Biomass Charcoal Research Articles

Mixing Pyrolyzed Forestry Bio–Fibers with Lignosulfonate to Develop “Biomass Charcoal Briquettes”

Mixing Pyrolyzed Forestry Bio–Fibers with Lignosulfonate to Develop “Biomass Charcoal Briquettes”

Characterization Techniques Application on Pesticide Adsorption Mechanism Research of Corn Straw Biochar Based on KOH Thermal Activation

In this paper, research on pesticide adsorption mechanism of corn straw biochar based on KOH thermal activation is carried out. In this paper, corn stalks and pine needles are used as raw materials for preparing biomass charcoal, and biochar is prepared at temperatures of 200°C, 400°C, and 600°C. This paper uses thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis, electron microscopy scanning, aperture measurement, infrared spectroscopy, and other characterization techniques to analyze the structure and properties of biochar in detail. Moreover, this paper uses batch method to select different organic pesticides diuron and carbaryl to test their adsorption performance. This article discusses the relationship between the adsorption mechanism and structural characteristics of biochar for organic pollutants. In addition, this paper studies the adsorption mechanism of diuron and carbaryl in the loess by adding exogenous biochar to the loess. Finally, this article analyzes the impact of the addition of biochar on the environmental behavior of diesel-contaminated loess adsorption of organic pollutants. This paper studies the role of KOH thermally activated corn stover biochar in agricultural adsorption, and verifies the reliability of the method proposed in this paper through experimental studies.

Adsorption behavior and mechanism of U(VI) onto phytic Acid-modified Biochar/MoS2 heterojunction materials

Using a low-cost, pollution-free and efficient adsorbents to adsorb uranium in radioactive wastewater is of great significance to protect the environment. In this study, bamboo powder-derived biomass charcoal (BDC) was first composited with MoS2, and then the composites were surface-modified with phytic acid to obtain BDC/MoS2-PO4. The microstructure of the adsorbents was analyzed by various characterization techniques. The adsorption kinetics results showed that the U(VI) adsorption by BDC/MoS2-PO4 was more in line with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, suggesting that the process is mainly chemical adsorption. The adsorption isotherm model confirmed that the U(VI) adsorption by BDC/MoS2-PO4 conformed to the Langmuir isotherm model, which was mainly surface monolayer adsorption with a maximum adsorption capacity of 161.29 mg/g. Furthermore, the adsorption performance of the adsorbent for U(VI) was significantly enhanced after H2 plasma treatment (204.08 mg/g), indicating that the increase in sulfur vacancies favors the U(VI) adsorption. The EPR, XPS and FT-IR results suggested that the interaction mechanism could be explained in that the S vacancies, S, C-O and P-O of the BDC/MoS2-PO4 were bonded to [O = U = O]2+ in the solution. This study provides a theoretical and experimental basis for the design and synthesis of biochar-based materials, and also provides a reference for radioactive wastewater treatment.

Synthesis of low-cost biomass charcoal-based Ni nanocatalyst and evaluation of their kinetic enhancement of MgH2

