Bioresource Collections Research Articles

Selective list of the Catalogues of the VIR Global Collection on vegetables and cucurbits published in 1962–2023

The Catalogue of the VIR Global Collection series is addressed to plant breeders and crop experts solving practical problems in plan breeding and seed production, plant scientists conducting fundamental and applied research, teachers and learners. The publications within this series help to disclose the potential of the VIR global collection of plant genetic resources and the VIR herbarium (WIR) as an important part of Russian bioresource collections (BRC). The editors of the journal Proceedings on Applied Botany, Genetics and Breeding decided to publish the Selective list of the Catalogues of the VIR Global Collection on vegetables and cucurbits published in 1962–2023 to throw light on VIR’s publishing activities, attract more attention to the Catalogue of the VIR Global Collection series, and specify the numbers and titles of the series’ issues for authors of scientific manuscripts. For the users’ convenience, the sources are arranged chronologically, following the order of issue numbers. The editors hope that this list will prove useful to our readers and authors.

In vitro clonal micropropagation of selected Malus niedzwetzkyana Dieck forms demonstrating high resilience when introduced into urban environments

Background. Currently, the use of an interdisciplinary approach based on a combination of traditional introduction methods and clonal micropropagation techniques makes it possible to solve one of the key problems of introduction – the establishment of bioresource collections consisting of selected plant accessions with valuable agronomic traits and resistance to unfavorable urban environments. Materials and methods. A plant introduction study resulted in identifying seven specimens of Malus niedzwetzkyana Dieck with resilience to urban environments, high rate of crown development, and longevity. They served as source material for the development of a clonal propagation protocol and in vitro preservation of selected genotypes of this species. Results. It was shown for M. niedzwetzkyana that the most favorable time for taking its plant material for introduction into in vitro culture is the beginning of the active growth of vegetative shoots after flowering. The most optimal sterilization technique for such plant material was a stepwise regime using alcohol, sodium hypochlorite, and silver nitrate: it provided from 50 to 70% of sterile explants and the maximum percentage of meristem proliferation. Combining 0.8 mg/L of benzylaminopurine (BAP) with 0.14 mg/L of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at the stage of microclonal propagation ensured a significant increase of the reproduction coefficient (on average up to 5.3 ± 0.7) and an improvement in morphometric parameters of microshoots; the maximum frequency of shoot proliferation was 100%. The yield of shoots adapted to ex vitro conditions was 90%. Conclusion. The developed clonal micropropagation protocol made it possible to introduce selected M. niedzwetzkyana forms into in vitro culture and reproduce them in order to set up a resource base for further fundamental and applied research into the system of the genus Malus Mill.

International Legal Framework for the Creation, Use and Conservation of Bioresource Collections

This article presents a detailed analysis of global and regional regulation related to the creation, use, research and conservation of biological (bioresource) collections and discusses the main trends in its development. Key approaches to the regulation of activities in the field of biological (bioresource) collections based on an analysis of acts of the European Union (EU), Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) are identified. While there are no international treaties that deal directly with biological (bioresource) collections at the global level, various agreements in force cover important regulatory aspects concerning the creation, use, research and conservation of biological (bioresource) collections. These aspects include (1) providing access to genetic resources; (2) technology transfer and rights over such resources and technologies; (3) financial aspects; (4) standards for the conservation of genetic resources. The corresponding international treaties concluded at global and regional levels imply both integrated and sectoral approaches to the regulation of biological (bioresource) collections (e.g., international treaties regarding crop genetic resources). The conclusion highlights the need to take into account the approaches elaborated within the framework of international and regional integration law in order to improve the relevant legal regulation in the Russian Federation.

