Biomedicine Industries Research Articles

Optimization of surface roughness and dimensional accuracy in LPBF additive manufacturing

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is one of the most promising additive manufacturing technologies. It has been utilized in the high level and stringent requirements fields such as aerospace and biomedicine industries. However, compared to subtractive manufacturing, the relatively poor surface finish and dimensional accuracy of the LPBF part hamper its widespread applications. In this work, a data-driven framework is proposed to obtain optimal process parameters of LPBF to get satisfactory surface roughness and dimensional accuracy. The effects of key process parameters on the surface roughness and dimensional accuracy are analyzed. Specifically, a machine learning technique is defined to reflect the dimensional accuracy and the surface roughness of the as-built products under different combinations of process parameters. Considering the limited experimental data, a machine learning model is introduced to predict the surface roughness and dimensional accuracy in the whole process parameters space. Then the predicted value is considered as an objective value when using the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) to search the global optimal process parameters. In the verification experiments, LPBF parts with better surface finish and dimensional accuracy were obtained with optimized process parameters which indicates that the optimized results are consistent with the experimental results.

Application of phase change materials in 4D printing: A review

Evolution in additive manufacturing is rapid nowadays and it has discovered 4th dimension in myriad of engineering applications. 3D printing technology has gained attention in recent years when Skylar Tibbits has introduced 4th dimension i.e. time in it. Phase change materials can transform its shape, size or properties as a response to external stimuli like change in temperatures, PH values, UV radiation, electric field, etc. 3D Printing with the help of phase change materials creates better opportunities within the conditions where human access is sort of impossible. The recent progresses of 4D printing with the help of phase change materials is presented in this review. Various applications of 4D printing technology are covered which has the major role in pharmaceutical industry, biomedicine industry, and soft robotics. This review will provide useful insight for future progresses on applications of phase change materials in 4D printing.

Leaching of gold from flotation waste by thiourea

Throughout human history, gold has been the most sought-after and well-known precious metal in the world. It is synonymous with wealth in the financial market and jewellery. However, its use has a wide range of applicability in biomedicine, electronic engineering and other industries. Primary gold resources are limited and have been significantly depleted in recent decades. To cover the current demand, it is necessary to process secondary sources containing gold such as heaps, tailings, lean ores or electrical waste. New and especially more efficient technological procedures are needed for the processing of these secondary sources. From an environmental point of view, a hydrometallurgical process is considered to be more appropriate than a pyrometallurgical process, in which very toxic fumes enter the air. This work investigates the leaching of gold from flotation wastes using thiourea. It is flotation waste that is the target group of materials that are a source of precious metals. An interesting gold content is present in our waste sample (Hodruša Hámre tailings pond), but its evaluation depends on the setting of suitable technological conditions. In this work, thiourea is used as an alternative leaching agent to toxic cyanide, which is banned in Slovakia and many countries around the world due to its high environmental risk. The results of the study are described with respect to the gold recovery under optimized thiourea leaching conditions.

Heteroglycans from the fruiting bodies of Agrocybe cylindracea: Fractionation, physicochemical properties and structural characterization

Polysaccharide from Agrocybe cylindracea has been demonstrated to exhibit excellently biological functions, but insufficient understanding of its physicochemical property and fine structure limits its wide application and development. In the present study, two water-soluble heteroglycans, a high molecular weight (SACP-40) and a low molecular weight (SACP-80), were isolated from the fruit bodies of A. cylindracea by hot water extraction and gradient ethanol precipitation. There was little difference in their physicochemical properties, including major chemicals and monosaccharide compositions. Rheological measurements revealed SACP-80 was a typical pseudoplastic fluid with shear thinning behavior at the concentration of 3.0%, whereas exhibited a near-Newtonian fluid at lower concentration. SEM observation suggested SACP-80 showed micro-spherical shapes loosely attached to fibrous filament in its surface. Besides, methylation and 1D/2D NMR analysis indicated that SACP-80 was a branched heteroglycan with a backbone composed of β-(1 → 6)-glucopyranosyl, α-(1 → 6)-galactopyranosyl and α-(1 → 2,6)-glucopyranosyl residue at a ratio of 3:1:1. This work provides a theoretical basis for gaining insight into the relationship between the fine structure and viscosity of polysaccharide from A. cylindracea, which could further guide its functional studies and advance the potential application in food and biomedicine industries.

