Bioremediation Of Oil Contaminated Soil Research Articles

Bioremediation of Oil-Contaminated Soils of South Kazakhstan

In a weakly or moderately polluted with oil (0.3-1.0%) the total number of soil microorganisms, including hydrocarbon-oxidizing, you can improve cultural practices (tillage, irrigation, fertilization) without making out of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms (HOM). In the arid zone is more expedient to begin bioremediation of oil-contaminated areas of work for the fall, to use autumn and spring soil moisture for mineralization activity of microorganisms.

Synergistic Effect of Yeast-Bacterial Co-Culture on Bioremediation of Oil-Contaminated Soil

ABSTRACTThe effects of various treatments, including biostimulation, bioaugmentation with bacterial consortium, yeast, and yeast-bacterial co-culture, on oil biodegradation were systematically compared. Synergistic effects were observed on the removal of total petroleum hydrocarbon and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons via the amendment of co-culture, with a 48-day degradation of 56% for total petroleum hydrocarbon and 32% for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, respectively. Yeast played an important role in the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with 4–6 rings. The synergistic effect of yeast-bacteria was further evidenced by the increase of biomass and enzyme activities in soil. In comparison with the bacterial community, the yeast community was more sensitive to the inoculated cultures, which was indexed by the changes of diversity, abundance, and evenness in polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) analysis.

Application of indigenous microbial consortia in bioremediation of oil-contaminated soils

Bioremediation of oil spillage in soils using consortia of microbes beckons much exploration. The present study involves bioremediation of oil-contaminated soils from north Chennai, India, using indigenous microbial consortia. Totally, 32 positive oil degrading isolates were obtained from 3 different locations, i.e., petrol filling stations, automobile workshops and oil refineries. Substrate utilization patterns of individual isolates and the consortial sets were observed. Mixture of three common hydrocarbons (petrol, diesel and engine oil) was used for studies. The substrate oil utilized by consortia was taken for thin-layer and column chromatography which perfectly resulted in varied fractions of oil compared to the unused oil as control. The best consortia were used directly for bioremediation experiment. Three different oil-contaminated soils were used and bioremediation patterns were observed. The rate of bioremediation differed within soils, nevertheless all soils were almost 100 % reclaimed within 30 days. Bioremediation kinetics showed that the process corresponds to first-order kinetics and kinetic constants for the different soils ranged from 0.051 to 0.077/day. Assessment of detoxification of acute phytotoxicity owing to the pollutant oil was done, and results observed were significant. An increase of 25, 300 and 212 % in germination index, average growth index and sustenance index, respectively, of Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn. in treated soils was observed, compared to untreated soils. Thus, this study confirmed that microbes in ‘Consortial Union’ serve as better treating agents in bioremediation of oil-contaminated soils than individual microorganisms.

Influence of Uniform Electric Field in Bioremediation of Oil-Contaminated Soils

Electrokinetic remediation is an effective technology to enhance bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil as the transport process of non-polar organic contaminants in soil was promoted under low-power direct current electric fields. In this study three treatments including the application of electric field treatment alone, inoculation treatment alone, and combination of the application of electric field and inoculation treatment were carried out. The results indicated that highest removal efficiency was 83% in couple of the application of electric field and inoculation treatment. TPH concentration decreased from 6000 mg.kg-1 to 2000 mg.kg-1 when a 30 voltage direct current electric field was applied to oil-contaminated soil for 10 min after 4 days. It was observed that dehydrogenase activity had no increase after application direct current electric field. However, the TPH degradation efficiency was 52% higher than the control treatment. GC analysis showed that n-alkanes (C14-C31) were preferentially degraded, and soil remaindered more low quality compounds after the application of electric field treatment applied 52 days. These results indicated that the application of electric field improved degradation of inoculated bacteria through promoting the transport of nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorous and electron acceptors.

