Bionic Method Research Articles

Mechanical analysis and bionic improvement on buckling of CFRP tubes with high energy absorption capacity

Fiber-reinforced composite tubes have remarkable advantages in energy absorption due to the high specific strength, stiffness, and fracture energy, etc. While, the energy absorption capacity is severely dominated by buckling deformation. To this end, the buckling behaviors and corresponding mechanism of CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced polymer) tubes are systematically investigated in this work. Furthermore, an advanced bionic method referring to bamboo and human bones is adopted to improve the buckling. To effectively analyze the buckling, drop weight impact experiments and corresponding numerical simulations are carried out. The results show that the specific energy absorption (SEA) of CFRP tubes is significantly affected by the diameter-to-height ratio and fiber ply direction, and the influencing mechanism is excessive buckling caused by the geometric characteristics and brittle failure of CFRP. At last, the SEA of CFRP tubes were improved through bio-inspired multi-layered metal/composite hybrid, where the buckling is suppressed reasonably well. The conclusions drawn would be inspiring or guiding the optimal design of high energy-absorbing composite tubes in engineering application.

Research on the Modeling of Series Lighting Products based on Natural Elements in Bionic Design

In modern lighting design, more and more designers use bionic design for product innovation. The article divides the bionic design into three dimensions: whole, part, and detail. On this basis, it proposes simplified bionic and structural redesign. Bionic and texture reorganization are three methods, and the feasibility of the three methods is confirmed through case studies. The simplified bionic method is applied to the actual series of lamps and lanterns design. Rhino and KeyShot are used for 3D modeling and rendering. The final design A series of lamps have been produced to confirm that the design method in the article is effective, and I hope it will be helpful to future lamp designers.

A novel strategy accomplished by cell wall annular thickening with polymer for improving the mechanical performances of plantation wood

Inspired by the multi-level physiological structure of wood cell wall, a bionic method accomplished by annular thickening of cell wall by polymer was proposed to improve the mechanical performances of plantation wood. The thickening mechanism and the contribution of annular thickening of cell wall to the mechanical performances of plantation wood was analyzed. Results indicated that wood cell wall could be annularly thickened by the modification system prepared with water-soluble vinyl monomers and organic solvent. The flexural, compressive and impact strengths of plantation wood were synchronously improved after the treatment. The modulus of rupture of the prepared wood with 22.4% weight percentage gain reached up to 95.7 MPa which was higher than the TB 17 requirement based on the Chinese National Standard (GB 50206). The thickening degree which could be controlled by adjusting modifier concentration was closely related to the mechanical performance of treated wood.

Bio-based polyamide fibers prepared by mussel biomimetic modification of hydroxyapatite

Electrospinning is an efficient way to prepare submicron fibers by electrostatic force. The surface coating of hydroxyapatite by the mussel bionic method can promote the dispersibility of hydroxyapatite in polyamide 56 (PA56) and prevent the agglomeration of the nanomaterial itself. Bio-based nanocomposite fibers were prepared by electrospinning technology using bio-based polyamide 56 and surface-modified hydroxyapatite (PDA@HAP) as spinning dope. Compared with the pure PA56 fiber, the nanocomposite fiber (3 wt% PDA@HAP) was transformed into a super hydrophilic material. In addition, the thermal stability was also significantly improved when the mechanical properties were maintained well. In conclusion, the bio-based polyamide fibers prepared by biomimetic modification of hydroxyapatite by mussel can be used to develop the application of bio-based polyamide in the field of tissue engineering.

A Real-Time Bionic Method Inspired by Neural Oscillators for Estimation and Extraction of Pathological Tremor.

The typical representative of pathological tremor is Parkinson's disease. One of the pathogenesis is that the synchronized neural oscillations within and between brain areas are affected. Inspired by this, this work proposes an algorithm based on neural oscillator to extract voluntary motion and estimate tremor motion in real time, which is named as RTBNO. This algorithm is composed of multiple adaptive modified Hopf oscillators linear combiner. The combiner is divided into two parts: one is used to estimate tremor motion and the other is applied to estimate voluntary motion. As it is updated iteratively in real time, this method has no phase delay. The performance of the proposed method was verified by the simulated action tremor and the actual experimental results of twenty Parkinson's disease patients. For the rest tremor signals of patients, the mean Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values between the estimated signal and the actual signal was 0.0272±0.0077. The mean RMSE values between the estimated voluntary movement from action tremor and the actual voluntary movement were 0.0360±0.0097 (pick and put motion) and 0.0380±0.0083 (drawing motion). The execution time for the corresponding 10 seconds data was 0.0478s. The comparison results between the proposed method and the existing methods demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Organ Chips and Visualization of Biological Systems.