In this study, a low-cost biomass charcoal (BC)-based nickel catalyst (Ni/BC) was introduced into the MgH 2 system by ball-milling. The study demonstrated that the Ni/BC catalyst significantly improved the hydrogen desorption and absorption kinetics of MgH 2 . The MgH 2 + 10 wt% Ni/BC-3 composite starts to release hydrogen at 187.8 °C, which is 162.2 °C lower than the initial dehydrogenation temperature of pure MgH 2 . Besides, 6.04 wt% dehydrogenation can be achieved within 3.5 min at 300 °C. After the dehydrogenation is completed, MgH 2 + 10 wt% Ni/BC-3 can start to absorb hydrogen even at 30 °C, which achieved the absorption of 5 wt% H 2 in 60 min under the condition of 3 MPa hydrogen pressure and 125 °C. The apparent activation energies of dehydrogenation and hydrogen absorption of MgH 2 + 10 wt% Ni/BC-3 composites were 82.49 kJ/mol and 23.87 kJ/mol lower than those of pure MgH 2 , respectively, which indicated that the carbon layer wrapped around MgH 2 effectively improved the cycle stability of hydrogen storage materials. Moreover, MgH 2 + 10 wt% Ni/BC-3 can still maintain 99% hydrogen storage capacity after 20 cycles. XRD, EDS, SEM and TEM revealed that the Ni/BC catalyst evenly distributed around MgH 2 formed Mg 2 Ni/Mg 2 NiH 4 in situ, which act as a “hydrogen pump” to boost the diffusion of hydrogen along with the Mg/MgH 2 interface. Meanwhile, the carbon layer with fantastic conductivity enormously accelerated the electron transfer. Consequently, there is no denying that the synergistic effect extremely facilitated the hydrogen absorption and desorption kinetic performance of MgH 2 . The carbon layer is evenly wrapped around MgH 2 /Mg, and Ni nano catalyst is evenly distributed on the surface. During dehydrogenation and reabsorption, Ni nanoparticles generate Mg 2 Ni and Mg 2 NiH 4 in situ. The use of uniformly distributed Mg 2 Ni/Mg 2 NiH 4 as a “hydrogen pump” promotes the diffusion of hydrogen along the Mg/MgH 2 interface, and the carbon layer with good conductivity accelerates the electron transfer. It is believed that the synergistic effect of the two improves the hydrogen absorption and desorption rate of MgH 2 . • Biomass charcoal was introduced into the MgH 2 system for the first time. • Composites started to release H 2 at 187.8 °C and could start to absorb H 2 at 30 °C. • The activation energy of de/hydrogenation was significantly reduced for composites. • Biomass charcoal contributes to the cyclic stability of composites.

Application of the Simplex-Centroid Mixture Design to Biomass Charcoal Powder Formulation Ratio for Biomass Charcoal Briquettes

This study aims to increase the quality and value of raw materials with a low higher heating value, HHV (secondary ingredients), but which is abundantly available throughout the year by mixing it with high HHV materials (main ingredients) to obtain quality and standardized charcoal products in accordance with the industrial product standards as approved for commercial use. As for the ingredients, charcoal A is Eucalyptus bark coal (EuBC) with an average HHV of 3779.98 cal/g, charcoal B is rice husk coal (RHC) with an average HHV of 4863.29 cal/g, and charcoal C is charcoal from a biomass power plant (CBPP) with an average HHV of 5991.18 cal/g. The results from the simplex-centroid mixture design method allowed increased quality and value of the biomass charcoal powder (raw material) that has a low heating value but is sufficiently available throughout the year due to the mixing of secondary ingredients with raw materials that have a high heating value (main ingredient). The charcoal briquettes production must be qualified and meet the industrial product standards, and be approved for commercial use.

Ni3Fe/BC nanocatalysts based on biomass charcoal self-reduction achieves excellent hydrogen storage performance of MgH2

Bimetallic catalysts offer unique advantages for improving the hydrogen storage performance of MgH2. Herein, Ni3Fe/BC nanocatalysts were prepared via a simple solid phase reduction method using a low-cost biomass charcoal (BC) material as the carrier. The onset temperature of hydrogen release for the MgH2 + 10 wt% Ni3Fe/BC composite was 184.5 °C, which is 155.5 °C lower than that of pure MgH2. The dehydrogenated composite starts to absorb hydrogen at as low as 30 °C and is able to absorb 5.35 wt% of H2 within 10 min under 3 MPa hydrogen pressure at 150 °C. In comparison to pure MgH2, the apparent activation energies of dehydrogenation and rehydrogenation of MgH2 + 10 wt% Ni3Fe/BC were reduced by 52.89 kJ mol-1 and 23.28 kJ mol-1, respectively. The hydrogen storage capacity of the composite was maintained in 20 de/rehydrogenation cycles, indicating a good cycling stability. X-Ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) characterization reveal that the in situ formation of multiphases Mg2Ni and Fe catalysts during the hydrogen uptake and release reaction and the transformation of Mg2Ni/Mg2NiH4 together contribute to the superior hydrogen adsorption and desorption performance of MgH2.

