Biological Systems Research Articles

Homeostasis in input-output networks: Structure, Classification and Applications.

Homeostasis in input-output networks: Structure, Classification and Applications.

AIE-based dual-ratiometric chemosensor for detection of sulfur dioxide derivatives and viscosity and its application in food samples and biological imaging.

AIE-based dual-ratiometric chemosensor for detection of sulfur dioxide derivatives and viscosity and its application in food samples and biological imaging.

Exploring cooperation evolution in biological and social systems through donation and moral sentiment.

Exploring cooperation evolution in biological and social systems through donation and moral sentiment.

Exploring the Molecular Mechanisms of Fisetin in Treating Periodontitis Through Multiomics and Network Pharmacology.

Exploring the Molecular Mechanisms of Fisetin in Treating Periodontitis Through Multiomics and Network Pharmacology.

Transcriptome analysis of head kidney and liver in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) symptomatically or asymptomatically infected with Flavobacterium columnare.

Transcriptome analysis of head kidney and liver in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) symptomatically or asymptomatically infected with Flavobacterium columnare.

Exploring the micro- and nanoplastics-diabetes nexus: Shattered barriers, toxic links, and methodological horizons.

Exploring the micro- and nanoplastics-diabetes nexus: Shattered barriers, toxic links, and methodological horizons.

Guiding Therapeutics: Lipid Labyrinths and Nanostructures for Enhanced Drug Delivery

Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) offer a breakthrough platform for drug therapy, surpassing traditional limitations and delivering exceptional performance. Among various nanoparticulate systems, lipid nanoparticles stand out as one of the most promising options for medication delivery. NLCs stand out due to their solid matrix at ambient temperatures, setting them apart from conventional lipid-based carriers such as nanoemulsions and solid lipid nanoparticles. This paper thoroughly explores the makeup, classification, components, and various methods of preparing NLCs, based on extensive research findings. It emphasizes their numerous advantages, such as improved stability, minimal toxicity, extended storage capability, increased drug-loading capacity, and compatibility with biological systems. The review provides insights into the advantages and limitations of each method. Exploring the intricacies of drug loading and release, the review also addresses strategies to bolster NLCs’ stability. Moreover, it provides a detailed summary of both laboratory- based and animal studies demonstrating the efficacy of NLCs carrying cytotoxic drugs, particularly emphasizing their promise in targeted drug delivery to the brain. As the next-generation lipid nanocarriers, NLCs are composed of physiological and biocompatible lipids, rendering them novel pharmaceutical formulations. These colloidal drug delivery systems boast a solid lipid matrix with nanosized structures, offering superior drug loading capacity, physical stability, and bioavailability compared to conventional lipid nanoparticles. Several techniques, including high-pressure homogenization, microemulsion, solvent evaporation, and melt emulsification, add to the flexibility of nanostructured lipid carriers. Additionally, their exterior can be altered using coatings such as polyethylene glycol, chitosan, or antibodies to improve targeting ability and stealth characteristics. By elucidating the promising role of NLCs across diverse drug delivery systems, this review stimulates interest in their potential applications. It underscores the significance of understanding the structure, content, multiple formulation procedures, and characterization of NLCs, which are pivotal aspects for establishing stable drug delivery systems.

Fibrous erionite modifications following THP-1 macrophage phagocytosis: An insight into the mechanisms of interaction with biological systems.

Fibrous erionite modifications following THP-1 macrophage phagocytosis: An insight into the mechanisms of interaction with biological systems.

Machine learning-driven insights into retention mechanism in IAM chromatography of anticancer sulfonamides: Implications for biological efficacy.

Machine learning-driven insights into retention mechanism in IAM chromatography of anticancer sulfonamides: Implications for biological efficacy.

Seasonal and regional differences of heavy metals and nutrients from the five mariculture areas of large yellow croaker: Implications for environmental and fish quality.

Seasonal and regional differences of heavy metals and nutrients from the five mariculture areas of large yellow croaker: Implications for environmental and fish quality.

Proteomic evaluation of borosilicate hybrid sol-gel coatings with osteogenic, immunomodulatory and antibacterial properties.

Proteomic evaluation of borosilicate hybrid sol-gel coatings with osteogenic, immunomodulatory and antibacterial properties.

Underestimated role of macromolecular crowding in bioengineered in vitro models of health and diseases.