Organ-on-a-chip (OOC) is an emerging frontier cross-cutting science and technology developed in the past 10 years. It was first proposed by the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering of Harvard Medical School. It consists of a transparent flexible polymer the size of a computer memory stick, with hollow microfluidic channels lined with living human cells. Researchers used bionics methods to simulate the microenvironment of human cells on microfluidic chips, so as to realize the basic physiological functions of corresponding tissues and organs in vitro. Transparent chip materials can perform real-time visualization and high-resolution analysis of various human life processes in a way that is impossible in animal models, so as to better reproduce the microenvironment of human tissue and simulate biological systems in vitro to observe drug metabolism and other life processes. It provides innovative research systems and system solutions for in vitro bionics of biological systems. It also has gradually become a new tool for disease mechanism research and new drug development. In this chapter, we will take the current research mature single-organ-on-a-chip and multi-organ human-on-a-chip as examples; give an overview of the research background and underlying technologies in this field, especially the application of in vitro bionic models in visualized medicine; and look forward to the foreseeable future development prospects after the integration of organ-on-chip and organoid technology.

Lightweight design of control arm combining load path analysis and biological characteristics

The existing bionic design methods are based on the similarity theory, but it is difficult to find a bionic prototype with high similarity for the control arm. In this paper, a design method combining load path analysis and biological characteristics is proposed to realize the lightweight of control arm. The load path is used to visualize the load-transferred law in structure and identify the load-bearing performance. Then, the structural improvement suggestions are given and a new control arm with the coupling load of bending moment and pressure is established. Then, the cross-section of wheat-stalk is selected as the cross-section of control arm from four kinds of plants including Bamboo, Wheat-stalk, Juncus, Brazilian Horsetail because of its good bending-resistance and torsion-resistance. The bionic model is designed and the mechanical performance is analyzed and verified by Finite Element Analysis. The results show that the stiffness and strength of the control arm are improved by 65.6% and 22.5% respectively, and its weight is reduced by 32.7%, which show the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method.

A bionic solution to make cement matrix tough

Toughening of cement matrix without fiber has become a great puzzle to be addressed. Conventional polymer-modification methods show the limited toughening effect and the brittle fracture mode has not been altered. Herein, a nacre-inspired solution is proposed to make cement matrix tough by constructing a special “brick-and-mortar” structure which is applicable for cementitious system, and using two polymers to provide the intrinsic and extrinsic toughening effect, respectively. Non-traditional fabrication methods including shearing, granulation, and hot-pressing are adopted to implement the design. The flexural performance and microstructure of untoughened and differently toughened matrixes are investigated to reveal the toughening mechanisms and prove the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. Compared with the untoughened matrix, the toughened matrix through bionic method demonstrates a graceful ductile fracture, and acheives a 323% toughness enhancement while maintains 90% of flexural strength. This work offers prospects for toughening of cement-based materials via bionic approaches.

Teaching Archives Information Management and Quality Diagnosis Method from the Perspective of Collaborative Education Based on Intelligent Computing

With the growth of better education, improving the quality of better education has become a top priority. In order to facilitate the sustainable and healthy growth of better education and continuously improve the quality of education for faculty and staff, the Ministry of Education has established a regular assessment system for undergraduate-level education. This article analyzes the quality diagnosis of teaching archives management from the perspective of collaborative education by using the bionic method and summarizes the three methods. In the precision rate, the user interface is the highest, followed by accuracy, security requirements, hardware environment, system maintenance, and information flow; in the recall rate, the security requirements are the highest, followed by the hardware environment, accuracy, user interface, information flow, and system maintenance; in F1, the user interface is the highest, followed by hardware environment, information flow, accuracy, security requirements, and system maintenance. In the particle swarm optimization coverage algorithm, the security requirements are obtained, the user interface accuracy is relatively high, and the hardware environment is relatively low; the system maintenance and hardware environment are the most covered, and the security requirements are the least; the number of rejected samples is the largest. It is the hardware environment and system maintenance, and the least is the security requirement; the most correct number of rejected samples is the hardware environment and system maintenance. The scientific analysis of the quality diagnosis of teaching archives management from the view of collaborative education is extremely important for improvement of teaching. The archives management system can be effective in the process of the archives hardware environment, security requirements, system maintenance, user interface, information flow, and accuracy. The efficiency of the manual management process is improved, and the process is simplified.

