to 140 μM glucose concentration from the amperometric analysis. The LOD of the biosensor was found to be 5.33 μM. The composite has also been used for photocatalytic degradation of the cationic dye Rhodamine B (RB). The order of degradation efficiency of RB is found to be PANI < TiO2 < PANI–TiO2. The synergetic effect of PANI and TiO2 is the reason for the enhanced degradation efficiency of the composite PANI–TiO2.
Highlights
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has a wide range of applications such as in photovoltaic cells, drug delivery systems, and photocatalytic degradation of various pollutants and biosensors
The enlarged scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of selected portions were compared and uniform layer of granular shaped PANI is observed in the case of PANI–TiO2 which is absent in TiO2 (Fig. S1†)
The S content is due to ammonium persulphate (APS) used as oxidant for synthesis of PANI
Summary
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has a wide range of applications such as in photovoltaic cells, drug delivery systems, and photocatalytic degradation of various pollutants and biosensors. Due to its promising structural, electrical and optical properties, it has received a lot of attention in recent years. Various advanced and hybrid materials of TiO2 have been designed to improve the properties of the parent material for superior applications. One of the uses of TiO2 is in biosensors for detection of glucose.[1] There has been a rapid growth in the development of precise and convenient glucose monitoring systems in recent years. More than 85% of the biosensor market is occupied by glucose biosensors which indicate the demand of low-cost glucose sensors with high sensitivity and selectivity to deal with increasing blood sugar problem. Diabetes leads to kidney failures, Paper biosensor.[14,15] Composites of two materials PANI and TiO2 have been considered as a promising class of materials to overcome the limitations of parent components.[16,17]
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