Biomedical Engineering Department Research Articles

Macroporous 3D scaffolds for studying mesenchymal stem cell migration and differentiation within cartilage defects

Event Abstract Back to Event Macroporous 3D scaffolds for studying mesenchymal stem cell migration and differentiation within cartilage defects Glendon C. Plumton1, Isaac M. Adjei1, Alfonso Martin-Pena2, Glyn D. Palmer2 and Blanka Sharma1 1 University of Florida, J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, United States 2 University of Florida, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, United States Introduction: Damaged cartilage is incapable of self-repair and continues to be a significant clinical challenge. Endogenous recruitment of native stem cells has received increased attention due to fewer regulatory burdens compared to cell delivery. One promising strategy is to combine biomaterials with surgical microfracture techniques to promote an endogenous repair response in cartilage defects[1]. Microfracture entails creating holes in the subchondral bone to facilitate bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell migration[2], and the biomaterial provides a chondroconductive environment. However, the mechanisms of cellular migration and differentiation during this process remain largely unknown. Our goal is to develop a hydrogel system to control/study stem cell migration and differentiation in situ. We have developed a hydrogel in which internal porosity can be controlled and lentiviral vectors with conditionally active promoters can transfect cells infiltrating the hydrogel and enable tracking of chondrogenesis. Materials and Methods: Gelatin microspheres (150-300 µm) were added to a polymer solution of 10% w/v poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (MW 3400), 2.5 mg/mL sodium hyaluronate, and 0.5% Irgacure 2959 photoinitiator. The solution was cast into molds, crosslinked with UV light, incubated at 37°C to melt the gelatin microspheres, and imaged on a scanning electron microscope. Viral vectors were made to include Col2-Luc/EF1-GFP, or Col2-GFP/EF1-tdTomato. Viral vectors were mixed in polymer solution and equine MSCs (20 million cells/ml) and crosslinked. Nanoporous (n=5) and macroporous (n=3) hydrogels were produced, with media containing secreted luciferase collected at t=7, 10, 14 days and quantified using a bioluminescence assay. Confocal fluorescence microscopy was performed on the hydrogels. Nanoporous hydrogels containing Col2-GFP/EF1-tdTomato cells were imaged. Results and Discussion: A high degree of interconnected porosity was observed, and the architecture and porosity were adjustable. The viral vectors cause all viable MSCs to fluoresce green (EF1-GFP) or red (EF1-tdTomato), and MSCs undergoing chondrogesis will either secrete luciferase (Col2-Luc) or fluoresce green (Col2-GFP), depending on the reporter construct used.Secreted luciferase was found in all hydrogels with encapsulated Col2-Luc/EF1-GFP viral vectors, indicating that in situ transfection occurred. Using confocal imaging, transfected cellular clusters were identified due to GFP presence. Imaging of hydrogels with encapsulated Col2-GFP/EF1-tdtomato viral vectors demonstrated the ability to conditionally express GFP in Col2+ cells, enabling identification of MSCs undergoing chondrogenesis. Conclusion: These results support the development of a system to study the mechanisms of cellular migration and differentiation in biomaterial-enhanced microfracture repair. The feasibility of in situ transfection was established, and future studies will investigate migration and differentiation in vitro and in vivo using this platform. Insights gained from these studies could ultimately be used to develop more effective cartilage repair approaches in patients, as well as provide greater understanding of cell-material interactions in other systems where endogenous stem cells are harnessed for tissue repair .

Titanium surface properties indirectly regulate osteoclasts via osteoblast lineage cells

Titanium surface properties indirectly regulate osteoclasts via osteoblast lineage cells

Glycosaminoglycan-based hydrogels with tunable sulfation and degradation for anti-inflammatory small molecule delivery

