Assessment Of Biomass Research Articles

Chlorination in power station cooling water systems: Effect on biomass, abundance and physiology of natural phytoplankton communities.

Chlorination is a widely used method to prevent biofouling in power station cooling water systems in coastal and estuarine environments. This study evaluated the impact of chlorination together with temperature increase to simulate primary entrainment of a phytoplankton community. Biomass, diversity, and photosynthetic activity were monitored over 72 hours to establish impacts on the phytoplankton community. Biomass was significantly reduced after treatment. The mean cell size of the population significantly increased immediately after treatment highlighting an impact on the smaller cell size species of the community (picophytoplankton). Changes in accessory pigments composition suggest an effect on groups such as Prasinophyceae, Cyanobacteria and Chlorophycea. Species composition, dominated by diatoms, was also affected with Skeletonema marinoi and Asterionellopsis glacialis amongst the most sensitive species. Photosynthetic activity was affected in the short term but recovered after 48 hours. This study shows that by using a combination of measurements (e.g biomass, diversity, and physiology) the effects of entrainment in power station cooling water systems, that may be of longer-term significance for specific functional groups of phytoplankton communities, can be discerned. These changes would not necessarily be seen using individual techniques alone such as cell number counts or biomass assessment which may indicate apparent community recovery.

Органічний вуглець у рослинній біомасі лісів Київщини

Carbon sequestrative capacity of forest plant communities is one of the main criteria for the potential for low-carbon development of the country and the fulfillment of international obligations in the context of the Paris climate agreement. The information basis of the research is formed by information from the database of IA "Ukrderzhlisproekt", which contains the detailed biometric characteristics of forest stands located in the research region. Another component is represented by a system of mathematical models for quantitative assessment of live biomass and forest dead organic matter. As a result, in this research we have determined the quantitative values of organic carbon content in live biomass and dead organic matter of forests of Kyiv region. In total, the amount of carbon accumulated in vegetal biomass of the region's forests equals 61.8 million tons, of which 60 % is accounted for by pine stands. The share of carbon accumulated in dead organic matter is 10.5 %. The highest density of sequestered carbon per unit area is typical for ash and oak stands with indicators of 10.08 and 9.921 kg∙(m2)-1, respectively. More than 40 % of organic carbon is accumulated in vegetal biomass of stands of I site index class, which mainly grow in relatively poor forest conditions. Recreational, health-improving and protective forests of the region are characterized by the highest indicators of organic carbon density per unit area – 10.53 and 10.49 kg∙(m2)-1, respectively. Among the objects of the nature reserve fund, the dominant positions in the volume of the studied indicator belong to nature reserves – 82.7 %, national nature parks account for another 8 %. In the total structure of carbon capacity of dead organic matter (6.5 million tons) more than 60% belongs to forest litter. At the same time, carbon content in dead organic matter of coniferous stands equals 4.1 million tons, or 62.9 %. The results of the research will serve as an information basis for the formation of a strategy for regional low-carbon development.

Getting to the root of the problem: improving measurements of mangrove belowground production and carbon sequestration.

This article is a Commentary on Arnaud et al. (2021), 232: 1591–1602.

Assessment of tree species diversity and above-ground biomass in two disturbed tropical dry evergreen forests of Coromandel coast of India

The tree diversity and carbon stock of all woody plants were investigated in two-hectare square plots (100 m x 100 m) were established in Suryanpet (SP) and Velleripet (VP) which is tropical dry evergreen forest (TDEF) sites on the Coromandel Coast of peninsular India. All trees ? 10 cm girth at breast height measured at 1.3 m from the rooting point were enumerated. A total of 35 tree species (? 10 cm gbh) belonging to 34 genera and 23 families were recorded in tropical dry evergreen forests. Tree species richness in 27 (dominant species Dimorphocalyx glabellus Thw.) and 18 (dominant species Strychnos nux-vomica L.) in SP and VP respectively. A total density of woody plants 671 and 1154 individuals in SP and VP respectively. The basal area of trees in the two study sites SP (40.70 m2 ha-1) and VP (45.46 m2 ha-1). Most abundant families are Loganiaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Rutaceae and its family index value (FIV) is 56.14, 39.12 and 21.40 respectively. The aboveground biomass (AGB) of trees totaled in site SP (405.3 Mg ha-1) and VP (721.3 Mg ha-1). The extent of tree species diversity and estimated carbon stock of the TDEF sites, which provides the baseline data on the floristic structure and diversity of this forest for better management and conservation.

