Biomass For Hydrogen Production Research Articles

Current hydrogen production methods and their economic and environmental analysis

As global temperatures continue to rise due to the extensive use of fossil energy sources, concerns about the environment continue to deepen. Accelerating the energy transition is a major trend, and countries are continuously increasing the proportion of clean energy in the energy supply. Hydrogen energy is one of the most promising clean energy sources and a hot research topic in various countries. Hydrogen production is a key step in the use of hydrogen energy, this paper focuses on the current mainstream hydrogen production methods including electrolysis of water, solar decomposition of water, biomass hydrogen production, nuclear technology, steam methane reforming, coal gasification, methane pyrolysis, etc. And the economic and environmental benefits of each method. According to studies, the mainstream method of producing hydrogen today involves burning fossil fuels, and more recent methods—like the electrolysis of water—need a lot more testing and development before they can be used extensively. The implementation of CCS or CCUS technology can considerably lower the carbon emissions of the hydrogen production process when it comes to hydrogen produced from fossil fuels, but doing so will result in higher energy costs and hydrogen production costs. This paper is expected to support future research directions and help governmental decision-making in the energy transition.

In situ visualization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon hydrothermal decomposition process utilizing planar induced fluorescence: A mechanistic analysis

Hydrothermal decomposition of coal or biomass for hydrogen production is a clean and efficient technology. Comprehending the hydrothermal decomposition mechanism of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) is pivotal for advancing biomass or coal hydrothermal reaction technology. Traditional non-in situ measurement methods present challenges in thoroughly exploring the intricacies of PAHs’ hydrothermal reaction mechanisms. To address this issue, this study establishes an in situ visualization platform leveraging planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) technology. Fluorescence signals emanating from naphthalene are meticulously measured in situ across diverse temperature conditions (450 °C-650 °C). The decomposition rate characteristics of PAH in hydrothermal process are thereby elucidated. A proportional increase in the reaction rate of naphthalene with elevated temperatures, concomitant with an augmented risk of coking. Moreover, the generation of hydroxyl radicals (OH) during the hydrothermal decomposition process was observed in the in situ visualization platform. Afterwards, to promote the generation of OH radicals and improve the conversion of PAHs, small molecule additives (formic acid, acetic acid, methanol, and ethanol) were added into the reactions. The experimental results indicate that the addition of small molecules increases the conversion rate of PAH and significantly reduces coking. These radicals effectively occupy reactive sites on naphthalene, thereby suppressing the coking proclivity of PAHs. This work provides a novel method to investigate the mechanism of hydrothermal process and offers a potential way to improve the conversion efficiency.

The optimum solution for a biofuel-based fuel cell waste heat recovery from biomass for hydrogen production

The current research examined and compared two new hydrogen production systems as well as optimization procedures to determine the best optimum conditions. Developed systems include two integrated systems in one of them a vanadium chloride cycle is used to produce hydrogen from biogas and the other a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer (PEME) is used. Both suggested systems are integrated with a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and an anaerobic digester (AD). A parametric investigation is performed on the systems to determine the effects of changing parameters such as solid oxide fuel cell temperature, fuel cell working pressure, current density, and utilization factor the thermodynamic, economic, and environmental performance of the systems. Findings indicated that the current density of 0.54 was about 5.5 % higher than the system with electrolysis, while the cost rate of the system was 22% percent lower. With the change of SOFC temperature from 900 K to 1300 K, the results showed that in 1000 K, the CO2 emission reach 0.273 kg/kWh, which was the lowest value. Moreover, by enhancing the utilization factor from 0.65 to 0.9, the amount of pollution in the system with vanadium chloride cycle was reduced by 24%, which the reduction for the system with PEME was about 20%. Carried out analysis based on the thermodynamic, economic, and environmental index indicated a multi-objective optimization for studied systems. Both developed systems were optimized and the best performance conditions were determined based on the definition of the ideal point.

Catalytic supercritical water gasification of oil palm frond biomass using nanosized MgO doped Zn catalysts

In this work, nanosized MgO doped Zn catalysts (Mg1-xZnxO; x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20) were catalyzed the supercritical water gasification (SCWG) of oil palm frond (OPF) biomass for hydrogen production. Increased the amount of Zn in the catalyst enlarged the crystallite size, thus, reduced the surface area. Interestingly, all the synthesized catalysts have crystallite sizes of less than 50 nm. In-depth Rietveld refinement analysis revealed that the enlargement of the crystallite size is due to the phenomenon of cell expansion when the smaller Mg2+ ions being replaced by the larger Zn2+ ions during the doping process. Increased the Zn content also improved the basicity properties. Among the synthesized catalysts, the Mg0.80Zn0.20O exhibited the highest total gas volume of 213.5 ml g−1 of the biomass with 438.1% of increment in terms of H2 yield. The metal oxide doped materials serve as a new catalyst structure system for the SCWG technology.