Optimizing the heat source layout of chips using bionic method: Reduction of junction temperature

Optimizing the heat source layout to reduce the junction temperature is an important topic in the thermal design field of chips. However, the relationship between the heat source layout and the junction temperature is still ambiguous, and the optimization method suitable for actual chips is still rare, while it is quite desirable in engineering. In this work, we propose a feasible strategy to optimize the heat source layout using bionic method, and demonstrate the strategy by a flip chip ball grid array (FCBGA) case. The optimized layout can reduce the junction temperature and thermal spreading resistance by 2.38 K and 30.94%, respectively. The mechanism can be attributed to the heat dissipation advantage at the corner and edge positions of the heat source surface and the low temperature coupling between heat sources in the optimization process. This work illustrates a great promising potential of the bionic optimization method in the design of the CPU and GPU chips.

МЕТОДИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ ПРОЄКТУВАННЯ І МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ В ПРОЦЕСІ ФОРМУВАННЯ ПРОЄКТНО-ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ МАЙБУТНІХ УЧИТЕЛІВ ТРУДОВОГО НАВЧАННЯ ТА ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ

In the article, in order to motivate the activity of higher education students to design and technological activities, three groups of ways of motivating this type are substantiated. The first group includes design methods that affect active cognitive activity, promote self-realization of higher education. This includes creative design methods (theory of solving inventive problems, the clause of creative content). In order to motivate future teachers of labor training and technology to form project-technological competence, effective heuristic design methods based on methods of analogy, association, focal objects, bionic method, inversion method, «brainstorming», morphological-combinatorial matrices are identified. inversion and installation design method. The second group of ways to motivate the activity of higher education in the process of design and technological activities includes three methods of modeling: the method of geometric modeling, aimed at creating an idea of the appearance of the prototype; physical-like modeling, which reproduces the dynamics of processes, their values and parameters, types of dependencies and regular relationships that occur in the simulated prototypes; functional-like modeling used in the development of robotic devices that, not having the same physical nature as the prototype, mimic the behavior of living beings and «able» to respond to external stimuli. The third group of ways to motivate the project-technological activity of higher education seekers includes the means of project-technological activity for the study of professionally-oriented disciplines: applications for the Android operating system; computer-aided design (CAD) systems; application of 3D technologies. It is determined that for better mastering of educational material on design and modeling, it is possible to increase the involvement of higher education students in learning by making a group project. As a result, applicants for higher education will learn not only modeling, but also the creation of structures and preparation of the layout for printing. Key words: design, modeling, design-technological competence, teacher of labor education and technologies, design methods, modeling methods.

Aerodynamic performance of horizontal axis wind turbine with application of dolphin head-shape and lever movement of skeleton bionic airfoils

In order to continuously develop the special airfoil for wind turbine and further improve the energy efficiency of wind turbine, based on the bionic airfoil Dol-Rot 24° that was proposed by the streamline contour of the Phocoenoides Dalli, another novel bionic airfoil is constructed combined with the lever movement shape of the dolphin skeleton, and the airfoil is named Dol-Rot 24°-2. For the cross section of NREL phase VI horizontal axis wind turbine blade (S809 airfoil), Dol-Rot 24°, and Dol-Rot 24°-2 are adopted and numerically simulated to quantitatively analyze from both aspects of aerodynamic performance and noise characteristics. Using the above two novel airfoils profiles, two 3D bionic blades named Dol-Blade-1 and Dol-Blade-2 suitable for NREL phase VI HAWT are established. The results show that: compared with S809 airfoil, Dol-Rot 24°-2 airfoil can greatly improve the lift coefficient, while Dol-Rot 24° airfoil can more effectively inhibit the flow separation on the suction surface. In terms of noise characteristics, compared with S809 airfoil, the noise of the two types of dolphin airfoils does not increase significantly. In addition, Dol-Blade-1 can comprehensively improve the low-speed shaft torque of the blade, while the load of the wind turbine hardly changes. The low-speed shaft torque of Dol-Blade-2 is even better than that of Dol-Blade-1. However, the blade root bending moment of Dol-Blade-2 increases obviously, which inevitably increases the load of the wind turbine. In this paper, the new bionic method is proposed to improve the wind energy utilization of wind turbine on the premise of strictly controlling the aerodynamic noise and load level of blade. The research results of this paper can provide a reference for the optimization of energy efficiency and noise research of NREL phase VI HAWT.