The Effect of Bamboo Charcoal Application on Soil Nutrients and Heavy Metals in Rice

Soil heavy metal pollution is becoming more and more serious. Biomass charcoal application can play an important role in alleviating the toxicity of heavy metals in soils. Compared with other biochar, bamboo charcoal has more unique properties and may have a unique effect on heavy metal pollution. Zhejiang Province of Southeastern China is rich in bamboo resources. However, few studies related to bamboo charcoal application for heavy metal remediation in farmland were reported. In this study, four treatments with different amounts of bamboo charcoal application were set up through a field experiment, namely BC0 (no bamboo charcoal application), BC1 (2500 kg⋅ha−1), BC2 (5000 kg⋅ha−1), and BC3 (10000 kg⋅ha−1), and each treatment was replicated three times. The results showed that (1) The application of bamboo charcoal significantly increased the soil pH and organic matter content. Compared with BC0, the pH and organic content of BC3 increased by 7.4% and 17.4% (P

Feasibility of Analyzing Wood–Based Derivatives Combustion Emission Gas to Develop “Biomass Charcoal Briquettes”

Feasibility of Analyzing Wood–Based Derivatives Combustion Emission Gas to Develop “Biomass Charcoal Briquettes”

Self-floating biomass charcoal supported flower-like plasmon silver/carbon, nitrogen co-doped defective TiO2 as robust visible light photocatalysts

A self-floating biomass charcoal supported flower-like plasmon Ag/C, N co-doped defective TiO2 photocatalyst is fabricated by hydrothermal, calcination and photo-deposition strategies. Biomass charcoal, Ag nanoparticles, oxygen vacancy defects and C, N co-doping all favor to extend the photoresponse to visible light region. The biomass charcoal plays the role of doping and floating supporter, which can make it float on surface of water and effectively improve the collection of sunlight. The resultant plasmon Ag/C, N co-doped defective TiO2 photocatalyst exhibits excellent visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance, in which the photocatalytic degradation ratio of 2,4-dichlorophenol and hydrogen evolution are up to 95% and 1269 μmol h−1 g−1, respectively, several times higher than that of pristine TiO2. It can be ascribed to the synergistic effect of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of Ag nanoparticles, the efficient C, N co-doping and formation of oxygen vacancy defects promotes spatial charge separation and enhances visible light absorption. In addition, the long-term stability of this novel self-floating photocatalyst implies the potential practical applications.

High temperature slagging gasification of municipal solid waste with biomass charcoal as a greener auxiliary fuel

During high temperature slagging gasification of municipal solid waste (MSW), coal coke is typically used as an auxiliary fuel to maintain the high temperature in the gasifier and convert ashes into slag. Herein, biomass charcoal was utilized as a greener and more sustainable auxiliary fuel to replace the coal coke during stable and continuous gasification of MSW. Several monitoring characteristics were assessed, like operating conditions of the gasifier, influence of local MSW properties generated in Singapore, environmental impacts, and main by-products (slag, fly ash and metals). The performance data revealed that the replacement of coal coke with biomass charcoal provided significant environmental benefits. The use of biomass charcoal resulted in 78% less SO2 emissions, and 22% less generated fly ash because the lower sulfur content in biomass charcoal resulted in a 32% reduced use of sorbent for flue gas treatment. Furthermore, there was clear evidence of a 22% carbon footprint reduction due to replacing fossil fuel as auxiliary fuel. In addition, the slag characteristics demonstrated lower heavy metals leaching as compared to the incineration bottom ash generated from the conventional MSW incineration plant suggesting its great potential in the application as clean and green waste-derived material in the construction industry.

STUDY OF BIOMASS UTILISATION IN THE IRON ORE SINTERING

Dominating globally and within Ukraine, the blast-furnace practice for iron production requires iron ore sintering preparation wherein the significant amount of fossil fuel is consumed, accompanied by harmful emissions into the environment. Pursuing the purpose to mitigate this negative impact, we address the promising direction of biomass utilisation for a partial replacement of fossil fuels in iron ore sintering. This paper considers the benefits of fossil fuels substitution with biomass, the world practice of biomass utilisation in iron ore sintering and the scope of the biomass energy potential in Ukraine. The study for obtaining sinters with the use of raw biomass fuels (sunflower husk, walnut shell) and charcoal has been carried out via lab-scale sintering pot. The influence of various biomaterials types on the process of iron ore sintering have been investigated and the obtained sinter quality in comparison with the conventional types of the fuels allows establishing the feasibility of replacing 25 % of coke breeze by charcoal or by walnut shell. The sunflower husk application is possible if preliminary preparation of the material for increasing bulk density is assumed to be carried out, for instance, by pressing.

