Biological Effects Research Articles

Polystyrene nanoplastics enhance thrombosis through adsorption of plasma proteins

Plastic products offer remarkable convenience for modern life. However, growing concerns are emerging regarding the potential health hazards posed by nanoplastics, which formed as plastics break down. Currently, the biological effects and mechanisms induced by nanoplastics are largely underexplored. In this study, we report that polystyrene nanoplastics can enter the bloodstream and enhance thrombus formation. Our findings show that polystyrene nanoplastics adsorb plasma proteins, particularly coagulation factor XII and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, play a key role in this process, as demonstrated by proteomics, bioinformatic analyses, and molecular dynamics simulations. The adsorption of these proteins by nanoplastics is an essential factor in thrombosis enhancement. This newly uncovered pathway of protein adsorption leading to enhanced thrombosis provides new insights into the biological effects of nanoplastics, which may inform future safety and environmental risk assessment of plastics.

Comparative study on physicochemical characterization and immunomodulatory activities of neutral and acidic Lycium barbarum polysaccharides

Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) are recognized as key bioactive constituents of Lycium barbarum with diverse biological activities. However, current research on LBPs is largely confined to crude extracts, offering limited insight into the structural properties underlying their biological effects. In this study, we separated crude LBP into acidic LBP (ALBP) and neutral LBP (NLBP), which exhibited distinct physicochemical properties. ALBP, consisting of 76.18 % galacturonic acid (GalA), demonstrated crystallinity, thermal stability and gelatinous characteristics. In contrast, NLBP, with only 3.16 % GalA, displayed a more porous structure and superior fluidity. Furthermore, functional analysis revealed that NLBP exhibited enhanced immunoregulatory effects by activating dendritic cells and repolarizing macrophages. In a B16F10 melanoma-bearing C57BL/6 J mice model, NLBP significantly inhibited tumor growth with an inhibition rate of 66.7 % through macrophage repolarization. The findings highlight the distinct biological effects of NLBP and ALBP, providing a theoretical foundation for the refined utilization of LBP.

Biological Effects and Medical Applications [MTT-S Society News

Biological Effects and Medical Applications [MTT-S Society News

Biological Potential and Therapeutic Effectiveness of Phytoproduct 'Fargesin' in Medicine: Focus on the Potential of an Active Phytochemical of Magnolia fargesii.

Flos Magnoliae is one of the important medicinal plants in different traditional medicine, including Chinese herbal medicine. Lignans and neolignans, including tetrahydrofurofuran, tetrahydrofuran, and aryltetralin, are present in the Flos Magnoliae species. A wide range of pharmacological activity of Flos Magnoliae has been reported in medicine. Fargesin has been isolated from Magnolia fargesii and it is a lignan-class phytochemical. Fargesin has numerous pharmacological activities in medicine, including its effectiveness on lipid and glucose metabolism, oxidative stress, myocardial apoptosis, etc. In the present work, we have summarized the detailed scientific information of fargesin concerning its medicinal properties and pharmacological activities. Numerous biological and chemical aspects of fargesin are discussed here, including the detailed pharmacological activities and analytical aspects of fargesin. In this review, we have also compiled analytical data on fargesin based on available scientific literature. Ethnopharmacological information on fargesin was gathered by a literature survey on PubMed, Science Direct, Google, and Scopus using the terms fargesin, Flos Magnoliae, phytochemical, and herbal medicine. The present review paper compiled the scientific data on fargesin in medicine for its pharmacological activities and analytical aspects in a very concise manner with proper citations. The present work signified the biological importance of fargesin in medicine due to its significant impact on bone disorders, lung injury, colon cancer, atherosclerosis, neurological disorders, ischemia, sars-cov-2, allergy, lipid and glucose metabolism, melanin synthesis, and different classes of enzymes. Furthermore, fargesin also has anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, antiprotozoal, antimycobacterial, and antifeedant activity. However, analytical methods used for the separation, identification and isolation of fargesin in different biological and non-biological samples were also covered in the present review. The present work revealed the pharmacological activities and analytical aspects of fargesin in medicine and other allied health sectors.

Rhodotorulic Acid and its Derivatives: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications.