Land–Air–Wall Cross-Domain Robot Based on Gecko Landing Bionic Behavior: System Design, Modeling, and Experiment

Based on the bionic behavior of geckos, this paper presents a land–air–wall cross-domain robot which can fly in air, run on the ground, and adhere to various wall surfaces. When geckos jump and adsorb to vertical surfaces such as trunks, they can still adsorb to the wall with a large contact speed. Inspired by this phenomenon, we analyze the mechanism, apply it to our robot, and optimize the design of the robot structure. In addition, geckos use their tails to adjust posture to achieve abdominal landing during the process of falling. Inspired by this phenomenon, based on the rotor lift/power curve, we optimize the center of gravity by controlling the servo angle. The initial center of gravity offset of the robot is estimated by the extended state observer. The method reduces the distance between the center of gravity and the geometric center, balances the load of each propeller, and finally reduces the total power. The experiment and simulation results validate the feasibility of the land–air–wall cross-domain robot and the bionic methods.

Biomineralization of calcium carbonate under amino acid carbon dots and its application in bioimaging

Biomineralization is a common phenomenon in nature, and organisms can prepare functional materials with multi-level ordered structures through biomineralization. Herein, inspired by biomineralization, for the first time, we developed an amino acid quantum dots (ACDs)–CO2-Ca(OH)2 system to study the biomineralization process of CaCO3 in the presence of ACDs. The ACDs could not only control the morphology and crystal form of CaCO3 but also could be doped into CaCO3 during the formation of CaCO3 to form ACDs@CaCO3 organic–inorganic hybrid fluorescent materials which had excellent luminous ability. Meanwhile, the morphology and crystal form of CaCO3 could also be controlled by controlling the CO2 flow rate and rotation speed. After that, a possible biomineralization mechanism of CaCO3 in the presence of ACDs was proposed. Finally, the synthetic spherical ACDs@CaCO3 were applied to the field of biological imaging for the first time. Our work not only provides new bionic methods for the synthesis of multifunctional biomineralized materials and new insights for further understanding of biomineralization mechanism, but also the synthesized new biomineralization fluorescent materials have great application potential in the field of bioimaging.

Biomimetic erythrocytes engineered drug delivery for cancer therapy

Cancer is a significant cause of high mortality, while the adverse reactions caused by traditional chemotherapy inevitably further increase the mortality rate. Although synthetic nanocarriers (NCs) have been applied for cancer treatment, the exogenous particles are usually removed rapidly by the reticuloendothelial system (RES). Taking inspiration from nature, a “camouflage” with red blood cell membranes (RBCMs) makes biomimetic NCs a new research hotspot that attracts more and more researchers’ attention. Using this bionic method, the NCs achieve “stealthy effects” in vivo by separating the particle from the surrounding environment by the RBCMs, thus avoiding the identification of macrophages to acquire a longer half-life time of particles in the blood vessel. Here, we only focus on studying biomimetic drug delivery systems based on engineered erythrocytes. The live erythrocyte, nanoscale vesicles of RBCMs, and NCs coated with RBCMs or hybrid membrane, including RBCMs engineering and preparation, drug loading, escape mechanisms, and core–shell structure, have been discussed. The biomimetic strategies of nanoparticles coating with RBCMs in tumor therapy have been further highlighted.