Event Abstract Back to Event Glycosaminoglycan-based hydrogels with tunable sulfation and degradation for anti-inflammatory small molecule delivery Liane Tellier1*, Yifeng Peng1* and Johnna S. Temenoff1, 2* 1 Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, United States 2 Georgia Institute of Technology, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, United States Introduction: Crystal violet (CV) is a small molecule shown to have anti-bacterial, anti-fungal & more recently, anti-inflammatory properties in part by acting as a Nox & angiopoietin-2 (ang-2) inhibitor[1]. Though treatment for many inflammatory conditions would ideally be delivered with zero order release kinetics, this remains particularly challenging for small molecule drugs such as CV. Therefore, to tune CV release kinetics we have developed a CV-loaded glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-based hydrogel system with heparin (a highly sulfated GAG) of varying sulfation levels (affects CV affinity) & with varying amounts of degradable crosslinker (affects hydrogel degradation). It is hypothesized that more sulfated heparin hydrogels will release bioactive CV over a longer period than more desulfated heparin hydrogels & that varying hydrogel degradation will allow us to further tune the rate of CV release. Methods: Hydrogels were prepared via free radical polymerization with 90 wt% water, 9 wt% PEG diacrylate (PEGDA), 1 wt% heparin, & 0, 30, or 42 mol% hydrolytically degradable crosslinker (DTT) for non-, slow-, & fast-degrading hydrogels, respectively. N-desulfated (Hep-N), 6O,N-desulfated (Hep-N,-6O) & fully desulfated (Hep-) heparin were prepared & functionalized with methacrylamide groups. CV was preloaded (20mg) into the hydrogel precursor prior to crosslinking. To quantify CV release, hydrogel supernatant was removed & the amount of CV was measured with a plate reader (absorption at 590nm) every 2 days. CV bioactivity was assessed by incubating hydrogel supernatant diluted to ~20μM with bEnd.3 cells & quantifying bEnd.3 ang-2 gene expression via PCR. Results: CV release kinetics were dependent on heparin sulfation level, whereby more sulfated heparin hydrogels (Hep&Hep-N) exhibited a linear release profile, whereas more desulfated hydrogels (Hep-N,-6O&Hep-) released significantly more CV at Day 1, followed by more plateaued release over 9-15 days (Fig1). Moreover, slow-degrading hydrogels required at least 2 additional days to release an equivalent amount of CV as fast-degrading hydrogels with the same heparin derivative. Finally, after incubating hydrogel releasate with bEnd.3 cells, bEnd.3 ang-2 gene expression was significantly lower than the no treatment control & was not significantly different from the 20μM soluble CV, indicating that CV maintained its bioactivity after release from hydrogels (Fig2). Conclusion: We have fabricated GAG-based hydrogels with heparin derivatives of varying sulfation levels (alters CV release kinetics) & with varying concentrations of DTT (alters hydrogel degradation & CV release rate). In this way, we have developed a highly tailorable hydrogel platform & have achieved near zero-order release of bioactive CV in particular formulations. Thus, in the future, this system can be utilized in vivo with the unique advantage of releasing small molecule anti-inflammatories such as CV in a sustained manner over a period of weeks. We would like to acknowledge NIH R01 AR063692.

Dynamics of animal systems

N. Abaid, S. Butail, M. Porfiri, and D. Spinello 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA 2 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, New Delhi 110020, India 3 Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, USA 4 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada

Embryonic development of the right ventricular outflow tract and arrhythmias

Bastiaan J. Boukens, PhD, Ruben Coronel, MD, PhD, FHRS, Vincent M. Christoffels, PhD From the Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC, Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Physiology, Department of Clinical and Experiment Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, IHU Institut de Rythmologie et Modelisation Cardiaque, Fondation Bordeaux Universite, Bordeaux, France, and Inserm U1045 CRCTB, Universite de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.

Efficacy of Acupuncture for Bell's Palsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Acupuncture has emerged as an alternative therapy for Bell’s palsy in both adults and children. However, the use of acupuncture is controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of acupuncture for Bell’s palsy. We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, irrespective of any language restrictions. Randomized controlled trials comparing acupuncture with other therapies for Bell’s palsy in adults or children were included. Fourteen randomized controlled trials involving 1541 individuals were included in this metaanalysis. Significant association was observed in acupuncture with a higher effective response rate for Bell’s palsy (relative risk, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.04e1.25; P Z 0.005) but there was a heterogeneity among the studies (I2 Z 87%). An assessment of the included studies revealed a high risk of bias in methodological quality. An evaluation of the incidence of complications was not available, owing to incomplete data. Acupuncture seems to be an effective therapy for Bell’s palsy, but there was insufficient evidence to support the efficacy and safety of acupuncture. However, the results should be interpreted cautiously, because of the poor quality and heterogeneity of the included studies. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jams.2015.07.005 (2) BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Volume 14, Issue 1, Article Number 324 Pain and Sensory Detection Threshold Response to Acupuncture Is Modulated by Coping Strategy and Acupuncture Sensation Jeungchan Lee, Vitaly Napadow, Kyungmo Park* *Corresponding Author’s Affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea. saenim@khu.ac.kr. Abstract Background: Acupuncture has been shown to reduce pain, and acupuncture-induced sensation may be important for this analgesia. In addition, cognitive coping strategies can influence sensory perception. However, the role of coping strategy on acupuncture modulation of pain and sensory thresholds, and the association between acupuncture sensation and these modulatory effects, is currently unknown. pISSN 2005-2901 eISSN 2093-8152