Siderophores are low molecular weight compounds produced by microorganisms to scavenge iron in iron-deficient environments. Rhodotorulic acid, a natural hydroxamate siderophore, plays a vital role in iron acquisition for fungi and bacteria. As the simplest natural hydroxamate siderophore, it exhibits a high affinity for ferric ions, enabling it to form stable complexes that facilitate iron uptake and transport within microorganisms. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of this hydroxamate siderophore, rhodotorulic acid, its synthesis, physicochemical properties, and biological significance. It also explores its applications in antifungal and plant protection strategies. Insights into RA derivatives reveal distinct biological effects and applications with potential in various fields, from antioxidants to antifungals. Rhodotorulic acid and its derivatives show promise for novel therapies, plant protection strategies, and iron supplementation in agriculture. Understanding their properties could advance science and medicine with sustainable practices.

More than a contaminant: How zinc promotes carbonate-mineralizing bacteria metabolism and adaptation by reshaping precipitation conditions

Although microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) technology is both environmentally friendly and cost-effective, its efficiency is constrained by challenges such as low bacterial activity and heavy metal stress. This study explored the enhancement of mineralization efficiency by incorporating zinc (Zn) into the cultivation system of carbonate-mineralized bacteria. All Zn salts at a concentration of 30 μmol/L significantly enhanced the density and heavy metal resistance of bacterial cells, while also promoting CO2 hydration efficiency. The activities of urease and carbonic anhydrase (CA) were significantly elevated after treatment with 30 μmol/L ZnCl2 and Zn(C3H5O3)2 (ZnL) compared to the control. The results from qRT-PCR and ELISA confirmed that ZnL exhibited a stable biological effect on CA gene expression. Through the analysis of surface chemistry of cells and the subcellular distribution pattern of cadmium (Cd), it was observed that Zn supplementation maintained the cell surface stability and strengthened the cellular barrier against Cd uptake. SEM, FTIR and XRD results further confirmed that Zn supplementation significantly increased the complexity of the mineral morphology, resulting in a more stable crystal structure of CdCO3. This study offers additional theoretical and technical backing, opening a new avenue for the practical application of MICP technology in heavy metal remediation.

Dose-averaged linear energy transfer within the gross tumor volume of non-small-cell lung cancer affects the local control in carbon-ion radiotherapy

Background and purposeHigh linear energy transfer (LET) radiation exhibits stronger tumor-killing effect. However, the correlation between LET and the therapeutic efficacy in Carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) for locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) is currently not clear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the dose-averaged LET (LETd) distribution within tumor and local recurrence for LA-NSCLC treated with CIRT. Methods and materialsAn analysis of 62 consecutive patients with LA-NSCLC who underwent CIRT from 2018 to 2022 was conducted. The LETd distribution was calculated based on their treated plans, and the correlation between local recurrence and LETd, relative biological effectiveness (RBE)-weighted doses (DRBE) and clinical factors was investigated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, log-rank test, and Cox regression analysis were performed based on that. Results16 patients were defined as local recurrence. Overall survival (OS) and local control (LC) at 24 months were 76.9 % and 73.2 %, respectively. The mean LETd in internal gross tumor volume (iGTV) in the local recurrence group was 48.7 keV/µm, significantly lower than the mean LETd of 53.2 keV/µm in the local control group (p = 0.016). No significant difference was observed in DRBE between the local recurrence and local control groups. ROC curve analysis indicated that a percentage of 88 % of volume in iGTV receiving at least 40 keV/µm (V40keV/μm) is the optimal threshold for predicting local recurrence (Area under curve (AUC) = 0.7636). The log-rank test and Cox regression analysis revealed that the LETd value covering 98 % volume of iGTV (LETd98%) was a significant risk factor for LC (p = 0.020). ConclusionsOur study revealed an association between LETd distribution and local recurrence in patients with LA-NSCLC. These findings suggest that lower LETd may increase the probability of local recurrence. We suggest that LETd distribution within iGTV should be routinely assessed in CIRT for lung cancer.

In Silico Prediction of Quercetin Analogs for Targeting Death-Associated Protein Kinase 1 (DAPK1) Against Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that greatly affects the health and life quality of the elderly population. Existing drugs mainly alleviate symptoms but fail to halt disease progression, underscoring the urgent need for the development of novel drugs. Based on the neuroprotective effects of flavonoid quercetin in AD, this study was designed to identify potential AD-related targets for quercetin and perform in silico prediction of promising analogs for the treatment of AD. Database mining suggested death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1) as the most promising AD-related target for quercetin among seven protein candidates. To achieve better biological effects for the treatment of AD, we devised a series of quercetin analogs as ligands for DAPK1, and molecular docking analyses, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) predictions, as well as molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, were performed. The energy for drug-protein interaction was predicted and ranked. As a result, quercetin-A1a and quercetin-A1a1 out of 19 quercetin analogs exhibited the lowest interaction energy for binding to DAPK1 than quercetin, and they had similar dynamics performance with quercetin. In addition, quercetin-A1a and quercetin-A1a1 were predicted to have better water solubility. Thus, quercetin-A1a and quercetin-A1a1 could be promising agents for the treatment of AD. Our findings paved the way for further experimental studies and the development of novel drugs.