Production of Briquettes from a Blend of HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) Plastic Wastes and Teak (<i>Tectona grandis </i>Linn<i>. </i>f) Sawdust Using Different Natural Adhesives as the Binder

HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) is one type of plastics that has been used in many various applications. We frequently used it in our daily life, such as plastic bag, dairy products packaging, etc., which often end up being waste, which is non-biodegradable. This plastic waste has good potential to be used in production of briquettes because it has a high heating value. Teak sawdust is also considered waste and usually not properly utilized. Nevertheless, it has a high heating value and sufficiently low level of volatile matter. Therefore, mixing HDPE plastic waste with biomass charcoal such as teak sawdust to make briquettes as an alternative domestic fuel is an interesting idea. The objective of this research was to make briquettes by mixing HDPE plastic waste and teak sawdust. The effects of two different natural adhesives (i.e. rice flour and corn flour) and the ratio of plastic waste and teak sawdust were investigated. The results of the experiment show that the best ratio of plastic waste and teak sawdust that produce the best quality of briquettes in this study was 50% : 50% and by using rice flour adhesive. The following are the results for this sample, the duration of fire starts to ignite was about 2.3 minutes; the duration of fire boils 125 mL of water was 12.8 minutes; and the duration of the briquettes burn to ashes was about 62 minutes.

Sex difference in the association between solid fuel use and cognitive function in rural China

BackgroundWhether indoor air pollution from solid fuel use is associated with cognitive function remains unclear. ObjectiveThis study aims to examine the association of solid fuel use with the risk of cognitive impairment in males and females. MethodsThe data was from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Self-reported heating and cooking fuel were categorized as clean fuel (solar, liquefied gas, natural gas, or electricity) and solid fuel (coal, biomass charcoal, wood, or straw). Cognitive function, including orientation and attention, episodic memory, and visuospatial abilities, was assessed using standardized questionnaires. ResultsA total of 7824 individuals were included in our study (aged 57.0 ± 9.3, 46.2% female), with 47.0% and 76.0% used solid fuel for cooking and heating, respectively. There was an interaction between sex and solid fuel use for cooking (P=0.008) for the progress of cognitive impairment. Solid fuel use for cooking was associated with a larger decrease in cognitive function score in females (β=−0.832; 95% CI: −1.043, −0.622; P < 0.001) than in males (β=−0.487; 95% CI: −0.671, −0.302; P < 0.001). The sex difference remained with further adjustment of covariates (β=−0.321; 95% CI: −0.503, −0.138; P=0.001 for males; β=−0.534; 95% CI: −0.745, −0.324; P < 0.001 for females). For heating, the interaction between sex and solid fuel was not statistically significant (P=0.156). After controlling for the covariates, solid fuel use for heating was inversely associated with a 0.321 unit of decrease of cognitive function score (β=−0.321; 95% CI: −0.652, 0.009; P=0.057) in males, and a 0.598 unit of decrease of cognitive function (β=−0.598; 95% CI: −0.978, −0.218; P=0.002) in females. ConclusionIn conclusion, solid fuel use for cooking and heating was significantly associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment. Furthermore, for the first time, we found that the effect of solid fuel use on cognitive function in females was greater than in males.