Harnessing novel modalities: field carcinogenesis detection for personalizing prostate cancer management.

Department of Internal Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA Biomedical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA Urology Department, NorthShore University HealthSystems, Evanston, IL 60201, USA *Author for correspondence: Tel.: +1 617 638 8345; hkroy@bu.edu

Near-infrared antimicrobial PDT for S. pneumoniae and its effects on macrophage RAW 264.7 cells

Necla Kenar1,2, Lun Ma3, Byung Koo Lee2, Hyun Soo Lim2,4,5, Wei Chen3 1 Department of Physics, Science and Literature Faculty, Kocaeli University, Turkey 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Republic of Korea 3 Department of Physics and The SAVANT Center, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA 4 Department of Electric-Electronic Engineering, Technology Faculty, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey 5 Sakarya Teknokent, Sakarya, Turkey

Investigation of effects of self-lighting nanoparticle photodynamic therapy on the treatment of terminal stage cancers: An animal study

Necla Kenar1,2, Lun Ma3, Byung Koo Lee2, Hyun Soo Lim2,4,5, Wei Chen3 1 Department of Physics, Science and Literature Faculty, Kocaeli University, Turkey 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Republic of Korea 3 Department of Physics and The SAVANT Center, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA 4 Department of Electric-Electronic Engineering, Technology Faculty, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey 5 Sakarya Teknokent, Sakarya, Turkey

Curcumin: A new approach for eliminating microorganisms that cause onychomycosis

Necla Kenar1,2, Lun Ma3, Byung Koo Lee2, Hyun Soo Lim2,4,5, Wei Chen3 1 Department of Physics, Science and Literature Faculty, Kocaeli University, Turkey 2 Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Republic of Korea 3 Department of Physics and The SAVANT Center, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA 4 Department of Electric-Electronic Engineering, Technology Faculty, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey 5 Sakarya Teknokent, Sakarya, Turkey

Computerized dosimetry planning for Vascular Targeted Photodynamic therapy with WST-11 for prostate cancer

s / Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy 12 (2015) 325–375 331 concentrations. We show that with this additional constraint, the uncertainties of photochemical parameters can be reduced. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.07.028 Ambulatory photodynamic therapy of skin cancer I.D.W. Samuel1, O. Kulyk1, A. McNeill 1, H. Moseley2, J. Ferguson2, S. Ibbotson2 1 Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK 2 Photobiology Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK Photodynamic therapy is an effective treatment for superficial non-melanoma skin cancers and pre-cancers. We report the development of wearable light sources for PDT, and also a camera used to measure the distribution of protoporphyrin IX, and clinical results of the use of these devices. Two factors limiting the widespread use of PDT are the availability of suitable light sources, and pain encountered by patients during treatment. Our work shows that recent advances in optoelectronics including organic light-emitting diodes provide an attractive path to compact wearable light sources, and sensors for medical applications. These light sources can be disposable and could remove the need for prolonged hospital visits for PDT. In addition to enabling convenient ambulatory treatment, they enable treatment to be delivered with lower light intensity for a longer time. Our clinical studies show that this approach leads to effective treatment and furthermore greatly reduces pain. Of 78 patientswith 124 lesions (mainly superficial basal cell carcinoma and Bowen’s disease), the median visual analogue (VAS) pain score for ambulatory PDT was 2 (range 0–9) comparedwith6 (range1–10) forhospital-basedconventional PDT. Seventy-eight patients with 87 lesions have been followed up to one year after treatment and clearance was seen in 79 patients (91%). We will also present results from a camera that quantitatively measures fluorescence from protoporphyrin IX, enabling its formation and distribution to studied. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.07.029 Computerized dosimetry planning for Vascular Targeted Photodynamic therapy with WST-11 for prostate cancer N. Betrouni1, S. Boukris2, B. Gaillac3, A.R. Azzouzi4, F. Benzaghou3 1 INSERM, U1189, Lille University Hospital, France 2 Device Department, Steba Biotech, Paris, France 3 Medical Department, Steba Biotech, Paris, France 4 University Hospital, Angers, France WST11 TOOKAD® Soluble is an intravascular photosensitizer drug administrated to patient in the operating room and activated by light diffusing optical fibers inserted transperineally inside the prostate under ultrasound guidance to target the focus. Phase 3 clinical trials ofWST11 are on-going. A drug dose (4mg/patient kg) wasdefinedasoptimal. It is activatedusingawavelengthof753nm. Light is delivered through cylindrical light diffusers at the rate of 0.15W/cm during 1333 s. The last issue that has to be solved is the determination of the light dose to be applied. It is expressed in term of light diffusers: number, lengths and positions inside the prostate gland. A first solutionwas introduced based on the resolution of the light diffusion equation. In this study,wepropose a novel approach. It presents the advantage of being fast and suitable for clinical conditions.Wehave defined amean actionmodel ofWST11 in prostate tissues by retrospective analysis of previous trials data. The model is applied in an optimization process to determine the light dose. Evaluation of the platform on clinical data showed that prediction of the therapy outcome was possible with an accuracy of 90%. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.07.030 Micro-vascular effects of photodynamic therapy in tumors evaluated with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI Tom Schreurs, Gustav Strijkers, Holger Grull, Klaas Nicolay Biomedical Engineering Department, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands Tumor heterogeneity and complex dosimetry make prediction of PDT outcome challenging. Therefore, the aim of this studywas to use dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE-)MRI for early monitoring of treatment efficacy. Mice with subcutaneous CT26 tumors received the photosensitizer Bremachlorin intravenously, activated 6h later by 655nm light. DCE-MRI, using Gd-DOTA, was performed before, 3h, and 24h after treatment. Tumor contrast enhancement and derived perfusion/permeability parameter Ktrans were spatially compared to histologically determined tissue viability. Viability staining showed that control tumors were largely viable. Treated tumors were mostly viable after 3h, but largely non-viable after 24h. DCE-MRI revealed that the average non-enhanced tumor fraction increased from 3.2% before PDT, to 24% after 3h, and 77% after 24h. The average Ktrans decreased from 0.25 to 0.09min−1 right after PDT. DCE-MRI could be used to visualize reduction in perfusion 3h after PDT, and nearly complete vascular shutdown after 24h. These effects could not be correlated to tumor viability yet, due to the lack of heterogeneity in the viability results. Additional experiments will be performed with milder treatment, to obtain more dispersion in viability. Previous results did suggest spatial correlation between remaining Gd-DOTA uptake after 24h, and tumor recurrence after multiple days. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.07.031 Performance characterization of a low-cost spatial frequency domain imaging system for the determination of optical properties in tissue-simulating phantoms and in vivo Arash Darafsheh, Emily A. Kraus, Michele M. Kim, Timothy C. Zhu, Jarod C. Finlay Department of Radiation Oncology, University of