On the Results of the VIII Сongress of the Vavilov Society of Geneticists and Breeders

The International Congress "VIII Congress of the Vavilov Society of Geneticists and Breeders dedicated to the 300th anniversary of Russian science and higher education" was held in Saratov, June 14-19, 2024. The Congress program comprised 20 symposia, four round tables and the III Forum “Genetic Resources of Russia”. More than 700 researchers from Russia and friendly foreign countries took part in the Congress. As part of the scientific program of the Congress, about 300 oral and 400 poster presentations were made. The Congress events provided a platform for a comprehensive discussion of the results of current research in the fields of genetics, breeding and biotechnology, bioinformatics and systems biology, medical genetics, symbiogenetics, ecological and evolutionary genetics. The issues of bioethics, legal and social aspects of genetic and genomic research, and interaction between science and the business community were raised. Particular attention was given to questions of the history of genetics. The VIII Congress of Vavilov Society of Geneticists and Breeders (VOGIS) was held in a historical place, firmly associated with the name of Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov, who formulated the law of homologous series in variation, described the Centers of Origin of Cultivated Plants and assembled one of the largest biological collections in the world. The Congress welcomed the adoption in the first reading of the law "On bioresource centers and biological (bioresource) collections" by the State Duma of the Russian Federation on 18.06.2024 and emphasized the importance of its final adoption and entry into force, noting that biological collections are the fundamental basis of scientific and technological chains, and their preservation, development, study and use are an important factor in the successful implementation of the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation. The Congress discussed issues of education in the spheres of genetics, biotechnology and breeding in the Russian Federation, and also listened to and approved the Concept for the Development of Biological Education, aimed at implementing the goals of the Russian Federation through 2030 and for the future until 2036.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТИВНОСТЬ НАУЧНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ ПО ОТРАСЛЕВЫМ ПРИОРИТЕТАМ

The article presents the results of the institution’s research work obtained in 2023. Research is focused on solving problems: accelerated creation of new varieties of horticultural crops based on the mobilization of bioresource collections using molecular genetic methods and digital technologies; ensuring environmental and economic sustainability and optimal productivity of perennial agrocenoses, as well as the quality and safety of preserved plant agricultural raw materials based on biologization and digitalization of technological processes. An analysis of the effectiveness of scientific and technical activities is given according to the criteria of research, publishing, publiсation, inventive activity, innovative, educational and financial and economic activities of a scientific institution. As a result of R&D, 115 completed developments of fundamental importance have received, forming the methodological and methodical basis for the creation of scientific and technical products of a priority applied level. Fundamentally new developments in applied research in the fields of knowledge relevant to the scientific institution were 81 developments that provide improvement in the quantitative and qualitative indicators of biocenotic and production processes in fruit and vineyards, technological processes during storage and processing of agricultural products. The gene pool is preserved – 7,253 samples of fruit, berry, nut crops and grapes, replenished with 127 varieties; clones were selected and 7 donors were identified and 53 sources for creating new varieties that combine high potential productivity, winter hardiness, drought resistance, sustainability to the most harmful diseases and pests. The State Register of Breeding Achievements approved for use in 2023 in the North Caucasus (6) region includes 3 varieties of apple trees, one grape variety, one clonal rootstock of small stone fruit crops, a rose variety bred by the scientific institution. Output products are registered in the USAIS electronic accounting database in the form of intellectual property for 99 completed developments. Regulatory documentation has been developed in the form of organizational standards, technological instructions and technical conditions for 37 completed developments.

Information support for the bioresource collection: a biological information system «NeuroOnc»

The manuscript is devoted to development of information support system for a bioresource collection - biological information system «NeuroOnc». Architecture and main functions of system are presented. This system was formed in the project «Development of bioresource collection of tumors of the human nervous system with molecular genetic certification for personalized treatment of patients with neuro-oncological diseases». The purpose of this project was not only formation of bioresource collection, but also development of various molecular genetic methods for analysis of biospecimens in context of clinical researches. Biological information systems created to support the work of bioresource collections in hospitals should become a natural part of information infrastructure. Information support of bioresource collections cannot imply only «warehouse» functions. This system should have tools to support various scientific and clinical researches. Biological information systems can sometimes expand medical information systems but remain sufficiently autonomous. It is advisable to develop biological information systems in large specialized companies that can support their products for many years.

