Biological Science Laboratory Research Articles

Efficacy of bio-based extracts on shelf life and quality of orange (citrus sinensis) fruits during storage in Makurdi, Nigeria

Experiment was conducted at the Biological Sciences Laboratory of Benue State University, Makurdi, Nigeria to determine the efficacy of bio-based extracts (Aloe vera and Gum arabic) on shelf-life and quality of sweet orange. Healthy orange fruits of two varieties (Valencia and Washington) used in the trial were picked at harvest maturity. The experimental design was a 2 x 4 factorial combination, fitted in a completely randomized design and replicated three times. The treatments consisted of two varieties of sweet orange and four extracts regimes (Aloe vera, Gum arabic, Aloe vera+Gum arabic and Control). The orange fruits were treated by dipping in extracts the various treatments until they were completely coated while the control fruits were not treated. The treated fruits and control were stored at ambient conditions of light and temperature for four weeks. Percentage weight loss, total soluble solids, fruit firmness, Vitamin C/Ascorbic acid content, pH, titratable acidity, decay percentage (DP %), marketability and shelf life of the fruits were recorded. The data were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using GENSTAT statistical package, and mean separation was done using Fisher’s Least Significant Difference (F-LSD) at 5% level of probability. Percent weight loss, fruit firmness, % decay and fruit marketability were significantly higher (P≤0.05) in Valencia compared with Washington. Fruits treated with Gum Arabic had significantly lower % weight loss and % decay compared with the control (P≤0.05). Fruit firmness was significantly higher (P≤0.05) in fruits treated with Gum Arabic + Aloe Vera while marketability was significantly higher in Aloe Vera treated fruits. All the treated fruits had significantly higher (P≤0.05) shelf life compared with the control. With respect to nutritional values, TSS was significantly higher (P≤0.05) in Valencia compared with Washington while Vitamin C and pH were significantly higher (P≤0.05) in Washington compared with Valencia. The TSS was significantly higher (P≤0.05) in Aloe Vera and Aloe Vera + Gum Arabic treated fruits compared with the control. The Vitamin C content of fruits treated with Gum Arabic was significantly (P≤0.05) higher followed by Aloe Vera + Gum Arabic compared with the control. All the treated fruits had significantly higher pH while TA was significantly lower (P≤0.05) compared with the control. Percent weight loss was positively and significantly correlated with % decay while marketability, shelf life, TSS, and TA were negatively and significantly correlated. The botanicals tested are environmentally friendly, cost-effective, easy to produce and also safe for consumers. The bio-based extracts of Aloe vera and Gum Arabic are recommended in the storage of flesh sweet orange fruits.

Evaluation of Microbiological Contamination of Some Selected Syrups and Suspentions Solid in Katsina Metropolis

Presented study attempted to evaluate the Microbiological contamination of some selected syrups and suspensions sold in Katsina metropolis. This study was conducted in Biological sciences laboratory Al-qalam University Katsina between the months of November 2021 to January 2022. Eighteen different types of oral liquid drugs (9 syrups and 9 suspensions) manufactured in different pharmaceutical industries of Nigeria were microbiologically examined using standard cultural and biochemical methods. All the samples were found to be contaminated with total viable bacteria and fungi with a maximum load of 103 cfu/ml among all samples were exceeded the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) limit (<102 cfu/ml). While the presences bacteria including; E.coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., were found to be presences in almost all samples, (the former of E.coli in 11 syrups and suspension samples, the Salmonella spp. in 3 suspension samples and the Shigella spp. In 8 suspensions). Existence of microorganisms in the oral liquid samples might explain the treatment complicacy of the diseased children. A routine microbiological study of such drugs is thus suggested.