ASSESSMENT BIOREMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED SOILS TO PETROLEUM COMPOUNDS AND ROLE OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS IN THE DECOMPOSITION PROCESS

Today oil removal from contaminated soil by new methods such as bioremediation is necessary. In this paper, the effect of chemical fertilizers and aeration on bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil has been investigated. Also the control group, (bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons in contaminated soil without treatment by chemical fertilizers and aeration treatment was examined. The condition of experiment is as following: those were treated 70 days in glass columns (30×30×30cm dimensions), ambient temperature (25-30 0 C), relative humidity 70%, aeration operation with flow 0.7 lit/min. The total number of heterotrophic bacteria of break down oil and the total of petroleum hydrocarbons were analyzed using gas chromatography analysis. all experiments were replicated three times. The microbial population results for control soil, treated soil by aeration and treated soil by aeration and chemical fertilizers columns are 2.3×10 5 , 1.04×10 10 , and 1.14×10 11 CFU/gr, respectively. The concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons of remaining are 46965, 38124, and 22187 mg kg -1 respectively. The obtained results show that the aeration operation and chemical fertilizers have effective role on degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon by oil degrading bacteria from soil.

石油汚染土壌の浄化過程における微生物群集の炭素源資化能の変化

石油汚染土壌の浄化過程における微生物群集の炭素源資化能の変化

Screening and characterization of petroleum-degrading bacterium

Petroleum-degrading bacterium JY6 was isolated from petroleum-contaminated soils in DaQing oil field. It was identified as Bacillus cereus based on its morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and analysis of its 16SrRNA gene. Biodegradation function of petroleum and oil degradation rates were studied, including different pH value, culture temperature, oxygen etc. Results show the optimum pH value and inoculation was 7.0 and 0.1% (v/v), respectively. 40 ml of liquid medium in 250 ml flask, shaking at 150 r/min and 32°C, petroleum-degrading rate was 75 to 77%. The petroleum-degrading bacterium might be a useful resource for bioremediation of oil-contaminated soils and biotreatment of oil wastewater. Key words: Petroleum-degrading bacterium, screening, Bacillus cereus, bioremediation.

Characterization of Gordonia sp. strain CC-NAPH129-6 capable of naphthalene degradation

A naphthalene-degrading isolate able to utilize naphthalene as a sole carbon source was identified as Gordonia sp. CC-NAPH129-6. Here a detail characterization of the naphthalene catabolic genes present in this strain was conducted. In nar region four structural genes (narAa, narAb, narB, narC), two regulatory genes (narR1, narR2), a rubredoxin encoding gene (rub1) and a gene (orf7) with unknown function were obtained. When compared with most of the members within naphthalene-degrading Rhodococcus, these naphthalene catabolic genes in strain CC-NAPH129-6 were organized into an operon-like gene cluster and present in the same order. This naphthalene gene cluster located in a 97-kb small plasmid of strain CC-NAPH129-6, as can be seen from the PFGE and Southern blot hybridization data. Besides, a partial transposase sequence containing an IS element structure with 12-nt inverted repeat at both ends was found, which was flanked by direct repeats downstream the narC gene in strain CC-NAPH129-6. This novel transposase gene sequence was unlike to the transposase sequence found between narR2 and rub1 genes in Rhodococcus opacus R7. The comparative analyses of the naphthalene catabolic genes, 16S rRNA and gyrB gene present in strain CC-NAPH129-6 and naphthalene-degrading Rhodococcus species imply that the naphthalene catabolic genes in strain CC-NAPH129-6 might be horizontally transferred from Rhodococcus members. This is the first report demonstrating that naphthalene catabolic genes organized into an operon-like gene cluster in the genus Gordonia, and this might provide evidence of the importance of this actinobacterial lineage in the bioremediation of oil-contaminated soils.

Sphingobacterium sp. SW-09에 의한 토양환경에서의 다환 방향족탄화수소인 페난스렌의 분해

We isolated a potent phenanthrene-degrading bacterium from oil-contaminated soils of Suzhou, China, and assessed the potential use of these bacteria for bioremediation of soils contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a microcosm. Based on 16S rDNA sequencing, we identified this bacteria as Sphigobacterium sp. SW-09. By PCR amplification, we also identified catechol 2,3-dioxygenase genes (nahH genes) mediating PAH degradation. Staphylococcus sp. KW-07, which has been identified in our previous study, showed potential for use in bioremediation of oil-contaminated soils. In this experiment, we compared the rate of phenanthrene-degradation between Staphylococcus sp. KW-07 and Sphingobacterium sp. SW-09 in a microcosm condition. Newly isolated Sphingobacterium sp. SW-09 showed a higher phenanthrene-degradation rate than that of Staphylococcus sp. KW-07 in soil microcosms. Together, our results suggest that the Sphingobacterim sp. SW-09 strain isolated from the Suzhou area may also be useful in bioremediation of PAH-contaminated soils.