National and world experience in functioning of centers for collective use of biological resource collections of tumors of the central nervous system

To analyze the experience of collective use center and biobank of the Burdenko Neurosurgical Center compared to national and international data on functioning of collective use centers specializing in tumors of the human central nervous system. We reviewed the PubMed and e-Library databases using the following keywords: core facilities brain tumors, repository of collective use brain tumors, biobank of CNS tumors, central nervous system tumor collection centers. We also analyzed the organizations registered on the portal of scientific and technical infrastructure of the Russian Federation. We analyzed 275 publications devoted to collective use centers and biobanks. These biobanks do not position themselves as collective use centers but actively realize biological material for researches. Structure of institutions presented on the portal of scientific and technical infrastructure of the Russian Federation is characterized. The collective use center «Bioresource collection of tissues and cell cultures of tumors of the human nervous system for fundamental and applied researches» has access to biobank of the Burdenko Neurosurgical Center. To date, the biobank contains more than 8478 aliquots of tumor tissue frozen at ultra-low temperature (-196°C) and obtained from 1993 patients. Considering available data, we established the basic principles of work in collective use centers with bioresource collections. Collective use centers with bioresource collections of tumors of the central nervous system are rare. There is only one collective use center organized at the Burdenko Neurosurgical Center on the portal of scientific and technical infrastructure of the Russian Federation. At the same time, there is an urgent need to increase their number and activity in Russia and other countries worldwide. You can use the resource of brain tumor collections by leaving a request on the official website of this organization in the «Collective use center» section.

Efficiency of Management of Bioresource Collections of Trees and Shrubs for Solving Agroforestry Problems

Efficiency of Management of Bioresource Collections of Trees and Shrubs for Solving Agroforestry Problems

BioVitrina web repository — access to data on bioresource collections

Aim. To develop the BioVitrina web repository for visualizing data on biological samples available in the organization (https://bb.ibmc.msk.ru).Material and methods. The following set of tools was used: PostgreSQL 12, Python 3.8 scripting language, Django 3.2.7, Angular 12.2.13, Nginx, Docker 3, Redis 6.Results. Biological samples are systematized according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10). After selecting the most suitable biosamples, the User has the opportunity to submit a request for their receipt. A necessary condition for obtaining biological samples is the subsequent publication of the results of experimental studies in the BioVitrina web repository. Such an exchange of analytical research results will avoid repetition of similar studies and will contribute to the conservation of material resources.Conclusion. "BioVitrina" was developed to optimize the infrastructure of biobanks of organizations and ensure the availability of information about their existing bioresource collections. This will solve many issues related to the use of different types of biomaterials, both for research and clinical purposes in personalized biomedicine.

Bioresource collections: algorithms for development and functioning; basic and applied significance

Bioresource collection of the N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology is a unique structured biobank that combines different types of primary and subsidiary samples and ensures its comprehensive characterization, including both generally accepted indicators and specific types of research. Samples of paraffin blocks, frozen material, blood and its derivatives are deposited in the clinical department of the center. The research institute of the center has collected commercial and unique human cell lines and transplantable strains obtained from clinical material, as well as cells from laboratory animals, mainly of mouse origin. The provided cell lines undergo multi- stage quality control, including confirmation of authenticity, assessment of viability and determination of optimal cultivation conditions, analysis of interspecific and intraspecific contamination, study of tumorigenicity and reproducibility in athymic Balb/ c-nude mice, etc. In addition, the Bioresource Collection has hybridoma clones that produce antibodies to a wide range of targets. The Center provides the opportunity to conduct preclinical research using samples from the Bioresource Collection to obtain scientific and regulatory data on the antiproliferative activity of new agents or methods for cancer treatment.

Genetic Collections of St. Petersburg University

Bioresource collections represent a unique source of biological diversity for research in genetics and related disciplines. The Department of Genetics and Biotechnology of St. Petersburg State University is the oldest department of genetics in Russia, founded in 1919. Throughout the entire period of development, the geneticists of St. Petersburg University have collected unique forms of plants, animals and microorganisms, on which their research was based. Many of these studies including regulation of translation termination in yeast, amyloids and prions of different organisms, genetic mapping of valuable morphological and biochemical traits to create first rye chromosome maps, and several aspects of transcription regulation in plants, had a significant novelty. The most active accumulation of collections of genetic resources at St. Petersburg State University started in the 1950-1970s when important scientific directions in the genetics of microorganisms, plants and animals, many of which continue today, were established at the department. Genetic collections are actively used in educational work for teaching dozens of educational courses. Currently, the interdisciplinary genetic collections of St. Petersburg State University consist of seven sections including genetic collections of rye, radish, garden pea, Chlamydomonas algae, Saccharomyces yeast and plasmids, Komagataella yeast, Drosophila fly. This review describes in detail the collections of the Department of Genetics and Biotechnology of St. Petersburg State University and discusses their current state, application and development prospects.