Comprehensive evaluation of alkali-extracted polysaccharides from Agrocybe cylindracea: Comparison on structural characterization

Agrocybe cylindracea is a common source of active polysaccharides, but their fine structures are not clearly elucidated. In the present study, four fractions were purified from the alkaline extract of A. cylindracea (JACP), and their chemical components and structures were compared by HPAEC-PAD, methylation combined with GC–MS, and 1D/2D NMR analysis. Results showed the purified fractions’ physicochemical properties, including monosaccharide compositions, molecular weights, viscosities and surface morphology considerably varied. JACP-30 was identified as a fucoglucogalactan with a α-(1 → 6)-galactopyranosyl as main chain. JACP-50p and JACP-80r were characterized as β-(1 → 6)-glucans with side chains composed of terminal and 3-substituted β-glucopyranosyl residues attached at O-3 for every three residues. Similarly, the backbone of JACP-80 was β-(1 → 6)-linked glucopyranosyl and β-(1 → 3,6)-linked glucopyranosyl residues at a ratio of 4:1. This work provides more information to the understanding of polysaccharides from A. cylindracea, further guiding its biological researches and developing the application in food and biomedicine industries.

Enhancement of collagen deposition in swim bladder of Chu's croaker (Nibea coibor) by proline: View from in-vitro and in-vivo study

The market demand of collagen has been increasing over years as its wide application in food, comestic and biomedicine industries. Swim bladder is an ideal optional source for collagen production and has long been considered as a traditional tonic in China. Therefore, strategies to improve collagen content in the swim bladder would confer to producing products with high nutrition and economic value. However, little was known in the regulatory mechanism on collagen deposition in fish, especially in the swim bladder. Here, we reported an in-vivo and in-vitro study of proline's effects on collagen deposition in a famous economic marine fish, Chu's croaker (Nibea coibor) for the first time. It was demonstrated that proline significantly improved collagen content in the swim bladder of N. coibor, although no obvious enhancement in growth performance was observed. By RNA-sequencing and qRT-PCR, several genes involved in collagen biosynthesis (Col1a1, Col1a2 and CTGF) and degradation (TIMP2) were identified and validated to be up-regulated in the swim bladder of fish fed with proline supplementation. Furthermore, the effects of proline on collagen deposition and related gene expression were confirmed in swim bladder cell of N. coibor. These results suggested that proline promoted collagen deposition in swim bladder mainly through enhancing collagen biosynthesis and inhibiting collagen degradation. Our data would help to understand the molecular mechanism of collagen deposition in the species and develop new strategies of producing fish products with higher quality.

Comparative study of chemical compositions and antioxidant activities of Zhizi fruit extracts from different regions

The fruits of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis are folk medicines in China and their major components are geniposide and water soluble pigment crocins. This study compared the chemical profiles and free radical scavenging activities of two Zhizi species from five provinces of China, including Jiangxi, Anhui, Hunan, Sichuan and Henan. The results showed that Jiangxi Zhizi contained higher levels of volatiles (71.84%), crocins (20.38 mg/g), geniposide (31.36 mg/g) and flavonoids (84.42 μg quercetin/mg) than four other Zhizi fruits; whereas Hunan Zhizi provided higher total phenolics (33.81 μg catechin/mg) and ABTS/DPPH radical scavenging activities. These findings implied that Jiangxi Zhizi would be suitable for extraction of gardenia yellow and geniposide, as well as preparation of essential oil. This information may provide valuable guidance for application of Zhizi fruits to biomedicine industry in China.

Study on the Evaluation of Financing Efficiency and Influencing Factors of Chinese Biology Medicine Industry

In this paper, we use the four stage DEA method to measure and evaluate the financing efficiency of China's biopharmaceutical industry. Besides that, we analyze the dynamic change trend by using Malmquist index. The research shows that the financing efficiency of China's biomedicine industry has failed to achieve its effectiveness generally. There are much room to improve. And the macro environment and micro environment all affect its financing efficiency in varying degrees. We suggest that government should provide a better financing ecological environment and widening financing channels. At the same time, enterprises themselves should also improve their ability of finds using, in order to improve the total financing efficiency of China's biopharmaceutical industry and make the industry develop more quickly.

Patent analysis and classification prediction of biomedicine industry: SOM-KPCA-SVM model

This paper proposed the application of a combinatorial model of machine learning to patent quality classification and forecasting in the biomedical industry. The model consists of three methods: Self-Organizing Map (SOM), Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA) and Support Vector Machine (SVM), and names it SOM-KPCA-SVM model. The model proposed in this paper is implemented in two steps. First, the SOM groups the patent data and defines the patent level. Second, the patent data is reduced by KPCA to decrease noise, and SVM is applied to KPCA’s patent data to derive the classification results. The study collected 11,251 biopharmaceutical patent data from the patent transaction news. After training the patent quality model, 2196 historical patents were used to verify the performance of the training model. The accuracy of the match between experimental results and actual transaction status reached 84.13%. Therefore, the proposed patent quality method as a preliminary screening solution automatically and effectively evaluates the quality of patents. This method saves valuable time for reviewing experts, facilitates the rapid identification of high-quality patents, and can be used for the development of commercialization and mass customization of products.