Evaluation of Nutrients Composition, Minerals, Vitamins and Bioactive Components of Camel and Cow Milk Sold in Katsina Metropolis

Milk is considered as a nearly complete food since it is a good source of protein and major minerals. The consumption of camel and cow milk is becoming more popular, and this is by the perception of the nutritional and therapeutic benefits of the milks. Therefore, the aim of this research is to evaluate the nutrients composition, minerals, vitamins and bio-active components of camel and cow milk. Two samples of camel and cow milk were collected from Katsina central abattoir and transported to Al-Qalam University Katsina Biological Sciences Laboratory and were stored in an icebox. The determination of minerals composition, proximate analysis, Vitamins content and bio-active components were carried out in triplicates using standard analytical procedures. The minerals composition obtained from camel and cow milk were Impressive and Appreciable. The proximate analysis gave a high protein content of 13.00+1.120 in camel milk and 9.00+1.326 in cow milk, Ash content of 14.00+0.06 in camel milk and 18.333+0.577 in cow milk and fat content of (18.700+1.664 in camel and 20.366+0.635 in cow milk and low moisture content of 64.066+3.421 in camel milk and 49.800+2.771 in cow milk respectively. Vitamins content determined shows high content of vitamin c (1.0366+0.0115%) in camel milk and lower 0.960+0.121 in cow milk. the results obtained from bio-active components shows flavonoids, terpenoids and tannins absent, while Alkaloids, steroids and glycosides present. Therefore, camel and cow milk revealed the therapeutic and nutritional properties which are widely exploited for human health.

Effect of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) and Trichoderma harzianum (Rifai) on Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.)

Two isolations of fungi from a bank of microorganisms in the Biological Sciences Laboratory at Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo were tested on the galling caused by Meloidogyne incognita in tomato seedlings grown in pots with substrate infested with a suspension of nematodes, with approximately 2000 juvenile stages (J2) from root galls of plants infested with M. incognita, taken from the Nematology laboratory of the Ecuadorian Agricultural Quality Assurance Agency (AGROCALIDAD). Pleurotus ostreatus was a fungus with nematicidal characteristics through production of toxins; while Trichoderma harzianum is a widely known fungus, although it is a plant growth promoter rather than a nematicide. The two fungi were formulated in wheat straw and rabbit manure. A complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications was used, with a chemical control (Fenamiphos) and an absolute control. Five grams of each formulation was applied per plant before the transplant. The number of galls in the roots, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves and fresh and dry weight of the aerial part and roots of 180 tomato plants grown in greenhouse were evaluated at 60 days after transplant. The results showed that the two fungi reduced the number of galls and made it possible to obtain dry weights of the aerial and radicular part very close to the chemical control (10.09 and 3.39 g) with 8.68; 8.04; 2.96 and 3.25 g respectively. Besides Trichoderma harzianum proved to be a good promoter of root growth, therefore, the use of these bioformulates is a promising measure for the control of this phytonematode

Forster resonance energy transfer for studying nucleic acids denaturation: A chemical and biological sciences laboratory experiment.

The Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) melting assay intends to evaluate the unfolding, denaturation process of DNA secondary structures, and its stabilization using compounds known as DNA binders, some of which are highly specific for G-quadruplex DNAs versus duplex DNAs. First, students determined the melting temperature (Tm ) of DNA sequences double labeled with 5'-FAM (fluorescein) and 3'-TAMRA (tetramethylrhodamine) in the absence of DNA binders. Second, they determined the melting temperature of the DNAs in the presence of DNA binders by monitoring fluorescence. After completing this experiment, students understood that this method allows a semiquantitative analysis to test a variety of DNA binders against DNA secondary structures, and it can be used to rapidly identify the most promising drug candidates in the drug development stages at the basic research level.

Effects of Plant Species on the Physico-chemical Properties of Soil in Falgore Game Reserve, Kano State, Nigeria

This study was carried out to examine the effect of plant species on soil properties in the Falgore Game Reserve (FGR) in Kano State, Nigeria; with the aim to promote sustainable conservation and management of the game reserve and to encourage the use of multiple tree species on farmlands. Strata, systematic and random sampling techniques were employed in order to capture the variability of land cover. Composite samples of soil were randomly collected at a depth of 0-30cm from sample plots of 50 m × 50 m sizes at five points using soil auger. This experiment was replicated four times. The samples were thoroughly mixed and spread out on a dry floor to air dried under the roofed shade. The samples were packaged in polythene bags and taken to the biological science laboratory (Bayero University Kano, Nigeria) for preparation and analysis. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA and Correlation at p< 0.05. Based on this finding, shrubs and tree species diversity were found to be inversely related to soil total Nitrogen, N, % O.C and soil pH (H2O). The nitrogen content of the soil sample was more stable compared with the carbon content across the strata in the study area. The results of this finding revealed that plants species diversity have different effects on soil properties of FGR. Thus, it is recommended that conservation and restoration of threatened plant species should be encouraged for soil amendment. For easy adoption of plant species on farmlands, farmers should be enlightened more on the effects and environmental functions of trees on farm land.