Phosphorylated biomass-derived porous carbon material for efficient removal of U(VI) in wastewater

A simple strategy to prepare cost-effective adsorbent materials for the removal of U(VI) in radioactive wastewater is of great significance to environmental protection. Here, activated orange peel was used as a precursor for the synthesis of biomass charcoal, and then a phosphorylated honeycomb-like porous carbon (HLPC-PO4) material was prepared through simple phosphorylation modification. FT-IR and XPS showed that P–O–C, P–C, and P˭O bonds appeared in HLPC-PO4, indicating that the phosphorylation process is mainly the reaction of C–O bonds on the surface of the material with –PO4. The results of the batch experiments showed that the uptake equilibrium of HLPC-PO4 to U(VI) occurred within 20 min, and the kinetic simulation showed that the process was monolayer chemical adsorption. Interestingly, the maximum U(VI) uptake capacity of HLPC-PO4 at T = 298.15 K and pH = 6.0 was 552.6 mg/g, which was more than 3 times that of HLPC. In addition, HLPC-PO4 showed an adsorption selectivity of 70.1% for U(VI). After 5 cycles, HLPC-PO4 maintained its original adsorption capacity of 90.5%. The adsorption mechanism can be explained as the complexation of U(VI) with P–O and P˭O on the surface of the adsorbent, confirming the strong bonding ability of –PO4 to U(VI).

Analytic expressions for the isosteric heat of adsorption from adsorption isotherm models and two‐dimensional SAFT‐VR equation of state

AbstractThe isosteric heat of adsorption is an important thermodynamic property used to characterize and optimize adsorption processes. In this work, analytic expressions for isosteric heats of adsorption are derived for a collection of commonly used isotherm models and a two‐dimensional molecular equation of state based on the SAFT‐VR approach. The use of these expressions is presented with an example of adsorption of nitrous oxide, N2O, on biochar, which is a waste biomass charcoal that exhibits high adsorption potential. The results show that accurate fitting of the adsorption isotherms leads to consistent results obtained with different approaches; however, the predicted isosteric heat of adsorption exhibits strong variations in the regions where experimental data is insufficient such in the region of low pressure/low coverage. Convergence on the prediction of the isosteric heat of adsorption by the different models is only observed in the region where no extrapolation of experimental data is needed.

Evaluation of Energy Properties of Mixed Biomass Charcoal Derived from Coconut, Palmyra Palm Nuts and Doum Palm Nuts Shells

Organic waste generally has low calorific value. Thus, an energy densification procedure is necessary before their use as fuel. Studies have shown that the calorific value of the mixture of charcoals can be higher than the calorific value of the isolated constituents. The aim of this study was to investigate the energy potential of the charcoals produced from coconut shells (CS), palmyra palm nuts shells (PPS), doum palm nuts shells (DPS) and their mixtures in order to identify the rate of mixture allowing the improvement of their calorific value. The raw biomasses were carbonized in a homemade carbonizer. The charcoals obtained were ground into powder. Then samples of, pure biomass charcoals (CS100, PPS100, DPS100), double mixtures of 50% of each biomass charcoals (CS50-PPS50, CS50-DPS50, PPS50-DPS50) and triple mixtures of (CS33-PPS33-DPS33, CS40-PPS30-DPS30, CS50-PPS25-DPS25, CS25-PPS50-DPS25, CS25-PPS25-DPS50) were made (the number corresponds to the content of each biomass charcoal in mass. Then, some of their energy parameters such as lower calorific value and energy per unit volume associated to bulk density were explored. The results showed that for pure samples, coconut shells charcoal presented the highest lower calorific value (28.059 MJ. kg-1), followed by charcoal (27.054 MJ/kg), then doum palm nuts shells biochar (26.929 MJ. kg-1) and finally 26.111 MJ. kg-1 for palmyra palm nuts shells charcoal. Similarly, with the highest bulk density of 0.625 g/cm3 coconut shells charcoal presented the highest energy per unit volume (17 536.880 J/cm3), whereas with the lowest bulk density of 0.415 g/cm3, doum palm nuts shells charcoal presented the lowest energy per unit volume. Coconut shells biomass charcoal energy per volume unit was significantly higher than that of charcoal used as control (13 905.760 J/cm3). For samples made up of mixtures, the lower calorific values obtained were lower than that of the most energetic pure biomass charcoal. Moreover, by comparing these measurements with the weighted average values of the calorific value of the mixtures, only the samples CS50-PPS25-DPS25 (27.623 MJ/kg) and CS40-PPS30-DPS30 (27.583 MJ/kg) showed an increase of the calorific value, higher than that of wood charcoal bought in the local market and used as reference (27.054 MJ/kg). However, for the others compositions, a decrease in calorific value was recorded.