Chlorophyll a estimation in lakes using multi-parameter sonde data

Algae blooms are of considerable concern in freshwater lakes and reservoirs worldwide. In-situ Chlorophyll a (Chl-a) fluorometers are widely used for rapid assessments of algae biomass. However, accurately converting Chl-a fluorescence to an equivalent concentration is challenging due to natural variations in the relationship as well as nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) which occurs commonly in surface waters during daytime. This study is based on water quality data from a freshwater lake from October 2018 to December 2020. Initial analysis of sonde Chl-a fluorescence and laboratory extracted Chl-a concentrations shows that the two data sets exhibit a nonlinear relationship with positive correlation and significant errors. A bias correction method was next developed based on (1) concurrent sonde measurements of other water quality parameters (to account for nonlinearities) and (2) a bias correction approach for nonphotochemical quenching effects in surface waters. The new Chl-a model exhibits much improved accuracy, with a root mean square error (RMSE) less than 0.95 µg/L. The new method facilitates accurate Chl-a characterization in freshwater lakes and reservoirs based on readily obtainable in-situ fluorescence sonde measurements.

Assessment of the exploitable biomass of thread herring (Opisthonema spp.) in northwestern Mexico

Assessment of the exploitable biomass of thread herring (Opisthonema spp.) in northwestern Mexico

Role of early foldscopy (microscopy) of endotracheal tube aspirates in deciding restricted empirical therapy in ventilated patients

PurposePrevention of healthcare-associated infections (HAI) like ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is particularly challenging especially in resource limited settings. Complex microbial interactions between patients and health care workers (HCWs) further complicate the situation, requiring a holistic approach for successful management. To bridge the gap between laboratory and intensive care unit (ICU) this study was conducted to find the role of hand-held microscope ‘Foldscope’ in restricting empirical therapy in intubated patients. MethodsA total of 75 endotracheal aspirates (ETA) were collected from intubated patients in the ICU with (group 1) and without (group 2) VAP. For group 2, those with less than 48 ​h ventilation and with endotracheal tube (ETT) in situ were considered. Presence of biomass was detected through foldscope and ETA samples were processed for quantitative gram staining (QGS), semi-quantitative and quantitative culture. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Acinetobacter baumannii, the commonest isolate, was done and findings were statistically analysed. ResultsBiomass was present as seen through a foldscope in 45 cases (90%) in group 1 and 17 cases (68%) in group 2. In both the groups, A. baumannii was the most common isolate. Biomass production, significant QGS and culture was significantly more in group 1 (p ​< ​0.05). However, carbapenem resistant A. baumannii (CRAB) was comparably present in both the groups thus showing limited role of empirical carbapenem therapy. ConclusionsEarly assessment of biomass in mechanically ventilated patients could provide guidance for empirical antibiotic therapy. Foldscope proved to be an excellent tool for restricting empirical therapy and driving antimicrobial stewardship in low resource settings.

Assessment of algal biomass towards removal of Cr(VI) from tannery effluent: a sustainable approach.

The current investigation focuses on a systematic study of application of two dried algal biomass (i.e., Nostoc sp. and Turbinaria vulgaris) in removal of Cr(VI) from synthetic solution as well as tannery industrial wastewater. The optimized conditions for Cr(VI) removal are nearly same for the both the biosorbents (i.e., pH 2.8, initial Cr(VI) concentration 100 mg L-1, biomass dosage of 1.2g L-1, contact time 120 and 110 min). Nostoc sp. (qmax=23.94mg g-1) was observed to possess a superior removal capability when compared to Turbinaria vulgaris (qmax=21.8mg g-1). Desorption studies were performed with four different desorbing agents. Application study was conducted using tannery wastewater with Nostoc sp. and 94.20% removal of Cr(VI) was obtained. Hence, this study revealed that Nostoc sp. and T. vulgaris both have great potential to be an environment friendly and economic biosorbent for removal of Cr(VI) containing industrial effluent.