The Fifth All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference “Safe North – clean Arctic”.

The Fifth All-Russian Research-to-Practice Conference (with international participation) “Safe North - Clean Arctic” was held on April 13-14, 2023 at the Surgut State University. This traditional forum brought together 280 participants from various regions of Russia, as well as colleagues from Kazakhstan. The topics of the presentations (more than 80 reports in total) covered a wide range of issues: the study and conservation of biodiversity, the creation of bioresource collections, environmental monitoring, human ecology, rational use of natural resources, the formation of a comfortable and safe environment for human life in the northern regions. To the 85th anniversary of the birth of the founder of the Department of Ecology of Surgut State University, a round table “The scientific heritage of Professor Yu.V. Titov (1938-2001)" was organized. The round table participants discussed the role of Yu.V. Titov as an organizer of science and education in Ugra.

Genetic resources and genetic technologies for the development of the Northern Territories: on the results of the Second Conference (March 13–15, 2023)

A series of events in honor of the centenary of the Polar Experiment Station of VIR founded by Nikolay Ivanovich Vavilov, was opened by the Second Scientific Conference “Genetic Resources and Genetic Technologies for the Development of Northern Territories”, which took place on March 13-15, 2023. The objective of the Conference was to provide a regular platform for the exchange of experience, consolidation of efforts and development of interdisciplinary approaches between specialists – geneticists, resource scientists and biotechnologists, as well as specialists from related areas of biology, medicine and other sciences, whose joint efforts are aimed at increasing the demand for bio-resource collections and the role of genetic technologies in the development of the northern regions of the country. The Conference was organized by the Federal Research Centre the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), the Vavilov Society of Geneticists and Breeders (VOGiS), the Russian Geographical Society (RGS), Scientific Council on Genetics and Breeding of the RAS, Scientific Council of RAS for the Studies of the Arctic and Antarctic, and the Russian Botanical Society (RBS). The Conference was held online. The program of the Conference included three sections: “Effective Development of Northern Agriculture: Genetic Resources of Agricultural Plants and Microorganisms, Genetic Technologies and Interdisciplinary Research”; “Farm Animals, Marine Mammals and Commercial Fish in the Far North: Conservation and Study of Genetic Resources, Breeding and Interdisciplinary Research”; “Health and Longevity of the Population in Northern Territories: Genetic and Interdisciplinary Studies (Including Model Organisms)”, as well as a Round Table “Expeditionary Research in the Arctic and Northern Regions of Russia: Experience of Young Scientists”. Altogether, five plenary presentations, one evening lecture and 23 section reports were made. Genetic, genomic and omics research using valuable genetic resources of plants, animals and microorganisms, as well as human biomaterials, including bio-resource ex situ collections from regions with extreme nature and climate conditions is the basis for acquiring knowledge, creating a set of tools and developments that contribute to socio-economic development and security in the Arctic, addressing health-saving issues, improving the quality of life of the population and partial food self-sufficiency of the regions of the North and the Arctic. The development of these aspects is important for the implementation of the State scientific and technical policy of the Russian Federation, considering the Presidential Decrees 164 of March 5, 2020, and 645 of October 26, 2020. The article presents the main trends announced at the Conference and publishes the Resolution adopted by the Conference.