Degradation of n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in petroleum by a newly isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa DQ8

A bacterial isolate, designated as DQ8, was found capable of degrading diesel, crude oil, n-alkanes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in petroleum. Strain DQ8 was assigned to the genus Pseudomonas aeruginosa based on biochemical and genetic data. The metabolites identified from n-docosane as substrate suggested that P. aeruginosa DQ8 could oxidize n-alkanes via a terminal oxidation pathway. P. aeruginosa DQ8 could also degrade PAHs of three or four aromatic rings. The metabolites identified from fluorene as substrate suggested that P. aeruginosa DQ8 may degrade fluorene via two pathways. One is monooxygenation at C-9 of fluorene, and the other is initiated by dioxygenation at C-3 and C-4 of fluorene. P. aeruginosa DQ8 should be of great practical significance both in bioremediation of oil-contaminated soils and biotreatment of oil wastewater.

Bioremediation of oil-contaminated soils by composting

Composting oil-contaminated soils under field conditions with the simultaneous optimization of their physicochemical and agrochemical parameters revealed the high efficiency of the soil purification, including that from benz[a]pyrene. The application of fertilizers and lime favored the intense development of indigenous microcenoses and the effective destruction of the oil. During the 95-day experimental period, the average daily rate of the oil decomposition was 157 mg/kg of soil. After the completion of the process, the soil became ecologically pure.

Changes in Microbial Populations and Enzyme Activities During the Bioremediation of Oil-Contaminated Soil

In the process of bioremediation in the soil contaminated by different oil concentrations, the changes in the microbial numbers (bacteria and fungi) and the enzyme (catalase (CAT), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and lipase) activities were evaluated over a 2-year period. The results showed that the microbial numbers after 2-year bioremediation were one to ten times higher than those in the initial. The changes in the bacterial and the fungal populations were different during the bioremediation, and the highest microbial numbers for bacteria and fungi were 5.51 x 10(9) CFU g(-1) dry soil in treatment 3 (10,000 mg kg(-1)) in the initial and 5.54 x 10(5) CFU g(-1) dry soil in treatment 5 (50,000 mg kg(-1)) after the 2-year bioremediation period, respectively. The CAT and PPO activities in the contaminated soil decreased with increasing oil concentration, while the lipase activity increased. The activities of CAT and PPO improved after the bioremediation, but lipase activity was on the contrary. The CAT activity was more sensible to the oil than others, and could be alternative to monitor the bioremediation process.

Monitoring Bacterial Population Dynamics Using Real-Time PCR During the Bioremediation of Crude-Oil-Contaminated Soil

We evaluated the activity and abundance of the crude oil- degrading bacterium Nocardia sp. H17-1 during bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil, using real-time PCR. The total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) degradation rate constants (k) of the soils treated with and without H17-1 were 0.103 d-1 and 0.028 d-1, respectively. The degradation rate constant was 3.6 times higher in the soil with H17-1 than in the soil without H17-1. In order to detect and quantify the Nocardia sp. H17-1 in soil samples, we quantified the genes encoding 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA), alkane monooxygenase (alkB4), and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (23CAT) with real-time PCR using SYBR green. The amounts of H17-1 16S rRNA and alkB4 detected increased rapidly up to 1,000-folds for the first 10 days, and then continued to increase only slightly or leveled off. However, the abundance of the 23CAT gene detected in H17-1-treated soil, where H17-1 had neither the 23CAT gene for the degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons nor the catechol 2,3-dioxygenase activity, did not differ significantly from that of the untreated soil (alpha=0.05, p>0.22). These results indicated that H17-1 is a potential candidate for the bioaugmentation of alkane-contaminated soil. Overall, we evaluated the abundance and metabolic activity of the bioremediation strain H17-1 using real-time PCR, independent of cultivation.

