Biological Offspring Research Articles

Clinical outcomes of round spermatid injection vs intracytoplasmic sperm injection: The role of hormonal pretreatment for nonobstructive azoospermia.

Round spermatid injection (ROSI) into oocytes offers men with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) the opportunity to have biological offspring in cases where mature spermatozoa are not detected. However, the clinical outcomes of ROSI remain poor. This study compared the outcomes of ROSI with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and investigated the effect of hormonal pretreatment. This retrospective cohort study enrolled infertile couples undergoing either ROSI or ICSI at the reproductive center in Taipei Veterans General Hospital. The administration of selective estrogen receptor modulators, gonadotropins, and aromatase inhibitors in male patients were recorded. Relevant hormonal markers and biochemical parameters were determined. The outcomes of ROSI and ICSI were assessed based on fertilization rate, implantation rate, and live birth rate. A total of 36 couples were recruited in the ROSI group, whereas 39 couples were recruited in the ICSI group for the analysis. Patients in each group demonstrated similar characteristics, except for a higher proportion of male patients in the ROSI group who were pretreated with anastrozole. The fertilization rate and implantation rate were similar between ROSI and ICSI groups after adjusting for confounding variables. The live birth rate was significantly lower in the ROSI group (8.3%) than in the ICSI group (30.8%) before and after adjusting for confounding variables. ROSI demonstrated fertilization and implantation rates comparable to those of ICSI for male patient with NOA undergoing testicular sperm extraction surgery. Anastrozole may improve the outcomes of ROSI into oocytes. Further studies evaluating the effect of anastrozole administration on ROSI outcomes are warranted.

The development and testing of a single-arm feasibility and acceptability study of a whole foods diet intervention for adults with prediabetes and their offspring

BackgroundDiet is considered a first-line treatment option for prediabetes, a condition that affects 96 million United States (U.S.) adults. Diet patterns that prioritize whole foods (e.g., Mediterranean) are currently recommended to treat prediabetes. However, no studies have tested whether a U.S.-style diet pattern that prioritizes whole foods can be used to treat prediabetes. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a whole foods diet for adults with prediabetes and their offspring prior to conducting a larger clinical trial.MethodsA 2-week single-arm pre-post experimental controlled-feeding intervention of a 2020–2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans adapted whole foods diet (e.g., primarily focused on foods that have undergone limited processing or refinement) was conducted in adults (25–59 years) with prediabetes and their biological offspring (6–17 years). Families received 2 weeks of menus and grocery delivery and weekly counseling by a registered dietitian. Families were invited to attend an optional focus group session. Feasibility was based on having a ≥ 50% family completion rate with ≥ 80% completion of study outcomes. Measures included adult–child anthropometrics (weight [kg], body mass index [BMI] including BMI% and Z-scores for offspring, waist circumference [cm]) and child diet quality estimated using the 2015 Healthy Eating Index (HEI) from a single random food record. Wilcoxon signed rank was used to compare differences between baseline and 2-week anthropometrics measures and offspring total HEI scores. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis to understand factors attributed to diet adherence and acceptability.ResultsEight families enrolled (n = 8 adults, n = 12 offspring), with 7 families completing the study (12% attrition) and completing 100% of study outcome measures. Adults experienced a median weight loss of − 1.0 kg from baseline to 2 weeks (79.5 kg to 78.5 kg). Offspring had a 24-point increase in total 2015 HEI scores (median difference 50 to 74). Focus group participants (n = 4 adults) reported being satisfied with the program and expressed a willingness to continue the diet despite identified barriers.ConclusionsA whole foods diet that provides dietary support was found to be feasible and acceptable for families at risk for T2D. Future studies are needed to test the effects of the diet on prediabetes outcomes, diet quality, and diet adherence in adults and families.Trial registrationNCT05483972 at ClinicalTrials.gov. Registered July 25, 2022. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05483972?cond=prediabetes&term=whole%20foods%20&rank=1

Diverse phenotypes and fertility outcomes of patients with androgen insensitivity syndrome in a Chinese family harboring identical AR gene variant

BackgroundAndrogen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by resistance to androgens, mainly due to mutations in the androgen receptor (AR) gene. It can manifest as complete AIS, partial AIS and mild AIS. While there have been studies linking specific AR gene mutations to AIS phenotypes, different clinical AIS phenotypes are also reported in patients with the same AR gene mutation. So far, the precise correlations between phenotypes and genotypes remain incompletely understood.MethodsWe conducted a thorough investigation involving four patients diagnosed with different types of AIS from a single Chinese family. Clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, and fertility outcomes were well-documented. Furthermore, we performed genetic sequencing to detect possible pathogenetic variants.ResultsWhole exome sequencing identified a hemizygous missense variant (c.2263T > C; p.Phe755Leu) of AR gene in all four affected patients with different degrees of undermasculinisation and heterogeneous spermatogenesis. The proband, diagnosed with partial AIS, opted for treatment with donated sperm due to non-obstructive azoospermia, while their older sibling, diagnosed with complete AIS, was raised as a girl. His two maternal uncles were both diagnosed with mild AIS, the older uncle fathered two girls naturally, whereas the younger uncle utilized assisted reproductive technology to conceive a boy because of severe oligoasthenozoospermia.ConclusionOur study first identified the same AR variant (c.2263T > C;p.Phe755Leu) in four affected patients displaying highly diverse phenotypes of AIS and fertility outcomes, thereby significantly expanding the phenotypic spectrum of AIS. Notably, we presented a clear insight into different fertility outcomes of AIS patients with identical AR (c.2263T > C;p.Phe755Leu) variant, which provided reliable evidence that males harboring this variant may obtain biological offspring naturally or in combination with assisted reproductive technology. Furthermore, our study underscored the potential role of androgen concentration in shaping the phenotypic diversity of AIS, warranting further investigation.