On the results of the Second Scientific Forum “Genetic Resources of Russia”

The Second Scientific Forum “Genetic Resources of Russia” was held in St. Petersburg, June 26-28, 2023. Thе Forum comprised nine associated scientific conferences and conference schools dedicated to the establishment, formation, conservation, development, studying and utilization of biological (bioresource) collections as well as to the activities of bioresource centers, and a round table entitled “Statutory Legal Regulation and Standards for the Work with Bioresource Collections”. More than 700 researchers representing over a hundred scientific institutions and universities from Russia and other countries participated in the Forum. In total, more than 200 oral presentations were made during those events (including 16 talks at the Forum’s Plenary Session). The participants of the Forum events thoroughly discussed the results of the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Genetic Technologies for 2019-2030 associated with the establishment and development of bioresource collections for research in the field of genetic technologies, the prospects for the promotion of this sector, and the regulatory legal framework in the sphere of ensuring conservation and development of biological (bioresource) collections, establishment and functioning of bioresource centers, and their sustainable and rational utilization in scientific research and development activities. The outcome of those discussions is presented in this publication in the form of the Forum’s Resolution. Upon reviewing the results of the Federal Scientific and Technical Program for the Development of Genetic Technologies for 2019-2030 pertaining to the establishment and development of bioresource collections for research in the field of genetic technologies, the Forum recognized them as successful. The Forum approved the draft of the legal act “On Bioresource Centers and Biological (Bioresource) Collections”, which is currently under consideration in the State Duma of the Russian Federation and emphasized the need for its soonest adoption.

Prospects for biobanking in reproductive health: genetic aspects

Currently, one of the most promising areas of medicine is the development and implementation of new biomedical technologies in the field of human reproduction with the involvement of resources of biobanks and biocollections as well as modern genetic technologies. In this review, we considered the key dimensions of personalized medicine, such as biobanking and genomic medicine. We illustrated crucial aspects in the organization of human bioresource collections and the difficulties arising in the interaction of specialists in the field of biobanking. Problems in obtaining informed consent and collecting personal data are described. Furthermore, the need for creating and developing complex information systems for storing, processing, and analyzing data, creating genetic databases is emphasized. Foreign experience in consolidation of biobank data and the results of genomic studies is summarized. We also describe D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology’s experience in creating collections of human biomaterials (today it contains more than 60,000 samples, including samples of blood and its derivatives (plasma, serum, whole blood), urine samples, placental tissue, cell cultures, DNA, RNA, and others) and in quality management. The main results of genetic research are provided. Experience in these studies served as the basis for the creation of Biobank “Genofond” and the unique scientific facility “Human Reproductive Health”. The principle of creation of the collection, its purpose, and objectives for future research in the genetics of reproduction are described.

Development of a biobank in the structure of scientific and diagnostic and treatment institutions and prospects for interregional integration

The formation of biobanks in the structure of scientific and treatment and diagnostic institutions with prospects for interregional integration is a fundamental link in monitoring and predicting diseases of various origins, creating and testing highly effective diagnostics, and developing novel therapeutic agents.Aim. To describe standard operating procedures and principles for the formation of bioresource collections (BRC) in medical institutions with biobanking.Material and methods. The data of scientific and practical biomedical projects using BRC obtained from patients with genetic, multifactorial and infectious diseases in St. Petersburg and Surgut are presented. As of September 2022, the BRC collected on the basis of the Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency includes biosamples from 1619 patients, and the BRC collected in the Medical Institute of Surgut State University includes biosamples from 450 patients and healthy individuals of different sex and age. The selection of biosamples from apparently healthy individuals and patients with various diseases can serve as a strategically important resource for future research in terms of etiology, epidemiology, the development of regulatory environment and scales, innovations in the development of diagnostic approaches and treatment of the Russian population.

Improvement of information and legal support of ecological and biological safety of genetic technologies