Doctoral student experiences in biological sciences laboratory rotations

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the experience of selecting and engaging in biological sciences laboratory rotations from the perspective of doctoral students.Design/methodology/approachWithin the socialization framework, this study uses a qualitative approach whereby 42 biological sciences students enrolled at highly selective US universities were interviewed in the first and second year of doctoral training about laboratory rotation experiences.FindingsThe study revealed how doctoral students used formal and informal information networks, explored research topics, struggled with funding concerns and learned about the social aspect of the laboratories in which they rotated.Originality/valueWhile rotations are considered a signature pedagogy in the laboratory sciences, students’ experiences within them are understudied. This study offers new knowledge about what doctoral students experience while rotating that can be used to inform and improve rotation processes for both students and universities.

Effect of Different Storage Methods on Development of Post-Harvest Rot of Solanum tuberosum L. in Yola, Adamawa State Nigeria

Investigation into the effects of different storage methods on the development of post-harvest rot of Irish potato [Solanum tuberosum (L.)] were carried out in the Biological Sciences Laboratory of Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola using completely Randomized Design (CRD). Two thousand grammes of healthy Irish potato tubers were stored in ‘A’ medium-sized (35x30x23cm) perforated plastic basin and covered with chaff of guinea corn, in ‘B’ the potatoes were smeared with 2.0g of wood ash and kept in (35x30x23cm) perforated plastic basin , in ‘C’ the potatoes were kept in a medium size (38x25x18cm) box, in ‘D’ the potatoes were heaped on a clean floor and covered with 30cm rice straw with a ventilating duct, in ‘E’ they were stored underground (20x30cm) hole and lastly ‘F’ the potatoes were left on the ground which served as control (untreated). Data were collected every week for six weeks on percent weight loss and rot development, the data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the means that were significant were separated using the Least Significant Difference (LSD). Results showed that wood ash provided the best storage medium with a weight loss of 43g. This is followed by straw which recorded 53g and the highest was the storage in box with 110g weight loss. On rot development wood ash also proved most effective with a least mean value of 56g, followed by rice straw 122g, while underground storage was the least with 322g. Analysis of variance showed significance differences among the various treatments. Storage of Solanum tuberosum tubers in wood ash and rice straw are the most suitable control measure. Keywords: Solanum tuberosum, weight loss, rot development, rice straw, guinea corn chaff and wood ash. DOI : 10.7176/JBAH/9-4-03

PROFIL LABORATORIUM IPA/BIOLOGI DAN KOMPETENSI GURU PENGELOLA LABORATORIUM SMA SWASTA DI KOTA PEKANBARU

The study was conducted with the aim of wanting to find out the biology laboratory profiles in high schools, especially private. Research was carried out on private high schools in the city of Pekanbaru T.A 2016/2017, as the research sample was carried out in a random way. This research method was using surveys, documentation and observation. The research instrument used in this study was documentation guidelines for knowing the Biology Science lab in high school. The results of the data analyzed descriptively regarding the Profile of the Biological Science Laboratory of SMAS in Pekanbaru showed that the Biology Science laboratory conditions were undergraduate and S4 in 89.4% (Very good), and each indicator observed at the time of observation showed good laboratory conditions.

Surface bacterial flora of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in open markets of Yenagoa, Bayelsa state

Surface bacterial flora of Tilapia in open markets of Yenagoa, Bayelsa State was investigated in order to ascertain their pathogen content, natural toxins and other possible contaminants which is a major cause of diarrhea disease, illness and deaths worldwide. Nine (9) Tilapia fish were obtained from each of three open markets located at Swali, Kpansia and Tombia in Yenagoa. The fish were put in different plastic bags tagged and transported to the Biological science laboratory of the Niger Delta University, Amasoma, Bayelsa State. Swab specimens were then taken from each fish and a stock solution was prepared for each fish specimen. Slide samples for each stock solution were made and analyzed using an electron microscope with magnification of 3000x. Result reveals that the bacteria streptococci, staphylococci were present in all fish samples. There were significant differences in bacterial load in the three different markets in Yenagoa. Based on observation from this study, it can be concluded that fresh fish in Yenagoa pose a serious health risk if consumed without proper washing and cooking.