Cryogenic Milling: Study of the Effect of CO2 Cooling on Tool Wear When Machining Inconel 718, Grade EA1N Steel and Gamma TiAl

The need for machining advanced materials has increased exponentially in recent years. Ni-based alloys, Ti-based alloys or some steel grades are commonly used in transport, energy generation or biomedicine industries due to their excellent properties that combine hardness, high temperature strength and corrosion resistance. These desirable properties make such alloys extremely difficult to machine, inducing a quick cutting tool wear that must be overcome. In the last decade, cryogenic machining has emerged in order to improve the machining of these materials. By means of cryogenic fluids such as cutting coolants, significant improvements in the life of cutting tools are obtained. However, most studies on this new technology are focused on turning processes, because of the difficulty of introducing cryogenic fluids through a rotary tool in processes such as drilling and milling. In this study, a cryogenic milling system integrated within the tool holder is used for milling Gamma TiAl, Inconel 718 and grade EA1N steel using carbon dioxide as a coolant. This system has been compared with the traditional cooling method (emulsion) in terms of tool life to check if it is possible to improve the machining operation in terms of efficiency by supplying the cryogenic coolant directly to the cutting zone. The results show that by replacing traditional pollutant cooling fluids with other more ecologically-friendly alternatives, it is possible to improve tool life by 100% and 175% in the cases of Gamma TiAl and grade EA1N steel, respectively, when using the new delivery system for the coolant.

Highly sensitive Mach-Zehnder fibre temperature sensor fabricated by two-photon polymerization

ABSTRACTA fibre-based Mach–Zehnder (MZ) temperature sensor based on an ultra-long polymer waveguide integrated in an open-cavity multimode optical fibre is presented and analysed. A two-photon polymerization method was used to fabricate the polymer waveguide in the centre of the open-cavity. The air cavity and polymer waveguide constitute the reference arm and the sensing arm of the interferometer. Measurements show that the temperature sensitivity of the sensor can reach up to –205 pm/°C owing to the high thermo-optical coefficient of the polymer waveguide. We believe that the proposed sensor could have useful applications in biomedicine, environmental science, and other industries owing to its high sensitivity, biocompatibility, and good stability.

Aplysin Protects Against Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury Via Alleviating Oxidative Damage and Modulating Endogenous Apoptosis-Related Genes Expression in Rats.

Many natural components derived from alga have been used in the food, cosmetics, and biomedicine industries. Aplysin, a marine bromosesquiterpene, was extracted from the red alga Laurencia tristicha, which could effectively protect against alcohol-induced liver injury, might be a potential natural sources for preventing alcoholic liver damage.

The Dilemmas and Strategies of Chinese Marine Bio-medicine Industry

Marine bio-medicine industry is recognized as one of the most promising industries in the 21st century. The State Oceanic Administration of China has put the development of marine bio-medicine industry into the national strategic level. This article reviewed the development of Marine Bio-medicine Industry in China, argued that issues in human resources, innovation, demand, R&D investment and technology transfer mechanism restrained the development of the industry. It is concluded that, in order to promote the development of marine biological medicine and narrow the gap between developed countries, the government should increase capital investment and strengthen policy support. Enterprises should devote more to the ability of independent innovation, improvement of the industrial mechanism and market exploitation.

Absorption behavior of small biomolecules on carbon nanotube by density functional theory

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are famous one-dimensional function materials with important applications in energy storage and biomedicine industry. Biomolecules adsorbed in CNTs also have enormous potential in drug and gene delivery or disease supervision. With density functional theory, small biomolecules like H2O and CO were packaged into CNTs, which was studied for their interaction and vibrational frequencies. Based on the results, electron density of CNTs would be weaken or dispersed with adsorption of small molecules, while no direct bonding can be observed in electron cloud. Typical vibrational frequencies of them could be used to characterized and distinguished easily both in simulation and experiments.

Modificaciones físicas, químicas y enzimáticas y sus efectos sobre las propiedades de las películas de quitosano

Las recientes investigaciones en el campo de biopolímeros han intentado brindar soluciones tecnológicas a los retos en el campo de la ciencia y la tecnología de los materiales. En los últimos años, se han llevado a cabo investigaciones con el objetivo de modificar las propiedades de películas empleando tratamientos enzimáticos y físicos, tales como la aplicación de radiaciones, pulsos eléctricos, plasma, tratamientos térmicos, uso de fluidos supercríticos, así como la conformación de películas en multicapas. Estas modificaciones cambian las propiedades antimicrobianas, físicas y químicas de las películas de quitosano y permiten desarrollar una extensa cantidad de aplicaciones en los campos de biomedicina, farmacología, biotecnología y en la industria de cosméticos y de alimentos. El objetivo del presente artículo de revisión es dar a conocer los nuevos avances en el campo de modificaciones físicas y enzimáticas de películas de quitosano explicando diferentes técnicas empleadas en los últimos años.