Tire microplastic particles and warming inhibit physiological functions of the toxic microalga Alexandrium pacificum

Previous studies have confirmed that the tire microplastic particles (TMPs) have a variety of toxic biological effects. However, the potential toxic mechanisms of TMPs remain to be elucidated, especially in the interaction between particle behavior and seawater warming. In this study, we investigated the effects of three different concentrations of TMPs suspensions (0mg/L, 1mg/L, and 500mg/L) on Alexandrium pacificum in both the presence and absence of warming. Our results revealed significant differences in toxicity among different concentrations of TMPs towards A. pacificum, i.e., low concentrations promoting but high concentrations inhibiting, furthermore, warming exacerbated these toxicological responses. Specifically, under elevated temperature, high concentrations TMPs could inhibit photosynthetic pigment and chlorophyll fluorescence parameter, as well as the nutrient absorption, and induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, TMPs could adsorb onto microalgae surfaces and thus, forming heterogeneous aggregates through agglomeration with extracellular secretions. This is strongly correlated with biomarker response. Overall, these findings highlight the influence of warming on the toxicity of TMPs and provide valuable data for risk assessment.

Biological effectiveness of Tebuconazole under three commercial names and Epoxyconazole for control of Karnal Bunt in the field

Commercial fungicides Opus, Tacora, Velficur, and Zoll, were evaluated in the field, to determine their biological effectiveness to control karnal bunt (Tilletia indica) of wheat. A completely randomized design was used with four replications. Twenty heads in each replication of experimental line KBSUS were inoculated during the boot stage with an allantoid sporidial suspension (10,000/mL). Commercial rates indicated in the containers of each product were followed. The first application was carried out ten days after inoculation (Zadoks stages 56-58), and the second one ten days later. Inoculated spikes were threshed by hand and the healthy and infected kernels were counted to determine the percentage of infection. Other variables evaluated were a thousand grain weight (g) and grain weight per plot (kg). The biological effectiveness of the products evaluated were Opus 95.1, Tacora 82.5, Velficur 76.1, and Zoll 59.2 %. The untreated inoculated check had a mean of 81.7 % infection. There were statistical differences for the products evaluated for level of infection after arcsin transformation (Tukey, p = 0.05), and the coefficient of variation was 8.30 %. The average a thousand grain weight per treatment was 38.3, 38.7, 38.6, and 39.2 g, for Opus, Tacora, Velficur, and Zoll, respectively, and 35.7 g for the untreated inoculated check, while the average grain weight per plot was 0.396 kg, 0.388, 0.371, and 0.375, respectively, and 0.291 for the untreated inoculated check. No phytotoxic effects of treatments applied to the wheat plant were observed.

Вплив червоного та синього електромагнітного випромінювання на каталазну активність зародків в’юна Misgurnus fossilis L.

Photobiomodulation therapy is widely used to treat various pathological conditions. This therapy is based on the use of monochromatic light radiation. The light of the visible spectrum induces different biological effects at the molecular and cellular levels, both therapeutic and toxic. The obtained effect depends on the length of radiation, exposure, etc. One of the possible mechanisms of such influence is the regulation of pro-oxidant-antioxidant homeostasis. In order to clarify the mechanism of action of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) of different spectral composition, catalase (CAT) activity was investigated in germ cells of loach Misgurnus fossilis L. during embryogenesis. Since, loach embryos are an adequate system that reflects the physiological state of the cell both under normal conditions and as a result of the influence of various pharmacological, physical and chemical agents. The resulting zygotes were irradiated (10 min) with blue and red LEDs (λ = 460 and 660 nm, respectively). The activity of CAT was determined by the ability of hydrogen peroxi­de to form a stable colored complex with molybdenum salts. It was established that EMR of the red spectrum has the most pronounced biological effects and caused significant changes in catalase activity during embryogenesis relative to control and blue light. The maximum increase of the indicator occurs at the stage of 16 blastomeres, and at the stage of 8 and 10 divisions, a gradual decrease in enzymatic activity is observed. Irradiation by the light of the blue spectrum lasting 10 min did not cause significant changes in catalase activi­ty relative to the control at the early stages of loach embryogenesis. The obtained results suggest that CAT, one of the key enzymes of the antioxidant defense system, undergoes photoactivation under the influence of red light.