Directional bionic underwater communication method using a parametric acoustic array and recursive filtering

This paper presents a bionic method for directional covert underwater communication using a parametric acoustic array. This technique can improve the concealment of communication and reduce the probability of its interception, combining the advantages of an underwater parametric acoustic array (low frequency, high directivity, and small size) and marine biological acoustics. Achieving appropriate pre-modulation of the excitation signal is the core of communication with a parametric array due to the nonlinear physical process of self-demodulation. To solve this problem, this the state equation and observation equation are constructed based on the Berktay equation of the parametric matrix, and a recursive Kalman filter modulation method is proposed to approach distortion-free transmission. The algorithm has low computational complexity and is conducive to real-time modulation. More importantly, it can suppress noise in the input signal and reduce its impact on the modulation effect. Using this method, a dolphin whistle signal is transmitted by the parametric array as the symbol for a pattern time delay difference system, which achieves the intended purpose of enhancing the concealment of the communication. The results from simulations and pool experiments show that the system is effective and feasible.

A Bionic Spatial Cognition Model and Method for Robots Based on the Hippocampus Mechanism.

The hippocampus and its accessory are the main areas for spatial cognition. It can integrate paths and form environmental cognition based on motion information and then realize positioning and navigation. Learning from the hippocampus mechanism is a crucial way forward for research in robot perception, so it is crucial to building a calculation method that conforms to the biological principle. In addition, it should be easy to implement on a robot. This paper proposes a bionic cognition model and method for mobile robots, which can realize precise path integration and cognition of space. Our research can provide the basis for the cognition of the environment and autonomous navigation for bionic robots.

Bionic Nonsmooth Drag Reduction Mathematical Model Construction and Subsoiling Verification.

In this study, a bionic nonsmooth drag-reducing surface design method was proposed; a mathematical model was developed to obtain the relationship between the altitude of the nonsmooth drag-reducing surface bulges and the spacing of two bulges, as well as the speed of movement, based on which two subsoiler shovel tips were designed and verified on field experiments. The mechanism of nonsmooth surface drag reduction in soil was analyzed, inspired by the efficient digging patterns of antlions. The nonsmooth surface morphology of the antlion was acquired by scanning electron microscopy, and a movement model of the nonsmooth surface in soil was developed, deriving that the altitude of the nonsmooth drag-reducing surface bulge is proportional to the square of the distance between two bulges and inversely proportional to the square of the movement speed. A flat subsoiler shovel tip and a curved tip were designed by applying this model, and the smooth subsoiler shovel tips and the pangolin scale bionic tips were used as controls, respectively. The effect of the model-designed subsoilers on drag reduction was verified by subsoiling experiments in the field. The results showed that the resistance of the model-designed curved subsoiler was the lowest, the resistance of the pangolin scale bionic subsoiler was moderate, and the resistance of the smooth surface subsoiler was the highest; the resistance of the curved subsoiler was less than the flat subsoilers; the resistance reduction rate of the model-designed curved subsoiler was 24.6% to 33.7% at different depths. The nonsmooth drag reduction model established in this study can be applied not only to the design of subsoilers but also to the design of nonsmooth drag reduction surfaces of other soil contacting parts.

Flower Pollination Algorithm for the Inversion of Schlumberger Sounding Curve

Inversion of schlumberger sounding curve is non-linear, and multi-minimum. All linear inversion strategies can produce local optimum, and depend on the initial model. Meanwhile, the non-linear bionic method for inversion problems does not require an initial model, simple, flexible, derivation-free mechanism and can avoid local optimum. One of the new algorithm of the non-linear bionic method for geophysical inversion problem is the Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA). The FPA is used for the inversion of schlumberger sounding curve. This algorithm was stimulated by the pollination process for blooming plants. The applicability of the present algorithm was tested on synthetic models A-type and KH-type curve. Numerical tests in MATLAB R2013a for the synthetic data and the observed data show that FPA can find the global minimum. For further study, inverted results using the FPA are contrasted with the damped least-square (DLSQR) inversion program, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO). The outcomes of the comparison reveal that FPA performs better than the DLSQR inversion program, PSO, and GWO.

Bionic target localization method based on range-azimuth joint dictionary

The traditional underwater sonar system usually achieve high angle resolution by increasing array aperture and the number of array elements, but this method will inevitably lead to complex system and high cost. Given that big brown bats have obtained surprisingly high resolution using a simple system, this paper proposes a bionic target localization method. First, a range-azimuth joint dictionary was constructed based on the bionic system of multi-harmonic emission and double random array reception. Then, the coherence characteristic of the dictionary was analyzed and the range and azimuth of the target were estimated, and at last the experimental verification was completed. The results show that the bionic range-azimuth joint estimation based on sparse signal representation can achieve high-precision target localization under the condition of echo high aliasing.