Continuous mode of carbon dioxide sequestration by C. sorokiniana and subsequent use of its biomass for hydrogen production by E. cloacae IIT-BT 08

The present study investigated to find out the suitability of the CO2 sequestered algal biomass of Chlorella sorokiniana as substrate for the hydrogen production by Enterobacter cloacae IIT-BT 08. The maximum biomass productivity in continuous mode of operation in autotrophic condition was enhanced from 0.05 g L(-1) h(-1) in air to 0.11 g L(-1) h(-1) in 5% air-CO2 (v/v) gas mixture at an optimum dilution rate of 0.05 h(-1). Decrease in steady state biomass and productivity was less sensitive at higher dilution and found fitting with the model proposed by Eppley and Dyer (1965). Pretreated algal biomass of 10 g L(-1) with 2% (v/v) HCl-heat was found most suitable for hydrogen production yielding 9±2 mol H2 (kg COD reduced)(-1) and was found fitting with modified Gompertz equation. Further, hydrogen energy recovery in dark fermentation was significantly enhanced compared to earlier report of hydrogen production by biophotolysis of algae.

Technical and economic evaluation of solar hydrogen production by supercritical water gasification of biomass in China

A novel thermochemical method for solar hydrogen production was proposed by state key laboratory of multiphase flow in power engineering (SKLMFPE) of Xi’an Jiaotong University. In this paper, a technical and economic evaluation of the new solar hydrogen production technology was conducted. Firstly, the advantages of this new solar hydrogen production process, compared with other processes, were assessed and thermodynamic analysis of the new process was carried out. The results show that biomass gasification in supercritical water driven by concentrating solar energy may be used to achieve high efficiency solar thermal decomposition of water and biomass for hydrogen production. Secondly, the hydrogen production cost was analyzed using the method of the total annual revenue requirement. The estimated hydrogen production cost was 38.46RMB/kg for the experimental demonstration system with a treatment capacity of 1 ton wet biomass per hour, and it would be decreased to 25.1 RMB/kg if the treatment capacity of wet biomass increased from 1 t/h to 10 t/h. A sensitivity analysis was also performed and influence of parameters on the hydrogen production cost was studied. The results from technical and economic evaluation show that supercritical water gasification of biomass driven by concentrated solar energy is a promising technology for hydrogen production and it is competitive compared to other solar hydrogen production technologies.

Constructing a new business model for fermentative hydrogen production from wastewater treatment

The development of hydrogen energy as a sustainable energy resource is essential for mitigating climate change. The primary challenge to the commercialization of hydrogen energy, relative to that of petrochemical fuels, is cost. Therefore, an innovative business model that converts the costs of procuring biomass into revenue via the production of hydrogen was developed. Profitable hydrogen production can typically be realized by lowering costs through continuous technological development and increasing scale. Feedstock procurement costs, however, limit the cost/benefit reduction flexibility. This study employs biowaste material as feedstock for biological fermentative hydrogen production. This model extends the hydrogen production value chain to include the income from biomass hydrogen production as well as the revenue from processing biowaste and reduced fuel source costs. This study investigates the costs involved in the commercialization of the hydrogen fermentation process, develops an innovative business model, and presents a case study to describe this model.

6-13.熱化学再生バイオマス水素製造(Session 2.5.6 バイオマス・新エネルギー・リサイクル)

6-13.熱化学再生バイオマス水素製造(Session 2.5.6 バイオマス・新エネルギー・リサイクル)

Gasification of sewage sludge and other biomass for hydrogen production in supercritical water

AbstractDigested sewage sludge and other biomass such as wood saw‐dust can be mixed with a corn starch gel to form a viscous paste. This paste can be delivered to a supercritical flow reactor by means of a cement pump. Different types of feedstocks are used in this work: sewage sludge (up to 7.69 wt%) mixed in the corn starch paste, poplar wood sawdust (up to 11.46 wt%) mixed in the corn starch paste. When rapidly heated in a flow reactor at pressures above the critical pressure of water (22 MPa) the paste vaporizes. A packed bed of carbon catalyst in the reactor operating at 650°C causes the tarry vapors to react with water, producing hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and some methane with a trace of carbon monoxide. Thus we describe a practical method for the total, supercritical steam reforming of biomass to produce hydrogen at high pressure. The steam reforming process produces effectively no tar. Its only products are a hydrogen rich gas, and a clean water, which can be recycled.