Increased cell killing effect in neutron capture enhanced proton beam therapy

AbstractThermal neutrons generated in the body during proton beam therapy (PBT) can be used to cause boron neutron capture reactions and have recently been proposed as neutron capture enhanced PBT (NCEPBT). However, the cell killing effect of NCEPBT remains underexplored. Here, we show an increase in the cell killing effect of NCEPBT. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we showed that neutrons generated by proton beam irradiation are uniformly spread on tissue culture plates. Human salivary gland tumor cell line (HSG), human osteosarcoma cell line (MG63), human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line (SAS), and human malignant melanoma cell line (G-361) were irradiated with X-rays, proton beams, and proton beams with 10B-enriched boronophenylalanine (boron concentration of 20 and 80 ppm). The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) values of proton beams alone, proton beams with 20 ppm boron, and proton beams with 80 ppm boron for HSG, MG63, SAS, and G-361 were 1.02, 1.07, and 1.23; 1.01, 1.08, and 1.44; 1.05, 1.09, and 1.46; and 1.04, 1.13, and 1.63, respectively. NCEPBT with high boron concentration showed high RBE and a high sensitizing effect. Our results confirm an increase in the cell killing effect of NCEPBT, should aid in its clinical use, and warrant its further investigation.

Overview on Design and Synthesis of Sulfonamide Derivative through Condensation of Amino Group Containing Drug

In medicinal and non-pharmacological chemistry, sulfonamides (SN) are an advisory functional group that forms the basis of many drugs. As such, they are very important. Recently, very significant techniques for the synthesis of sulfonamides have been developed. Numerous pharmacologic activities, including anti-dydropteroate synthetase and anti-carbonic anhydrase, are displayed by sulfonamides. Derivatives of sulfonamides can be used to treat a range of medical conditions, including glaucoma, hypoglycemia, stasis, diarrhea, and inflammation. Our current work has concentrated on creating and synthesizing sulfonamide derivatives via condensation reaction between amino group-containingdrugs.The functionality of sulfonamideinthe clinical trial for the treatment of various medical conditions. For these reasons, development of an efficient process for the synthesis of sulfonamides has always been in the focus for research in organic field synthesis. The most typical method for the synthesis involves reaction between primary or secondary amines and sulfonyl chloride in presence of organic or inorganic bases. Although this method is effective, but the nucleophilicity of amines may vary depending on the groups attached to it. In general, primary amines are highly reactive, whereas secondary amines show very low to almost nil reactivity. In this study, we have reviewed past and recent biological effects of some sulfonamide derivatives and some advances efficient synthetic procedures for some types of sulfonamides. A sulfonamide is a functional group that is the basis of several sulfa drugs and thereby are very much important scaffolds in medicinal as well as in synthetic organic chemistry. Recently very important methodologies have been developed for the synthesis of sulfonamide. This complex review article covers the recent developments (mainly in period 2013- 2019) of powerful methodologies for the synthesis of sulfonamide compounds, particularly where SO2N(R) moiety is not present in a cyclic structure and their applications in various fields during this period. A critical view of the mechanisms of the developed methodologies together with the scope and limitation of these methods adds an extra dimension to the text

Abstract C031: Targeting colorectal cancer-associated fibroblasts with all-trans retinoic acid to reprogram the tumor microenvironment