Innovative technologies for bio-remediation of oil-contaminated soil in Kuwait

Innovative technologies for bio-remediation of oil-contaminated soil in Kuwait

Bioremediation of Oil-Contaminated Soil

Bioremediation of Oil-Contaminated Soil

Sustainable regeneration of former Mackies site, Belfast

Waste minimisation, recycling and environmental protection are becoming increasingly important in today's construction industry. Facilities for waste disposal have limited capacity and the availability of natural resources is depleting. This paper considers the sustainable redevelopment of a brown field industrial site and identifies significant cost savings to the client during design development and construction. Techniques adopted during the construction phase of the scheme included the on-site crushing of existing concrete structures for reuse and the bioremediation of oil-contaminated soils in windrows. Soils containing heavy metals were contained on site and groundwater contaminated with solvents was treated on site. The treatment and reuse of materials on site proved very successful and also reduced the requirement for waste disposal to landfill. The wildlife environment of the area was maintained and enhanced with the retention of a main badger sett within the site boundary, the creation of landscaped areas and control of Japanese knotweed. The project is being assessed for a CEEQUAL (Civil Engineering Environmental Quality) Whole Project Award.

Advances on bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil in cold region

Advances on bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil in cold region

Bioremediation of oil-contaminated soil: microbiological methods for feasibility assessment and field evaluation

Bioremediation is emerging as a promising technology for the treatment of soil and groundwater contamination. The technology is very effective particularly in dealing with petroleum hydrocarbon contamination. However, bioremediation is a site-specific process and feasibility studies are required before full-scale remediation can be successfully applied. The type and scale of the feasibility studies that will be needed are specific to the bioremediation approach to be employed during full-scale clean-up operation. In all cases however, these studies have the same goals: to accurately determine if specific hydrocarbon contaminants are amenable to biological treatment and to determine the time and cost required to treat the contaminants of concern according to the regulated clean-up criteria. This contribution provides background information on the chemistry and microbiology of hydrocarbon contamination, discusses the prospective of using biological methods for addressing this problem and describes several microbiological methods which can be used for the feasibility assessment of soil bioremediation. The focus of this chapter is to highlight the needs for the integration of laboratory data to full-scale bioremediation.

VOLATILIZATION OF CRUDE OIL FROM SOIL AMENDED WITH BULKING AGENTS

Volatilization of low molecular weight components of spilled crude oil pollutes the atmosphere, but if volatilization can be prevented, these compounds can biodegrade in the soil. Various materials with the potential to act as bulking agents for the purpose of enhancing bioremediation of oil-contaminated soils were tested in the laboratory to determine their effectiveness as sorbents in reducing volatilization of crude oil components. Sawdust, chopped bermudagrass hay, peat, vermiculite, and activated carbon served as the bulking agents and were mixed into the soil at a 1:1 (v:v) ratio immediately after oil was applied. Soils used were a Bowie sandy loam (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Plinthic Paludult) and a Weswood clay loam (fine-silty, mixed thermic Fluventic Ustochent). Soil moisture was adjusted to −0.5 MPa potential, and East Texas crude oil was added to each soil to provide 8% oil on a dry soil weight basis. Incubation temperature was either 10° or 30°C during the 7-day period. Volatile hydrocarbons were analyzed using gas chromatography. At 30°C, soil reduced volatilization by 17%, compared with oil alone, but there was no significant difference between the two soils. Addition of peat or hay reduced oil volatilization further. Activated carbon reduced volatilization losses by 28%. Decreasing the temperature from 30° to 10°C reduced volatilization by approximately 20% for most treatments. Significant amounts of volatile hydrocarbons were lost within the first 4 h after addition of oil to the soil; therefore, it may not be practicable, in many situations, to add bulking agents quickly enough to reduce volatilization significantly.

Bioremediation of Oil-Contaminated Soils by Stimulating Indigenous Microbes

Abstract Two oil-contaminated sites were bioremediated by stimulating indigenous microbes by tilling, liming, and fertilizing; the hydrocarbon contents were reduced by 84% in 7 weeks at one site and by 83% in 56 weeks at the other site. The process was monitored by measuring the most probable number (MPN) of oil-degrading microbes and the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration in soils. Bioremediation occurred at MPNs of 105 to 106 cells g−1 soil, mean water-holding capacities of 54–82% and mean soil pH values of 4.75–5.97. The initial control TPH concentrations remained unchanged at the end of the study at both sites. Bioremediation was not required at depths greater than 6 in except at one location; tilling at 18 in was necessary and remediation took 19 weeks longer than the surface remediation of 56 weeks. As revealed by gas chromatographic analyses of soil extracts before and after bioremediation, the diversity and amounts of hydrocarbons were substantially reduced during bioremediation. There were 10 oil-degrading bacteria isolated from the sites, representing the following genera: Alcaligenes, Actinomyces, Bacillus, Citrobacter, Corynebacterium, Enterobacter, and Pseudomonas.