Spatial Assessment of Para Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) above Ground Biomass Potentials in Songkhla Province, Southern Thailand

Currently, Songkhla Province of Thailand has been recognized as a convenient hub of rubber industry development, accompanied by an attendant abundance of rubber tree plantations. A spatialized assessment of the rubber tree was carried out to estimate its aboveground biomass potentials using remote sensing techniques and ecosystem modeling procedures. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer satellite-based estimations of the net primary productivity were derived and complemented with a calculated generic model, to quantify the respective above ground biomass potentials para rubber. Above ground biomass assessment findings revealed a mean value of 82.1 tonnes C ha−1 and an aggregate of 31. 9 million tonnes C ha−1 which is the theoretical potential, this is segregated into energy usable, and other economic purpose biomass potentials, with corresponding value ranges of 1624.1 to 6,041,531.2 million tonnes C ha−1 and 85.5 to 317,975.6 thousand tonnes C ha−1 respectively. Besides the theoretical above ground biomass potential (entire biomass accumulation ratio) commonly evaluated, the other potentials, which include naturally obtainable biomass usable for energy generation and the remaining share of the feedstock for non-energy uses, have been brought to light. Songkhla province has the potential for good carbon sink and sustainable supply of different pools of feedstock from the rubber tree that reinforces each other in providing a comprehensive view of biomass in energy and non-energy opportunities. The socioeconomic production and value chain analysis of the identified biomass pools needs to be evaluated; this will consequently guide policy toward a comprehensive rubber sector sustainable development.

Environmental impact assessment of biomass supported electricity generation for sustainable rural energy systems - A case study of Grenada County, Mississippi, USA

Fossil fuels have been the major source of electricity supply in the United States of America (USA) for many decades. While a significant shift has occurred from coal-dominated supply to natural gas and renewable source based supplies in recent decades, there is still large potential to improve biomass supported electricity contribution in rural communities, which depend majorly on forest-related activities. Wood waste, an underutilized renewable resource, has the potential for electricity generation in rural areas to reduce the contribution of electricity generated from fossil fuels and assist in greenhouse gas savings. In this study, a life cycle assessment approach was used to estimate the emissions of electricity generated by wood residues in a rural community (Grenada County, Mississippi (MS), USA) and compared with those emissions from the recent electricity mix (2018), a previous electricity mix (2010) supply, along with natural gas (NG) and coal (Bituminous Coal, BC) based electricity generation options. A significant reduction (85.9–94.6%) in global warming impact was observed when compared with BC, NG and grid supplied electricity for years 2010 and 2018. When compared to the current electricity mix at the grid (2018), acidification, eutrophication, respiratory effects and smog formation showed higher emissions ranging from 30.8% to 72.4%. The sensitivity analysis showed an improvement in emissions savings with increased biomass to power conversion efficiency (40%), lower moisture content of the biomass (0%, bone dry biomass), and reduced transportation distance (35 km). This study showed an improvement in the electricity mix supplied to Grenada county, MS, which implies sustainable development opportunities for promoting energy security in rural communities with forest-based industries.

Harvesting of wood for energy generation: a quantitative stand-level analysis in an Italian mountainous district

ABSTRACT The first aim of the study was to present the methodology applied by the model WOody biomass and Carbon ASsessment to compute the past potentially available residues (RA; branches and tops only; t·yr−1 of dry matter, DM), potentially generated heat and electricity (TE, EE, respectively; GJ·yr−1) and potentially avoided CO2 emissions into the atmosphere (EM; t·yr−1 CO2) for the final combustion process. The available residues are computed at the forest stand level through a recovery rate based on six technical parameters. The methodology was applied to the public stands of Valle Camonica district (Italy) (total area: 3.67·104 ha; period: 1984–2016). The mass of residues calculated for that period was used to estimate the current supply, i.e. 2.15·103 ± 6.04·102 t·yr−1 DM. By assuming that this mass was used in an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) unit of a local centralized heating plant, TE = 2.06·104 ÷ 2.41·104 GJ·yr−1 and EE = 5.08·103 ÷ 5.95·103 GJ·yr−1. By assuming that: (i) heat generated by the ORC replaced heat produced by conventional natural gas-based plants; (ii) electricity generated by the ORC replaced electricity generated by Italian natural gas-based plants-mix (combined heat and electricity production) EM = 1.85·103 ÷ 2.17·103 t·yr−1 CO2.