Abstract Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a prominent component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and are known for their role in supporting tumor growth and progression through interactions with cancer cells and other stromal elements. Liver metastatic CAFs (lmCAFs), in particular, play an important role in establishing the secondary niche that facilitates tumor metastasis. Reprogramming the stroma, particularly targeting the pro-tumorigenic functions of lmCAFs, has emerged as a promising therapeutic intervention to disrupt the supportive environment tumors rely on for progression. An initial drug screen of FDA-approved oncology therapies was conducted on patient-derived colorectal cancer (CRC) CAFs and tumor organoids (PDTOs) to identify compounds that may be re-purposed as stroma targeting agents. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) was shown to specifically inhibit the proliferation of CAFs without affecting CRC-PDTOs. ATRA is an active metabolite of Vitamin A that exerts its canonical biological effects by binding to nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RAR). The differential RAR expression in multiple CAFs and PDTOs was confirmed with bulk RNA sequencing, with higher expression found in the CAF lines. Subsequent analysis included the qPCR assessment of glycolysis enzyme levels, CAF activation markers, and ATRA signaling in lmCAFs following treatment with ATRA for 5 days. Protein expression of key components of the TGF-b signaling pathway, including SMAD 2/3, Akt, and b-catenin, were also analyzed. Treatment of lmCAFs with ATRA induced expression of RARb and ALDH1A1, biomarkers associated with ATRA signaling pathways. In one patient-derived CAF line, ATRA treatment exhibited a decrease in CAF activation markers (e.g. aSMA) and glycolytic enzymes (e.g. lactate dehydrogenase). On the other hand, another CAF line showed increased fibroblast activation and a shift away from metabolic dependency on glycolysis upon ATRA treatment. Additionally, ATRA targeted TGF-b signaling through the pSMAD 2/3 and Akt pathways, highlighting the multifaceted impact on CAF function and heterogeneity. ATRA effectively reprograms some CAFs by inhibiting their proliferation and altering key signaling pathways, thereby disrupting the pro-tumorigenic environment of the TME. The results of this study suggest that ATRA holds potential as a therapeutic strategy to target and reprogram the CAFs within the permissive stromal components essential for tumor progression. Citation Format: Brandon Choi, Yuyuan Zhou, Seungil Kim, Shannon M. Mumenthaler. Targeting colorectal cancer-associated fibroblasts with all-trans retinoic acid to reprogram the tumor microenvironment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Tumor-body Interactions: The Roles of Micro- and Macroenvironment in Cancer; 2024 Nov 17-20; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(22_Suppl):Abstract nr C031.

Biological Effects and Clinical Application of the Anti-Immunoglobulin E Antibody

Immunoglobulin E (IgE) plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of allergic diseases. Since the discovery of IgE in 1967, the pathogenesis of allergic inflammatory diseases has been progressively revealed thereby providing a theoretical foundation for the development of therapeutic anti-IgE antibodies, which have emerged as a new method for the treatment of allergic diseases. In this paper, we aim to summarize and elaborate on the mechanism of biological effects and clinical application of anti-IgE antibodies by examining related global literature, particularly regarding Omalizumab in the past 5 years. We seek to establish theoretical foundations for the formation of new strategies for anti-allergic treatment.

Triterpenoids from Ganoderma lucidum inhibit cytochrome P450 enzymes interfering with the metabolic process of specific clinical drugs

BackgroundGanoderma lucidum (G. lucidum), which possesses various biological effects, has been widely used as traditional medicine and functional food in Asian countries, especially China. In consideration of its various biological effects on human healthcare, G. lucidum was usually used in combination with other drugs. However, the potential drug-drug interaction induced by G. lucidum through cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) remain unknown.MethodsUsing the in vivo activity assay of CYPs, the inhibitory effects of G. lucidum and its constituents could be evaluated. The interference of G. lucidum on the metabolic processes of clinical drugs could be investigated. The chemical constituents of G. lucidum could be identified using LC-MS. The interaction between bioactive compounds and CYPs could be proposed through in silico docking analysis and molecular dynamics.ResultsThe dichloromethane extract of G. lucidum could inhibit various CYP450 subtypes in vitro and interfere with the pharmacokinetics of four drugs in rats. Triterpenoids were identified as the main constituents of the dichloromethane extract by Q-TOF-MSn in preliminary analyses. Then, a triterpenoid library containing 66 compounds was established to evaluate their inhibitory effects against CYP 1A2, 2D6, 3A4, 2A6, 2B6, 2C9, and 2C19. CYP 1A2 was inhibited by most lanostane triterpenoids, indicating a strong affinity for these compounds. Among triterpenoids, compound 25 displayed a broad inhibitory effect against CYPs, except for CYP 3A4, 2D6, 2C9, and 2C19. Finally, compounds 6 and 25 exhibited interference with the metabolism of 16 drugs through the inhibition of CYPs in vitro. In silico molecular docking analyses for assaying the interaction between compound 25 and CYPs indicated that the hydrogen bonds formed between the hydroxyl groups and amino acid residues.ConclusionG. lucidum displayed broad inhibitory effects on CYPs, with triterpenoids as the main bioactive constituents, which may induce potential drug-drug interaction. This information should be helpful for the rational use of G. lucidum in promoting human health.

Ionizing radiation inhibits zebrafish embryo hatching through induction of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) expression.