Ambulatory photodynamic therapy of skin cancer

s / Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy 12 (2015) 325–375 331 concentrations. We show that with this additional constraint, the uncertainties of photochemical parameters can be reduced. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.07.028 Ambulatory photodynamic therapy of skin cancer I.D.W. Samuel1, O. Kulyk1, A. McNeill 1, H. Moseley2, J. Ferguson2, S. Ibbotson2 1 Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK 2 Photobiology Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK Photodynamic therapy is an effective treatment for superficial non-melanoma skin cancers and pre-cancers. We report the development of wearable light sources for PDT, and also a camera used to measure the distribution of protoporphyrin IX, and clinical results of the use of these devices. Two factors limiting the widespread use of PDT are the availability of suitable light sources, and pain encountered by patients during treatment. Our work shows that recent advances in optoelectronics including organic light-emitting diodes provide an attractive path to compact wearable light sources, and sensors for medical applications. These light sources can be disposable and could remove the need for prolonged hospital visits for PDT. In addition to enabling convenient ambulatory treatment, they enable treatment to be delivered with lower light intensity for a longer time. Our clinical studies show that this approach leads to effective treatment and furthermore greatly reduces pain. Of 78 patientswith 124 lesions (mainly superficial basal cell carcinoma and Bowen’s disease), the median visual analogue (VAS) pain score for ambulatory PDT was 2 (range 0–9) comparedwith6 (range1–10) forhospital-basedconventional PDT. Seventy-eight patients with 87 lesions have been followed up to one year after treatment and clearance was seen in 79 patients (91%). We will also present results from a camera that quantitatively measures fluorescence from protoporphyrin IX, enabling its formation and distribution to studied. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.07.029 Computerized dosimetry planning for Vascular Targeted Photodynamic therapy with WST-11 for prostate cancer N. Betrouni1, S. Boukris2, B. Gaillac3, A.R. Azzouzi4, F. Benzaghou3 1 INSERM, U1189, Lille University Hospital, France 2 Device Department, Steba Biotech, Paris, France 3 Medical Department, Steba Biotech, Paris, France 4 University Hospital, Angers, France WST11 TOOKAD® Soluble is an intravascular photosensitizer drug administrated to patient in the operating room and activated by light diffusing optical fibers inserted transperineally inside the prostate under ultrasound guidance to target the focus. Phase 3 clinical trials ofWST11 are on-going. A drug dose (4mg/patient kg) wasdefinedasoptimal. It is activatedusingawavelengthof753nm. Light is delivered through cylindrical light diffusers at the rate of 0.15W/cm during 1333 s. The last issue that has to be solved is the determination of the light dose to be applied. It is expressed in term of light diffusers: number, lengths and positions inside the prostate gland. A first solutionwas introduced based on the resolution of the light diffusion equation. In this study,wepropose a novel approach. It presents the advantage of being fast and suitable for clinical conditions.Wehave defined amean actionmodel ofWST11 in prostate tissues by retrospective analysis of previous trials data. The model is applied in an optimization process to determine the light dose. Evaluation of the platform on clinical data showed that prediction of the therapy outcome was possible with an accuracy of 90%. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.07.030 Micro-vascular effects of photodynamic therapy in tumors evaluated with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI Tom Schreurs, Gustav Strijkers, Holger Grull, Klaas Nicolay Biomedical Engineering Department, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands Tumor heterogeneity and complex dosimetry make prediction of PDT outcome challenging. Therefore, the aim of this studywas to use dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE-)MRI for early monitoring of treatment efficacy. Mice with subcutaneous CT26 tumors received the photosensitizer Bremachlorin intravenously, activated 6h later by 655nm light. DCE-MRI, using Gd-DOTA, was performed before, 3h, and 24h after treatment. Tumor contrast enhancement and derived perfusion/permeability parameter Ktrans were spatially compared to histologically determined tissue viability. Viability staining showed that control tumors were largely viable. Treated tumors were mostly viable after 3h, but largely non-viable after 24h. DCE-MRI revealed that the average non-enhanced tumor fraction increased from 3.2% before PDT, to 24% after 3h, and 77% after 24h. The average Ktrans decreased from 0.25 to 0.09min−1 right after PDT. DCE-MRI could be used to visualize reduction in perfusion 3h after PDT, and nearly complete vascular shutdown after 24h. These effects could not be correlated to tumor viability yet, due to the lack of heterogeneity in the viability results. Additional experiments will be performed with milder treatment, to obtain more dispersion in viability. Previous results did suggest spatial correlation between remaining Gd-DOTA uptake after 24h, and tumor recurrence after multiple days. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.07.031 Performance characterization of a low-cost spatial frequency domain imaging system for the determination of optical properties in tissue-simulating phantoms and in vivo Arash Darafsheh, Emily A. Kraus, Michele M. Kim, Timothy C. Zhu, Jarod C. Finlay Department of Radiation Oncology, University of

Left Atrial Appendage Morphology and Physiology: "The Missing Piece in the Puzzle".