Macromolecular crowding (MMC) is a ubiquitous phenomenon in biological systems that is largely overlooked in bioengineered in vitro cellular models. This comprehensive review examines the significant impact of both intracellular and extracellular MMC on cellular and molecular processes under physiological and pathological conditions. By synthesizing current knowledge and identifying critical gaps in our understanding of MMC, this review highlights the need to incorporate crowding into the development of in vitro models for studying health and diseases, as well as for drug discovery platforms. The pervasive nature of MMC in biological systems underscores its potential importance in various physiological and pathological processes, including protein aggregation disorders, cancer, and vascular diseases. Recognizing the ubiquitous influence of MMC could open new avenues for therapeutic interventions and deepen our understanding of fundamental biological processes.

Polyglycerol‐Grafted Graphene Oxide with pH‐Responsive Charge‐Convertible Surface to Dynamically Control the Nanobiointeractions for Enhanced in Vivo Tumor Internalization

AbstractpH‐responsive charge‐convertible nanomaterials (NMs) ameliorate the treatment of cancer via simultaneously reducing nonspecific interactions during systemic circulation and improving targeted uptake within solid tumors. While promising, little is known about how the pH‐responsiveness of charge‐convertible NMs directs their interactions with biological systems, leading to compromised performance, including off‐target retention and low specificity to tumor cells. In the present study, polyglycerol‐grafted graphene oxide bearing amino groups (GOPGNH2) at different densities are reacted with dimethylmaleic anhydride (DMMA), a pH‐responsive moiety, to generate a set of charge‐convertible GOPGNH‐DMMA variants. This permits the assessment of a quantitative correlation between the structure of GOPGNH‐DMMA to their pH‐responsiveness, their dynamic interactions with proteins and cells, as well as their in vivo biological fate. Through a systematic investigation, it is revealed that GOPGNH115‐DMMA prepared from GOPGNH2 with higher amine density experienced fast charge conversion at pH 7.4 to induce non‐specific interactions at early stages, whereas GOPGNH60‐DMMA and GOPGNH30‐DMMA prepared from lower amine density retarded off‐target charge conversion to enhance tumor accumulation. Notably, GOPGNH60‐DMMA is also associated with enough amounts of proteins under acidic conditions to promote in vivo tumor internalization. The findings will inform the design of pH‐responsive NMs for enhanced treatment accuracy and efficacy.

Advances of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles in Dental Implant Applications.

Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HANPs) are becoming increasingly crucial in dental implant applications as they are highly compatible with biological systems, actively support biological processes, and closely resemble bone minerals. This review covers the latest progress in how HANPs are made, studied, and used in dentistry. It looks at critical methods for creating HANPs, such as sol-gel, microwave hydrothermal synthesis, and biomimetic approaches, and how they affect the particles' size, structure, and activity. The green synthesis method illustrated a new door to synthesize HAp for maintaining biocompatibilityand increasing antibacterial properties. The review also explores how HANPs improve the integration of implants with bone, support bone growth, and help treat sensitive teeth based on various laboratory and clinical studies. The usage of HAp in dentin and enamel shows higher potentiality through FTIR, XPS, XRD, EDS, etc., for mechanical stability and biological balance compared to natural teeth. Additionally, the use of HANPs in dental products like toothpaste and mouthwash is discussed, highlighting its potential to help rebuild tooth enamel and fight bacteria. There are some challenges for long-term usage against oral bacteria, but doping with inorganic materials, like Zn, has already solved this periodontal problem. Much more research is still essential to estimate the fabrication variation based on patient problems and characteristics. Still, it has favorable outcomes regarding its bioactive nature and antimicrobial properties. Due to their compatibility with biological tissues and ability to support bone growth, HANPs hold great promise for advancing dental materials and implant technology, potentially leading to better dental care and patient outcomes.

MiRNAs: Biosynthesis, mechanism of action, and applications in biological systems

miRNAs: Biosynthesis, mechanism of action, and applications in biological systems

Preparation, characterization and analysis of anthocyanin arbutin co-amorphous complexes and evaluation of the inhibition of tyrosinase.

Preparation, characterization and analysis of anthocyanin arbutin co-amorphous complexes and evaluation of the inhibition of tyrosinase.

Effect of methoxychlor on liver function, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidants in experimental rats.

Effect of methoxychlor on liver function, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidants in experimental rats.

Deciphering the structural complexity of esterases in Amycolatopsis eburnea: A comprehensive exploration of solvent accessibility patterns.

Deciphering the structural complexity of esterases in Amycolatopsis eburnea: A comprehensive exploration of solvent accessibility patterns.

Evaluation of Trichoderma atroviride G79/11 growth intensity and metabolic activity under different additives using Biolog system

Evaluation of Trichoderma atroviride G79/11 growth intensity and metabolic activity under different additives using Biolog system

Skeletogenesis and acupuncture points.

Skeletogenesis and acupuncture points.