Ionizing radiation (IR) has garnered growing attention because of its biological effects on aquatic organisms and humans. Here, we identify the most impacted organs and uncover the molecular mechanisms causing the changes in the context of vertebrate development using single-cell RNA sequencing. Alterations in cellular composition and biological functions were explored using transcriptomic profiling of zebrafish embryos exposed to 5 Gy. Single-cell RNA sequencing analyses unveiled notable shifts in the proportions of brain/central nervous system and hatching gland clusters. Although IR exposure led to increased expression of hatching enzymes, a significant but mild delay in hatching was observed following 5 Gy IR exposure. Gene Ontology analysis showed an increased expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), known as matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors, which was confirmed via whole-mount in situ hybridization. Correlation analysis linked TIMPs to transcription factors cebpb and cebpd, which were significantly correlated post-IR exposure. Although no morphological changes were observed in some organs, including the brain, the study reveals substantial alterations in developing vertebrates. Notably, despite increased hatching enzymes, elevated TIMPs in the hatching gland suggest a regulatory mechanism impacting hatching activity. This research contributes to comprehending the ecological repercussions of IR exposure, emphasizing the importance of safety measures for aquatic ecosystems and overall environmental health.

MDM4 inhibits ferroptosis in p53 mutant colon cancer via regulating TRIM21/GPX4 expression.

MDM4 is one of the major regulators of p53. The biological effect of MDM4 on tumor is controversial, its role and molecular mechanism in colon cancer progression and prognosis are still unclear. In this study, we identify that MDM4 is significantly overexpressed in human colon cancer and high MDM4 expression was associated with poor prognosis of colon cancer with mutant p53. MDM4 inhibits the ubiquitination of the ferroptosis marker protein GPX4 at K167 and K191 by upregulating the protein expression level of the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM21, which promotes the polyubiquitination of GPX4 transfer from K48- to K63- linked ubiquitination. Thereby, MDM4 enhances the stability of GPX4 protein, inhibiting ferroptosis, increasing the resistance of colon cancer patients to chemotherapy, and promoting colon cancer progression. These findings elucidate the ferroptosis inhibition effect of MDM4 via regulating TRIM21/GPX4 on p53-mutated colon cancer and provide a potential therapeutic strategy for colon cancer therapy.

Wise Roles and Future Visionary Endeavors of Current Emperor: Advancing Dynamic Methods for Longitudinal Microbiome Meta-Omics Data in Personalized and Precision Medicine.

Understanding the etiological complexity of diseases requires identifying biomarkers longitudinally associated with specific phenotypes. Advanced sequencing tools generate dynamic microbiome data, providing insights into microbial community functions and their impact on health. This review aims to explore the current roles and future visionary endeavors of dynamic methods for integrating longitudinal microbiome multi-omics data in personalized and precision medicine. This work seeks to synthesize existing research, propose best practices, and highlight innovative techniques. The development and application of advanced dynamic methods, including the unified analytical frameworks and deep learning tools in artificial intelligence, are critically examined. Aggregating data on microbes, metabolites, genes, and other entities offers profound insights into the interactions among microorganisms, host physiology, and external stimuli. Despite progress, the absence of gold standards for validating analytical protocols and data resources of various longitudinal multi-omics studies remains a significant challenge. The interdependence of workflow steps critically affects overall outcomes. This work provides a comprehensive roadmap for best practices, addressing current challenges with advanced dynamic methods. The review underscores the biological effects of clinical, experimental, and analytical protocol settings on outcomes. Establishing consensus on dynamic microbiome inter-studies and advancing reliable analytical protocols are pivotal for the future of personalized and precision medicine.

Possible existence of dose-rate threshold for mutation induction by chronic low-dose-rate gamma-rays.

To assess the biological effects of low-dose and low-dose-rate radiation, we established a sensitive assay system for detecting somatic mutations in hypoxanthine-phosphoribosyltransferase 1 (HPRT1) gene. In this study, we investigated the dose-rate effects of mutagenesis by gamma irradiation at dose-rates of 6.6, 20 and 200mGy d-1. We identified a potential inflection point in the gamma-induced mutant frequency, which ranged between 6.6 and 20mGy d-1. In addition, the mutant spectrum was not different from that of the non-irradiated control at all dose-rates. Compared with previous studies with low-concentration HTO exposure, mutant frequencies were similar, but mutant spectrum showed different trends, especially at high-dose-rates (200mGy d-1). These observations indicate the presence of potential mechanistic differences in mutagenic events between tritium beta and gamma-rays.