Journal of Cardiovascular ElectrophysiologyVolume 26, Issue 9 p. 928-933 Editorial Comment Left Atrial Appendage Morphology and Physiology: “The Missing Piece in the Puzzle” JORGE ROMERO M.D., JORGE ROMERO M.D. Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Bronx, New York, USA Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USASearch for more papers by this authorANDREA NATALE M.D., ANDREA NATALE M.D. Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute at St. David's Medical Center, Austin, Texas, USA Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA Division of Cardiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA Scripps Clinic, San Diego, California, USA Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas, USASearch for more papers by this authorLUIGI DI BIASE M.D., Ph.D., Corresponding Author LUIGI DI BIASE M.D., Ph.D. Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Bronx, New York, USA Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute at St. David's Medical Center, Austin, Texas, USA Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA Department of Cardiology, University of Foggia, Foggia, ItalyAddress for correspondence: Luigi Di Biase, M.D., Ph.D., F.A.C.C., F.H.R.S., Department of Medicine (Cardiology) Montefiore-Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care, Montefiore Medical Center, 111 East 210th Street Bronx, NY 10467, USA. Fax: 718-920-6798; Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this author JORGE ROMERO M.D., JORGE ROMERO M.D. Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Bronx, New York, USA Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USASearch for more papers by this authorANDREA NATALE M.D., ANDREA NATALE M.D. Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute at St. David's Medical Center, Austin, Texas, USA Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA Division of Cardiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA Scripps Clinic, San Diego, California, USA Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas, USASearch for more papers by this authorLUIGI DI BIASE M.D., Ph.D., Corresponding Author LUIGI DI BIASE M.D., Ph.D. Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Bronx, New York, USA Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute at St. David's Medical Center, Austin, Texas, USA Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA Department of Cardiology, University of Foggia, Foggia, ItalyAddress for correspondence: Luigi Di Biase, M.D., Ph.D., F.A.C.C., F.H.R.S., Department of Medicine (Cardiology) Montefiore-Einstein Center for Heart and Vascular Care, Montefiore Medical Center, 111 East 210th Street Bronx, NY 10467, USA. Fax: 718-920-6798; Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this author First published: 23 June 2015 https://doi.org/10.1111/jce.12746Citations: 9 Dr. Di Biase is a consultant for Biosense Webster, Boston Scientific, and St. Jude Medical; he received speaker honoraria/travel from Medtronic, Atricure, EPiEP, and Biotronik. Dr. Natale received speaker honoraria from Boston Scientific, Biosense Webster, St. Jude Medical, Biotronik, and Medtronic; he is a consultant for Biosense Webster, St. Jude Medical, and Janssen. Dr. Romero has no disclosures. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Citing Literature Volume26, Issue9September 2015Pages 928-933 RelatedInformation

Group Refractive Index Measurement of Liquids Using Common-Path Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography

Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA(Received: 24 June 2014. Accepted: 5 January 2015)A fiber-optic based common-path swept source optical coherence tomography for a simple andhigh-resolution measurement of the group refractive indices of liquids has been investigated. Thegroup refractive index measurement has been based on the optical length change before and afterinjection of liquid into a transparent glass tube. The gas-cell referenced fiber based common-pathswept source optical coherence tomography instrument was utilized to obtain the group refractiveindices of liquids. The standard deviations of the group refractive indices measured by this methodwere about 1×10

Assessment of aortic valve stenosis severity using intelligent phonocardiography

a Physiological Measurements, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden b Department of Clinical Physiology, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden c Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden d Division of Medical Imaging and Technology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden e Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden f Department of Medical Technology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden g School of Technology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden

DIMENSIONAL VERIFICATION AND QUALITY CONTROL OF IMPLANTS PRODUCED BY ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING

Purpose: Development of computer technology and alternative manufacturing methods in form of additive manufacturing leads to the manufacture of products with complex shapes. In the field of medicine they include, inter alia, custom-made implants manufactured for a particular patient, such as cranial implants, maxillofacial implants, etc. With regard to the fact that such implants are inserted into a patient’s body, it is necessary to perform the verification, including the shape and dimensional verification. The article deals with the application of the industrial computer tomography within the process of inspection and verification of selected custom-made implant types. Methodology/Approach: The Department of Biomedical Engineering and Measurement performs the verification of medicinal products manufactured by the additive manufacturing technologies from the Ti-6Al-4V (Grade 5) titanium alloy, using the coordinate measuring machine Carl Zeiss Contura G2 and the industrial computed tomography machine Carl Zeiss Metrotom 1500. These equipment fulfil the requirements for the identification and evaluation of dimensions of both, the external and the internal structures. Findings: The article presents the possibilities of the computed tomography utilisation in the inspection of individual implant manufacture using the additive manufacturing technologies. The results indicate that with the adjustment of appropriate input parameters (alignment), this technology is appropriate for the analysis of shape deviations, when compared with the CAD model. Research Limitation/implication: With the increasing distance of measured object from X-ray source, the machine’s resolution function decreases. Decreasing of resolution has a minor impact on the measured dimensions (relatively high tolerances), but has a significant impact on the evaluation of porosity and inclusions. Originality/Value of paper: Currently, the verification of a manufactured implant can be carried out using 3D scanners and the industrial computed tomography. The use of 3D scanners is appropriate for the shape inspection, for example the shape of an implant’s outer surface. The computed tomography is the only method for evaluation of shape deviations, defectoscopy and dimensional analysis in one measurement.

Detection of Melamine and Urea in Milk and Milk Products Using Graphene/Gold Nano-Composite

Faculty of Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Department, Helwan University, Helwan, EG 11790, Egypt(Received: 16 August 2014. Accepted: 4 November 2014)According to the reports of Indian Council of Medicine milk adulteration has led to series of healthproblemlike kidneyfailureand even death in many cases. Here we reporta rapid and simple methodfor detection of melamine and urea. Melamine and urea are chemical compounds. Melamine isused productionof melamine resins which have potentialapplicationsin laminates, glues, adhesivesand plastics while urea is being used in fertilizers and many other chemical industries. Both thecompounds are nitrogen rich and are frequently added to milk and milk products and also in theinfant feeds. Excess addition of melamine and urea is fatal and can lead to death. Here we reportthe procedure to detect melamine and using functionalized graphene-gold nano-composite. Initiallygraphene oxide was synthesized using Hummer’s method while graphene-gold nano-compositewas synthesized by borohydride reduction of Graphene oxide, Choloauric acid mixture. Detectionof melamine was supported by TEM, Raman Spectroscopy.

Indurometer vs. Tonometer: Is the Indurometer Currently Able to Replace and Improve Upon the Tonometer?

The Indurometer is a tool designed by the Flinders Biomedical Engineering Department to replace the Tissue Tonometer. It measures the resistance to an applied force to quantify the amount of fibrosis present within the epifascial compartment of tissue. The aim of the study was to compare the current model of the Indurometer with the Tonometer to determine the level of variability and repeatability between the two devices and how the variability differs when compared to an individual's ISL stage. Data were gathered on a total of 180 participants with unilateral arm lymphedema as part of an international multicenter trial. For each participant three repeat measurements were obtained with the Indurometer and Tonometer at the anterior mid forearm and anterior mid upper arm. The Indurometer gave lower measurement values than the Tonometer. The Tonometer was found to be less variable than the Indurometer when measurements were taken from the anterior mid upper arm and the anterior mid forearm site. The Tonometer values were significantly less variable than the Indurometer values in ISL stages 1 and 2. No significant variability was found in stage 3. The Indurometer is easier to use as compared to the Tonometer. Modification of the Indurometer needs to take place in order to improve its variability before it can be considered as a replacement for the Tonometer in the assessment of lymphedema. The lack of understanding of the ISL classification system is a significant issue.

A special issue on Biomedical Photonics

1 Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China 2 Ministry of Education (MoE) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China 3 National Research Saratov State University, Saratov 410012, Russia 4 Institute of Precise Mechanics and Control RAS, Saratov 410028, Russia 5 Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia

Increased fatty infiltration of the multifidus muscle in individuals with severe disability due to chronic whiplash-associated disorders

A. Peolsson1, A. Karlsson2,3, J. West 2,4, U. Aslund1, O. Smedby2, P. Zsigmond5, O. Dahlqvist Leinhard 2,4 1Medical and Health Sciences, Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden; 2 Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linkoping University and Linkoping University Hospital, Linkoping, Sweden; 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical Informatics, Faculty of Technology, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden; 4 Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Radiological Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden; 5 Department of Neurosurgery, Linkoping University Hospital, Linkoping, Sweden