Marine sponges maintain stable bacterial communities between reef sites with different coral to algae cover ratios.

ABSTRACTMarine sponges play a major ecological role in recycling resources on coral reef ecosystems. The cycling of resources may largely depend on the stability of the host–microbiome interactions and their susceptibility to altered environmental conditions. Given the current coral to algal phase shift on coral reefs, we investigated whether the sponge-associated bacterial communities of four sponge species, with either high or low microbial abundances (HMA and LMA), remain stable at two reefs sites with different coral to algae cover ratios. Additionally, we assessed the bacterial community composition of two of these sponge species before and after a reciprocal transplantation experiment between the sites. An overall stable bacterial community composition was maintained across the two sites in all sponge species, with a high degree of host-specificity. Furthermore, the core bacterial communities of the sponges remained stable also after a 21-day transplantation period, although a minor shift was observed in less abundant taxa (< 1%). Our findings support the conclusion that host identity and HMA–LMA status are stronger traits in shaping bacterial community composition than habitat. Nevertheless, long-term microbial monitoring of sponges along with benthic biomass and water quality assessments are needed for identifying ecosystem tolerance ranges and tipping points in ongoing coral reef phase shifts.

Airborne remote sensing for forest inventory attributes assessment: experience of Flying Laboratory of Imaging Systems (FLIS) in the Czech Republic

The paper contributes to the recent studies for forest inventory attributes assessment from airborne data using experience of Flying Laboratory of Imaging Systems (FLIS).The advanced methods of airborne hyperspectral and laser scanning data processing are summarized to demonstrate the applicability of FLIS in assessment of forest inventory attributes for tree and plot levels in selected forest areas in the Czech Republic. Specifically, assessments of tree height, tree position, crown base, crown width, aboveground biomass, species composition, dead trees, and health status are presented.

Toward a reliable assessment of potential ecological impacts of deep‐sea polymetallic nodule mining on abyssal infauna

AbstractThe increasing demand for metals is pushing forward the progress of deep‐sea mining industry. The abyss between the Clarion and Clipperton Fracture Zones (CCFZ), a region holding a higher concentration of minerals than land deposits, is the most targeted area for the exploration of polymetallic nodules worldwide, which may likely disturb the seafloor across large areas and over many years. Effects from nodule extraction cause acute biodiversity loss of organisms inhabiting sediments and polymetallic nodules. Attention to deep‐sea ecosystems and their services has to be considered before mining starts but the lack of basic scientific knowledge on the methodologies for the ecological surveys of fauna in the context of deep‐sea mining impacts is still scarce. We review the methodology to sample, process and investigate metazoan infauna both inhabiting sediments and nodules dwelling on these polymetallic‐nodule areas. We suggest effective procedures for sampling designs, devices and methods involving gear types, sediment processing, morphological and genetic identification including metabarcoding and proteomic fingerprinting, the assessment of biomass, functional traits, fatty acids, and stable isotope studies within the CCFZ based on both first‐hand experiences and literature. We recommend multi‐ and boxcorers for the quantitative assessments of meio‐ and macrofauna, respectively. The assessment of biodiversity at species level should be focused and/or the combination of morphological with metabarcoding or proteomic fingerprinting techniques. We highlight that biomass, functional traits, and trophic markers may provide critical insights for biodiversity assessments and how statistical modeling facilitates predicting patterns spatially across point‐source data and is essential for conservation management.

Scots pine stands biomass assessment using 3D data from unmanned aerial vehicle imagery in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone

Thirty-five years after the accident, large forest areas in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone still contain huge amounts of radionuclides released from the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Unit 4 in April 1986. An assessment of the radiological and radioecological consequences of persistent radioactive contamination and development of remediation strategies for Chernobyl forests imply acquiring comprehensive data on their contamination levels and dynamics of biomass inventories. The most accurate forest inventory data can be obtained in ground timber cruises. However, such cruises in radioactive contaminated forest ecosystems in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone result in radiation exposures of the personnel involved, which means the need for development of the remote sensing methods. The purpose of this study is to analyze the applicability and limitations of the photogrammetric method for the remote large-scale monitoring of aboveground biomass inventories. Based on field measurements, we estimated the biomass inventories in 31 Scots pine stands including both artificial plantations and natural populations. The stands differed significantly in age (from a few years in natural populations to 115 years in the oldest plantation), productivity (from 0.4 to 19.8 kg m−2), mean height (from 4.1 to 36 m), and other parameters. Photogrammetric data were obtained from the same stands using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). These data were then processed using two approaches to derive the canopy height model (CHM) parameters which were tested for correlation with the aboveground biomass inventories. In the first approach, we found that the inventories correlated well with the mean value of CHM of the site (R2 = 0.79). In the second approach, the total aboveground biomass was approximated by a function of the average height of trees detected at the site and the total crown projection area (R2 = 0.78). Among other local parameters, the total crown projection area was identified as the major factor impacting the accuracy of the aboveground biomass inventory estimates from the UAV survey data in both approaches. In the dense stands with the high total crown projections areas (more than 0.90), the average relative deviations of the UAV-based aboveground biomass estimates from the results of the field measurements were close to 0, which means the adequate accuracy of the UAV surveys data for radioecological monitoring purposes. The relative deviations of the UAV-based estimates in both approaches increased in the stands consisting of separated groups of trees, which indicates potential limitation of the approaches and need for their further development.

Combining Multiple Geospatial Data for Estimating Aboveground Biomass in North Carolina Forests

Mapping and quantifying forest inventories are critical for the management and development of forests for natural resource conservation and for the evaluation of the aboveground forest biomass (AGFB) technically available for bioenergy production. The AGFB estimation procedures that rely on traditional, spatially sparse field inventory samples constitute a problem for geographically diverse regions such as the state of North Carolina in the southeastern U.S. We propose an alternative AGFB estimation procedure that combines multiple geospatial data. The procedure uses land cover maps to allocate forested land areas to alternative forest types; uses the light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data to evaluate tree heights; calculates the area-total AGFB using region- and tree-type-specific functions that relate the tree heights to the AGFB. We demonstrate the procedure for a selected North Carolina region, a 2.3 km2 area randomly chosen in Duplin County. The tree diameter functions are statistically estimated based on the Forest Inventory Analysis (FIA) data, and two publicly available, open source land cover maps, Crop Data Layer (CDL) and National Land Cover Database (NLCD), are compared and contrasted as a source of information on the location and typology of forests in the study area. The assessment of the consistency of forestland mapping derived from the CDL and the NLCD data lets us estimate how the disagreement between the two alternative, widely used maps affects the AGFB estimation. The methodology and the results we present are expected to complement and inform large-scale assessments of woody biomass in the region.

Evaluating the impact of climate and demographic variation on future prospects for fish stocks: An application for northern rock sole in Alaska

Climate-enhanced stock assessment models represent potentially vital tools for managing living marine resources under climate change. We present a climate-enhanced stock assessment where environmental variables are integrated within a population dynamics model assessment of biomass, fishing mortality and recruitment that also accounts for process error in demographic parameters. Probability distributions for the impact of the associated environmental factors on recruitment and growth can either be obtained from Bayesian analyses that involve fitting the population dynamics model to the available data or from auxiliary analyses. The results of the assessment form the basis for the calculation of biological and economic target and limit reference points, and projections under alternative harvest strategies. The approach is applied to northern rock sole (Lepidopsetta polyxystra), an important component of the flatfish fisheries in the Eastern Bering Sea. The assessment involves fitting to data on catches, a survey index of abundance, fishery and survey age-compositions and survey weight-at-age, with the relationship between recruitment and cold pool extent and that between growth increment in weight and temperature integrated into the assessment. The projections also allow for an impact of ocean pH on expected recruitment based on auxiliary analyses. Several alternative models are explored to assess the consequences of different ways to model environmental impacts on population demography. The estimates of historical biomass, recruitment and fishing mortality for northern rock sole are not markedly impacted by including climate and environmental factors, but estimates of target and limit reference points are sensitive to whether and how environmental variables are included in stock assessments and projections.