Physical characteristics and energy content of biomass charcoal powder

The objective of this study is to investigate potential biomass materials for charcoal briquette production by comparing physical properties and energy content. The charcoal powder was obtained from 3 sources. The first group was charcoal from industrial factories which is charcoal from biomass power plant (CBPP). The second group was charcoal from by-product of agricultural products, consisting of rice husk coal (RHC), coconut-shell coal (CSC), corn cob coal (CCC), cassava stump coal (CStC) and eucalyptus bark coal (EuBC). The third group was charcoal from recycling vegetal coal, consisting of recycling eucalyptus coal (REuC) and recycling assorted wood coal (RAWC). The results showed the physical properties of charcoal powder with an average bulk density of 189.19–563.73 kg/m 3 and average angle of repose of 35.05°– 43.21°. The material flowability was ranged between fair to passable flow and free flowing with average particle size of 0.31–1.29 mm. The static coefficient of friction on material surface was 0.46–0.66 on mild steel, 0.39–0.57 on stainless steel, 0.45–0.59 on zinc sheet, 0.43–0.61 on galvanized steel, and 0.52–0.66 on rubber. The energy content of charcoal powder revealed the HHV to range from 3,393.78 – 7,303.86 cal/g, the commercial briquettes charcoal range value from 5,205.34 – 5,382.62 cal/g. The results of the physical properties of the charcoal power provide useful data for engineering design. Whilst, the comparison between the commercial briquette charcoal and the biomass charcoal powder shows the potential of biomass as a raw material to produce charcoal briquettes to replace woody biomass, thereby increasing the value of that material.

Conversion of Injected Forestry Waste Biomass Charcoal in a Blast Furnace: Influence of Pyrolysis Temperature

The objective of this work is to study the influence of pyrolysis temperature on the combustion behavior of biomass-derived charcoal under conditions that simulate tuyere injection operations in a ...

Organic Regulation and Remediation of Pollution of Chaolin Soil in Shandong

In recent years, due to the frequent occurrence of excessive heavy metal content in the cinnamon soil in the Shandong region of China, the country and people have attached great importance to the pollution of heavy metal in the cinnamon soil. Heavy metal pollution has a wide range and long duration. Once it enters the human body, it will cause serious harm to human health. Therefore, the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in Chaoshan soil in Shandong will be one of the focuses of current and future development in the field of environmental protection. In this paper, by sampling and analyzing the pollution of Chaozhou brown soil in Shandong area, the content range of heavy metals, accumulation and pollution of heavy metals in Chaozhou brown soil in this area were evaluated. Five organic regulators calcium-based mineral A and calcium On the effects of mineral B, biomass charcoal D, peat H and limestone E on the leaching toxicity of Cd in Chao cinnamon soil, three different types of organic regulators A, D and E were investigated in single and mixed application of Under the influence of the effective state of Cd, the compound organic regulator ADE with the best repair effect and its proportion were selected. The experimental results show that the organic mixed modifier shows a good reduction effect on the Cd effective state content in the heavy metal composite polluted tidal cinnamon soil, in which the mixed organic modifier 0.5% peat + 0.25% vermiculite + 0.25% bone meal Stone: Bone meal is 2: 1: 1) The best reduction effect.

Adsorption of Petroleum Hydrocarbon by Modified Biomass Carbon

In order to improve the oil adsorption performance of biomass carbon, a new oil removal adsorbent was prepared by modifying natural material. Hydrophobic agent is used as modifier to graft biomass carbon. The structural characteristics and microstructure of biomass carbon treated by modifiers are characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and SEM observation. The results showed that self-made biomass charcoal has good floatability, and biomass carbon treated by the hydrophobic agent has a higher oil adsorption capacity than those of untreated ones. Peanut shell carbon and corn cob carbon modified by nano-SiO2 dispersant obtained the best results with an oil absorption rate of about 1.5 g/g and an oil retention rate of about 95%. As determinate by GC/MS, the modified biomass carbon before and after the adsorption of marine oil, the alkane changed significantly, indicating that the adsorption capacity of oil is very obvious.