Research on the Eco-Cluster and Low-Carbon Technology Innovation of Biomedicine Industry in China

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the eco-cluster and low-carbon technology innovation of biomedicine industry in China.METHODS:In the context of the construction of ecological civilization, To analyze the status and existing problems of Chinese bio-pharmaceutical industry cluster and to explore viable industry gathering mode and low-carbon technologies innovative ways.CONCLUSIONS:Ecological industry is the fundamental way out of structure optimization and upgrading of China’s bio pharmaceutical industry. The development of Chinese bio-pharmaceutical industry must take the path of ecological gather and the key step lies in the low carbon technology innovation of biopharmaceutical.

Size-Dependent Effect of Zinc Oxide on Toxicity and Inflammatory Potential of Human Monocytes

With the rapid development of nanomedicines, it is important to understand their potential immunotoxicity. Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles have several applications in the pharmaceutical and biomedicine industries. This study investigates the effect of particles size (nano and micro) of ZnO on viability, phagocytosis, and cytokine induction in human monocytes, THP-1 cells, a model of the innate immune system. Cells were incubated with nano (approximately 100 nm) and micro (approximately 5 μm) sized ZnO particles in a concentration range of 10–100 μg/ml. The parameters measured included the MTT assay, phagocytosis assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), gene expression, and DNA analysis. ZnO particles significantly decreased cell viability in a size- and concentration-dependent manner associated with significant alterations in phagocytic capacity of monocytes. Exposure of THP-1 cells to both sizes of ZnO stimulated and increased release of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-6, as well as chemokine IL-8, and upregulated the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 genes. However, ZnO particles did not markedly affect monocytes DNA. Collectively, these results suggest higher propensity of nano ZnO particles in inducing cytotoxicity and inflammation in human monocytes regardless of micro size, and caution needs to be taken concerning their biological application.

Analysis of biomedical industrial development strategy in Shiyan area based on SWOT

Relying on unique wild Chinese crude drug, animal and plant resources of Wudang Mountain and Shennongjia, biological pharmacy technology and talent advantages, Shiyan area has a definite competitive advantage in the development of biomedicine industry. This paper analyzed the current situation of biomedical industry and put forward corresponding strategies in Shiyan area based on SWOT. Key words: Shiyan; Biological medince; SWOT analysis

Large HTS Magnet Made by Improved DI-BSCCO Tapes

Performance of the high temperature superconductor (HTS) is rapidly progressing and applications of the HTS are also improving. Significant enhancements in Jc in Bi2223 long wires have been achieved. The wires produced by Sumitomo Electric Ind., are named DI-BSCCO (Dynamically Innovative bismuth-based HTS wire). A cryo-cooled high-field high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnet, which is made of this DI-BSCCO and has a room-temperature bore of 200 mm in diameter, has been developed and tested up to 8.1 T. The design study of the magnet using the latest DI-BSCCO shows that the higher magnetic field can be produced with almost the same size of the magnet. This magnet can also be used in various industries such as bio-medicine, semiconductor and environmental industries.

General Information & Statistics

Research Facility at Macquarie University Joins International Proteomic Alliance. Public Databases have Errors and no Quick Fix. Genetic Viability of Australian Grasslands and Heathlands. China Drafts Biotechnology Accord with Brazil. China Calls for Closer Cooperation with US in Biomedical Research. Opportunities in China's Biomedicine Industry. China Aims to Be Leading Pharmacy Processing Center. Geneticist Tsui Lap Chee Appointed as Vice Chancellor of University of Hong Kong. India to Start Growing Pest-resistant Cotton. Health Ministry Confirms Fourth Mad Cow Case. Importance of Japanese Funding to Rice Genomics. Bio Expo Korea 2002 Scheduled for September. Korea Establishes an Arctic Science Base. The Sciences not Popular among Korean Students. Soya Bean the Only GM Food in the Malaysian Market. Fear Prevents AIDS Patients from Getting Cheaper Treatment. Biotech Industry Receives Big Funding. Genome Institute of Singapore Moves to New Facility. Scientist Lays out his Vision for the Life Sciences in Singapore. Industry Conference on Lab Design and Management. Singapore and University of Washington form Bioengineering Alliance. Taiwan Hsinchu Science Park's March Trade Highest in One Year. New Drug for ED Going on Sale Soon. Traders Urged to Market Higher Quality Rice. Hybrid Rice Meeting in Vietnam.