Isolation of Coprophilous Mycoflora from Different Dung Types in Some Local Government Areas of Niger State, Nigeria

This study investigated coprophilous mycoflora on different dung types in some Area of Niger State. Dung samples of four herbivorous animals (Camel, Cow, Donkey and Horse) were collected from three areas (Enagi, Lapai and New Bussa) in Niger State, Nigeria. The dungs were dried in the Department of Biological Sciences Laboratory, Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University Lapai. A total of six (6) species of macro fungi (Agaricus campestris, Panaeolus papilionaceus, Agaricus bisphorus, Protostropharia semiglobata, Deconica coprophila, Copelandia cyanescens) and six (6) species of micro fungi (Aspergilous. niger, A flavus, A. fumigates, Alternaria sp, Pencillium sp, and Rhizopus stolonifer) were isolated. A. campestris has the highest percentage (40%) of macro fungi (from cow dung), while the least was A. bisphorus with (0.02%). Alternaria sp has the highest (33.26%) among the micro fungi isolated. From horse dung, A. fumigates was isolated with the least percentage of occurrence of 0.10% among the micro fungi. On this note, the animal dung investigated consists of both edible and poisonous fungi. Public enlightenment is therefore recommended on the good and bad effects these fungi. They may also be harnessed for industrial use.

Boosting Response: The Impact of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors on Radiation Treatment Schedules

1Department of Radiation Oncology, Christiana Care Health Services Inc., Newark DE 19713, USA 2Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, Christiana Care Health Services Inc., Newark DE 19713, USA 3Department of Radiation Oncology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA 4Department of Radiation Physics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA 5Departments of Biological Sciences and Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark DE 19713, USA *Corresponding author Jennifer Sims-Mourtada, PhD Senior Clinical Scientist Center for Translational Cancer Research Helen F Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute Christiana Care Health Services Inc. Newark DE 19713, USA; Departments of Biological Sciences and Medical Laboratory Sciences University of Delaware Newark DE 19713, USA Tel. 302-623-4648 Fax: 1-302623 -4314 E-mail: jsimsmourtada@christianacare.org

Study of Some Physico-chemical Parameters and Their Effect on Potential Fish Yield in Gbedikere Lake, Bassa, Kogi State, Nigeria

The study of physico-chemical parameters and their effect on potential fish yield in Gbedikere Lake was carried out. Water samples were collected between 9 am and 10 am every fourth nightly from three sampling points marked A, B and C between September 2006 and December 2008. Temperature and Transparency were measured on the field using Temperature Meter (9091 model) and Secchi-disk. 250 ml of water samples were collected and transported to the Biological Sciences Laboratory for analysis of pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO2), Conductivity and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). The result showed that Temperature, pH, Conductivity, DO2, TDS and Transparency ranged from 26-29 C, 5.08-8.02, 0.04-42.19 o ms/m /mol , 6.1-19.85 mg/l, 13.00-45.00 mg/l and 8.0-68.7 cm respectively. The correlation matrix for 2 -1 physico-chemical parameters revealed that there was no significant difference between Temperature, pH and Conductivity (p 0.05) between Temperature, TDS, pH an d Conductivity in the three sampling points. Water quality parameters of the lake were found to be suitable for fish production.

Wing Patterns in the Mist

Wing Patterns in the Mist

Fecundity and fertility of Macrobrachium amazonicum (Crustacea, Palaemonidae)