Acoustic scattering by gas-bearing cyanobacterium Microcystis: Modeling and in situ biomass assessment

Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (HABs) are increasing in a growing number of aquatic ecosystems around the world due to eutrophication and climatic change over the past few decades. Quantitative monitoring of HABs remains a challenge because their distributions are spatially heterogeneous and temporally variable. Most of the standard biological sampling methods are labor intensive and time consuming. In this paper, we present an efficient acoustic method to assess the biomass (biovolume) concentration of the cyanobacterium Microcystis in aquatic ecosystems. Acoustic backscattering vertical profiles from a gas-bearing Microcystis population were measured with echosounders at three frequencies (70, 120, and 333 kHz) in Lake Kinneret (case study). Concurrently, the volume concentration of Microcystis colonies and cyanobacteria-related Chlorophyll a were evaluated. We developed a partially coherent acoustic scattering model to quantify the cyanobacterium biomass based on depth-dependent acoustic backscattering signals. We also evaluated empirical regression models to obtain the Microcystis biomass from acoustically measured volume backscattering strength, Sv. It is demonstrated that both methods can convert the Sv to Microcystis biovolume concentrations reasonably well. Pro and cons of these methods are discussed. The results suggest that the presented methods may have a potential to be used for broader applications to monitor and quantify the gas-containing plankton in large aquatic ecosystems.

First Insight of Meso- and Bentho-Pelagic Fish Dynamics Around Remote Seamounts in the South Atlantic Ocean

Seamounts have long been recognised as hotspots for pelagic productivity and diversity in the world’s open ocean habitats. Recent studies have suggested that productivity may vary greatly between different seamounts, depending on complex interactions between the bathymetric features and local oceanography. These processes may enhance local primary production which support elevated biomass at higher trophic levels. In addition to enhancing local biomass, seamounts may also act as aggregative features, attracting pelagic species from the surrounding waters. Such characteristics make seamounts attractive targets for fisheries. However, as these unique habitats are localised and relatively small, they are vulnerable to overexploitation, which may have detrimental impact on the wider region. Mapping and quantitative assessments of the fish biomass at different seamounts are crucial prerequisites to identifying vulnerable seamounts and will aid toward understanding the dynamics of these important ecosystems and their vulnerability to fishing pressures. We used fisheries acoustics during two expeditions in 2018 and 2019, to investigate the distribution and abundance of fish and micronekton on and around five little studied seamounts of Tristan da Cunha, a remote archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean. The results confirmed increased productivity at the seamounts, compared to the surrounding open ocean with higher acoustic backscatter values, a proxy for biomass, particularly at the shallower (~200 m depth) seamounts. Fish largely dominated the backscatter on most of the seamounts especially over the plateau areas where large densities of prey fish, primarily the mesopelagic Maurolicus inventionis, were detected. Very large aggregations, thought to consist of bentho-pelagic fish, were also observed over the slope of McNish Seamount that resulted in very high biomass estimates. Aggregations of this size and magnitude, have, to our knowledge, never been mapped or quantified on seamounts, using acoustic methods. Specific physical processes, such as enhanced retention and vertical mixing that were identified by an oceanographic model, may be some of the drivers of the enhanced fish biomass detected at McNish. The characteristics of the seamounts observed in this work suggest that these habitats are highly suitable for the presence of large predatory fish that can utilise these areas as their primary habitat or as important foraging grounds.

Estimation of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) due to Burning of Household Biomass Fuel and Assessment of Health Risk among Women in Rural West Bengal

More than 75% population living in rural sectors in India and mostly rely on biomass fuels due to their easy availability. Here in this study we examined the health risk from the smoke emitted due burning of biomass fuels while cooking in rural houses in West Bengal. Out of numerous gaseous pollutant this study selected NO2 component to find out the health risk of women. NO2 has been monitored in kitchen and adjacent living room in N= 30 households in three season namely summer, monsoon and winter, respectively. Study results found that highest NO2 concentration found in kitchen room than in living room in all seasons and the difference between the concentrations showed significant results (&lt; 0.001). However, ANOVA analysis has been done to check the seasonal variation within the kitchen and living room NO2 concentrations and results have revealed that there was significant (&lt; 0.001) difference present within kitchen and living room concentration seasonally. Moreover, women health risk were assessed with established empirical model. Results showedthathere were no immediate acute health risk present among women whereas women possessed chronic health risk (HQ &gt; 1) from kitchen room NO2 concentration. This study concluded that NO2 has chronic health effects on women who habituated to continue cooking with unprocessed biomass fuels. Study also suggested to use more clean fuel like LPG, electric and solar energy for daily use and in this respect PMUY is doing a significant work.