he development of genetic technologies requires adequate legal regulation of these relations, taking into account their characteristics and the need to ensure the safety of genetic engineering activities on a systematic basis in conjunction with biological, environmental, climatic, sanitary and epidemiological, food and other types of national security. The article considers the main directions for improving the legislation on genetic engineering activities and related branches of legislation, including in the field of ensuring biological safety. The necessity of legal regulation of relations related to the use of genomic editing technology as an integral part of genetic engineering activities is substantiated. When improving legislation in the field of genetic engineering, it is necessary to take into account the objective processes associated with the emergence of GMOs of new generations, based on a differentiated approach to assessing GMO risks and monitoring them. Risk assessment of further development of genetic technologies, ensuring their safety should be carried out on the basis of an integrated approach as part of biological safety, in connection with which it is necessary to legalize the concepts of “genetic technologies” and “biological technologies”, determine the relationship between them, legislate their classification, as well as concepts of “risk assessment”, “risk factors”, “biological safety indicators”. There is a need for systematic information and legal support for the use of genetic and biotechnologies, one of the directions of which is the legal regulation of the activities of bioresource centers, as well as the procedure for creating, maintaining, using bioresource collections and biobanks, including the conceptual apparatus, principles, organizational and legal measures.

Associations of the fatty acids with the concentration of antioxidant enzymes in the blood in men with coronary heart disease

Background and Aims : Objective: to identify associations of fatty acids (FAs) with the antioxidant enzymes in the blood of men with coronary heart disease (CHD).Methods: The study included: control group – 20 men without CHD, core group – 60 men with CHD. The core group was divided into subgroups: subgroup I – with the presence of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques, subgroup II – with the absence of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. The levels of FAs, free radicals, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were analyzed in the blood.Results: In patients with CHD, compared with the control group: 1) were higher in the levels of SOD, CAT, myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic and octadecenoic FAs; 2) were lower in the levels of GPx, α-linolenic, docosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic and arachidonic FAs. In subgroup I were found: 1) negative associations of SOD – with linoleic, eicosatrienoic, arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic FAs, positive associations – with palmitic acid; 2) positive correlations of CAT level with palmitoleic and stearic acids; 3) negative associations between of GPx and palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic and octadecenoic FAs. In subgroup II, the results of the correlation analysis were markedly different.Conclusions: Changes in the levels of antioxidant enzymes, and a disbalance of the FAs profile, probably indicate active oxidative processes in the body and may indicate the presence of atherosclerotic changes in the vessels. The study was conducted within the framework of: budget topic under State Task No. AAAA–A17-117112850280-2, with the support of bioresource collections; financial support from the Government of the Novosibirsk Region. Background and Aims : Objective: to identify associations of fatty acids (FAs) with the antioxidant enzymes in the blood of men with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: The study included: control group – 20 men without CHD, core group – 60 men with CHD. The core group was divided into subgroups: subgroup I – with the presence of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques, subgroup II – with the absence of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. The levels of FAs, free radicals, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were analyzed in the blood. Results: In patients with CHD, compared with the control group: 1) were higher in the levels of SOD, CAT, myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic and octadecenoic FAs; 2) were lower in the levels of GPx, α-linolenic, docosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic and arachidonic FAs. In subgroup I were found: 1) negative associations of SOD – with linoleic, eicosatrienoic, arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic FAs, positive associations – with palmitic acid; 2) positive correlations of CAT level with palmitoleic and stearic acids; 3) negative associations between of GPx and palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic and octadecenoic FAs. In subgroup II, the results of the correlation analysis were markedly different. Conclusions: Changes in the levels of antioxidant enzymes, and a disbalance of the FAs profile, probably indicate active oxidative processes in the body and may indicate the presence of atherosclerotic changes in the vessels. The study was conducted within the framework of: budget topic under State Task No. AAAA–A17-117112850280-2, with the support of bioresource collections; financial support from the Government of the Novosibirsk Region.

The first scientific forum «Genetic resources of Russia» - on legal regulation in the field of bioresources and biological collections

The first scientific forum «Genetic Resources of Russia» took place in Saint Petersburg on 21-24 June 2022. The Forum brought together more than 500 specialists from more than 100 research institutions and universities of the Russian Federation. A round table «Regulations and standards of work with bio-resource collections» was organized within the framework of the Forum in connection with the relevance to create the legislation base for the work with biological collections and regulation of the activities of bioresource centres in the Russian Federation. This publication presents the outcomes of the Forum and its resolution relating to the legal regulation of biological collections.

Analysis of Bioresource Collections on Climatic Rhythms and Phenological Processes

Analysis of Bioresource Collections on Climatic Rhythms and Phenological Processes