In Brazil, studies with native freshwater prawn species were discontinued due to great importance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Therefore, it is necessary to continue investigations about our species, in order to develop technology adequate to our reality and in a future allow prawn farmers to culture other species. The aim of this study was to determine the fecundity and fertility of Macrobrachium amazonicum captured monthly from June 1999 to June 2001 from Jaguaribe River, Itaiçaba, Ceará, Brazil. Prawns were collected using fishing net and transferred at Biological Science Laboratory, Ceara State University (Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil). Among the ovigerous M. amazonicum females, 60 were randomly selected to determine fecundity. The eggs adhered to the pleopods were taken out and they were then placed in a Gilson solution, and then stored in alcohol 70%. Individual fecundity was determined from the total egg counting, using a stereoscopic microscope. To determine fertility, ovigerous M. amazonicum females were stored in individual 10 L-glass tanks maintained under strong aeration. After the hatching, the larvae were siphoned and counted. The data referring to total length and weight of all the females, storage date, coloration and number of eggs, weight and coloration of gonad and number of hatched larvae were noted. With respect to average fecundity (F) by length classes, the lowest and highest number of eggs observed was 696 and 1,554, respectively. As for fecundity by weight classes, the lowest number of eggs observed was 760 and the highest, 1,690. The highest number of eggs observed individually per hatching was 2,193. Average fecundity/total length (L) and average fecundity/total weight (W) may be expressed by a linear relationship. The adjusted equations are: F = -411.6 + 203.1 L (p < 0.0001) and F = 566.4 + 157.3 W (p < 0.0001), respectively. In the analysis of average fertility (N) per length classes, the lowest and highest number of larvae observed was 374 and 1,301, respectively. With respect to fertility per weight classes, the lowest number of larvae was 581 and the highest, 1,391. In this work, the maximum number of larvae observed per hatching for females kept in laboratory was 2,594. Average fertility/total length and average fertility/total weight may be expressed by a linear relationship. The adjusted equations are: N = -1042.7 + 264.9 L (p < 0.0002); N = 384.1 + 160.3 W (p < 0.003). From these results we can deduced that fecundity and fertility of M. amazonicum are lower than ones commercial species, never-the-less it can be captured during all year long. The number of captured prawns was large in the months whose level of water was low; the inverse was observed in the months that the river was with a high volume of water.

Laboratory Equipment: Estimating Losses and Mitigation Costs

The building code provides seismic design criteria for the structural and nonstructural systems in most building types, but there are no regulations to govern the installation of a building's contents. In certain building types, such as museums, libraries, high-tech fabrication facilities, and research laboratories, the contents are valuable or critical to operations, or both. This paper focuses on strategies for improving seismic performance for laboratory furnishings and equipment. A survey of science laboratories at the University of California, Berkeley, served as the basis for constructing a simplified taxonomy of laboratory equipment, mitigation designs, and cost estimates. Case studies of five laboratories in different disciplines, and one biological science laboratory building, demonstrate mitigation techniques and potential installation costs. The case studies also highlight the importance of considering the contents separately from the structural and nonstructural systems when developing vulnerability estimates for certain building types in earthquake loss modeling.

Determination of Amylose and Amylopectin of Wheat Starch Using High Performance Size‐Exclusion Chromatography (HPSEC)

Cereal ChemistryVolume 79, Issue 6 p. 771-773 Determination of Amylose and Amylopectin of Wheat Starch Using High Performance Size-Exclusion Chromatography (HPSEC) L. A. Grant, Corresponding Author L. A. Grant grantl@fargo.ars.usda.gov Research Chemist and Biological Science Laboratory Technician, USDA-ARS Hard Red Spring and Durum Wheat Quality Laboratory, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105. Names are necessary to report factually on available data, however the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by the USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. Corresponding author. Email: grantl@fargo.ars.usda.gov. Fax: 701-239-1377.Search for more papers by this authorA. M. Ostenson, A. M. Ostenson Research Chemist and Biological Science Laboratory Technician, USDA-ARS Hard Red Spring and Durum Wheat Quality Laboratory, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105. Names are necessary to report factually on available data, however the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by the USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable.Search for more papers by this authorP. Rayas-Duarte, P. Rayas-Duarte Associate professor, Food & Agricultural Products Research Center, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-6055.Search for more papers by this author L. A. Grant, Corresponding Author L. A. Grant grantl@fargo.ars.usda.gov Research Chemist and Biological Science Laboratory Technician, USDA-ARS Hard Red Spring and Durum Wheat Quality Laboratory, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105. Names are necessary to report factually on available data, however the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by the USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable. Corresponding author. Email: grantl@fargo.ars.usda.gov. Fax: 701-239-1377.Search for more papers by this authorA. M. Ostenson, A. M. Ostenson Research Chemist and Biological Science Laboratory Technician, USDA-ARS Hard Red Spring and Durum Wheat Quality Laboratory, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105. Names are necessary to report factually on available data, however the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by the USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable.Search for more papers by this authorP. Rayas-Duarte, P. Rayas-Duarte Associate professor, Food & Agricultural Products Research Center, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-6055.Search for more papers by this author First published: 30 October 2002 https://doi.org/10.1094/CCHEM.2002.79.6.771Citations: 47AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume79, Issue6November/December 2002Pages 771-773 RelatedInformation

REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF THE MALE AND FEMALE NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH1,2

The internal anatomy of the reproductive system is described and illustrated for both sexes of adult Nantucket pine tip moth. Each system is slightly over 1 mm in length and in width. The paired ovaries and the testes are the largest organs in the abdomen of female and male moths, respectively. The anatomy is similar to that of other ditrysian Lepidoptera. Procedures used to study these systems are simple, requiring materials and equipment found in any biological science laboratory.

A Biology Workshop Program

X ithin the past five years, there have been developments in several areas of biological science which have had tremendous impact on the scientific world. The advances in molecular genetics and the unraveling of the basic features of the genetic code, the isolation and identification of the primary reactants in photosynthesis, and the concepts of the origin and evolution of our planet and its life will continue to activate biological thinking and research for many years to come. The more recent biology programs are including these topics in their syllabi. It is obvious that the critical link in the chain leading from the research laboratory to the student is the high school biology teacher. If there is now a gap between experimental science and the high school laboratory, the bridge between the two cannot be built merely by readings, seminars or lectures, no matter how well presented or conscientiously attended. Biological science is learned to a large extent by doing, and the information gap must be closed by personal contact between the teacher and the experimental scientist. In order to develop a personal contact program, the Catholic Science Council of the Archdiocese of New York inaugurated a Teacher's Workshop in Biology Program during the academic year 1966/67. The procedure followed may be of interest to school districts contemplating such a program. The Science Council arranged a series of eight sessions with one meeting each month from October through May. Meetings were held in a biological science laboratory room of Cardinal Hayes High School which was centrally located within the archdiocese. The third Thursday evening of each month was selected, although a Saturday meeting might be more convenient for districts embracing a large area. In order to facilitate direct personal contacts between instructors and the teacher participants, the group was held to twenty-six. Selection of teacher-participants was an administrative function of the Science Council and the individual schools; where departments are large, a single participant was selected from each school. Selection of instructors was, in the New York area, an easy task. The topics were chosen first and appropriate scientists were invited to serve as instructors for particular topics. Universities, research institutes, federal, state and local agencies and health science professionals form a pool of talent which can be tapped with surprising ease. The topics and instructors for 1966/67 included: Effects of Visible Radiation on Growth of Plants (Richard M. Klein, New York Botanical Garden) Virology (Karl Maramorosch, Boyce Thompson Institute) Induction of Mutation by Ultraviolet Radiation (Deana T. Klein, Hunter College, CUNY) Exobiology (Sanford Siegel, Union Carbide Research Institute) Microbiology (John J. McLaughlin, Fordham University) Animal Tissue Cultures (Philip Marcus, Einstein College of Medicine) Plant Tissue Cultures (Jacques Lipetz, Manhattan College) Taxonomy and Classification of Plants (Howard Irwin, New York Botanical Garden)

Neural fold derivatives in the amphibia: Pigment cells, spinal ganglia and Rohon‐Beard cells

Journal of Experimental ZoologyVolume 78, Issue 4 p. 485-503 Article Neural fold derivatives in the amphibia: Pigment cells, spinal ganglia and Rohon-Beard cells Graham Phillips Dushane, Graham Phillips Dushane School of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, and Hull Zoological Laboratory, The University of ChicagoSearch for more papers by this author Graham Phillips Dushane, Graham Phillips Dushane School of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, and Hull Zoological Laboratory, The University of ChicagoSearch for more papers by this author First published: July 1938 https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.1400780407Citations: 62 The experimental work reported in this paper was done at Stanford University in 1935 and the spring of 1936 while the writer was a Fellow of the National Research Council. The last 2 weeks of the Fellowship were spent at the Morris Biological Farm of The Wistar Institute. I am indebted to Dr. G. E. Coghill and to Dr. Cranford Hutchinson for making available to me their valuable slide collections. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume78, Issue4July 1938Pages 485-503 RelatedInformation