Clinical management of TP53 mosaic variants found on germline genetic testing

BackgroundGermline heterozygous TP53 pathogenic variants (PVs) cause Li Fraumeni Syndrome (LFS, OMIM#151623). TP53 PVs at lower-than-expected variant allele frequencies (VAF) may reflect postzygotic mosaicism (PZM) or clonal hematopoiesis (CH); however, no guidelines exist for workup and clinical management. Patients and methodsRetrospective analysis of probands who presented to an academic cancer genetics program with a TP53 PV result on germline genetic testing. ResultsTwenty-one of 125 unrelated probands (17 %) were found to harbor a TP53 PV with VAF<30 % or a designation of “mosaic”. A diagnosis of PZM was made in nine (43 %) due to a clinical phenotype consistent with LFS with (n = 8) or without (n = 1) positive ancillary tissue testing. Twelve patients (57 %) were diagnosed with presumed CH (pCH) due to a diagnosis of a myeloproliferative neoplasm, negative ancillary tissue testing, clinical phenotype not meeting LFS criteria, no cancer, and/or no first cancer age<50. Of the 19 patients with biological offspring, nine had either partial or complete offspring testing, all negative. ConclusionsDetermining the etiology of low VAF TP53 PVs requires ancillary tissue testing and incorporation of clinical phenotype. Discerning PZM versus CH is important to provide optimal care and follow-up.

Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Among Donor-Conceived Offspring in the U.S. National Longitudinal Lesbian Family Study from Adolescence to Adulthood

Abstract Introduction Concerns about parents with minoritized sexual identities often focus on the belief that their children will be confused about their gender and report a non-heterosexual orientation compared to children reared by heterosexual parents. Yet, few longitudinal studies exist. Methods Gender identity, gender expression, sexual orientation, and sexual experiences were examined in 75 U.S. donor-conceived offspring (39 assigned females at birth (AFAB) and 36 assigned males at birth (AMAB)) of lesbian parents, when the offspring had reached adulthood (ages 30–33). Additionally, 72 of these offspring (38 AFAB and 34 AMAB) had also completed surveys in adolescence (age 17, data collected 2004–2009) and emerging adulthood (age 25, data collected 2012–2017), which enabled us to examine the developmental pathways of their sexuality. Results All AMAB offspring and 94.7% of AFAB offspring who identified as cisgender during adolescence continued to do so during emerging adulthood and adulthood. Over time, sexual orientation was more fluid than gender identity, and AFAB offspring were more fluid than AMAB offspring. Specifically, considering those who reported the same (heterosexual/straight; lesbian, gay/homosexual; or bisexual+) sexual orientation from adolescence through emerging adulthood to adulthood, 63.9% were AFAB and 82.4% were AMAB. More than half of AFAB offspring and 80.6% of AMAB offspring identified as heterosexual in adulthood, and the vast majority had had sex with a non-transgender man (86.5%) and a non-transgender woman (93.6%), respectively, in the last 5 years. Conclusions This is the only study that has followed the biological offspring of lesbian parents from birth to adulthood, prospectively and longitudinally. The results indicate that offspring of lesbian parents are less likely to identify as transgender than the general public, but more likely to identify as LGB or queer. Policy Implications As gender and sexual identity development significantly impacts well-being, creating supportive environments for offspring of lesbian parents and increasing public awareness of the connections among developmental milestones, health, and thriving are vital.

Achieving an optimal pregnancy outcome through the combined utilization of micro-TESE and ICSI in cryptorchidism associated with a non-canonical splicing variant in RXFP2.

To identify the genetic cause of a cryptorchidism patient carrying a non-canonical splicing variant highlighted by SPCards platform in RXFP2 and to provide a comprehensive overview of RXFP2 variants with cryptorchidism correlation. We identified a homozygous non-canonical splicing variant by whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing in a case with cryptorchidism and non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA). As the pathogenicity of this non-canonical splicing variant remained unclear, we initially utilized the SPCards platform to predict its pathogenicity. Subsequently, we employed a minigene splicing assay to further evaluate the influence of the identified splicing variant. Microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) combined with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was performed. PubMed and Human Genome Variant Database (HGMD) were queried to search for RXFP2 variants. We identified a homozygous non-canonical splicing variant (NM_130806: c.1376-12A > G) in RXFP2, and confirmed this variant caused aberrant splicing of exons 15 and 16 of the RXFP2 gene: 11 bases were added in front of exon 16, leading to an abnormal transcript initiation and a frameshift. Fortunately, the patient successfully obtained his biological offspring through micro-TESE combined with ICSI. Four cryptorchidism-associated variants in RXFP2 from 90 patients with cryptorchidism were identified through a literature search in PubMed and HGMD, with different inheritance patterns. This is the first cryptorchidism case carrying a novel causative non-canonical splicing RXFP2 variant. The combined approach of micro-TESE and ICSI contributed to an optimal pregnancy outcome. Our literature review demonstrated that RXFP2 variants caused cryptorchidism in a recessive inheritance pattern, rather than a dominant pattern.

Forensic Applications of Markers Present on the X Chromosome

The X chromosome is one of the two sex chromosomes found in humans and other mammals. It plays a crucial role in determining an individual's sex and contains genetic information that can be useful in forensic and human identity testing. Unlike autosomal DNA, which is inherited from both parents, the X chromosome is inherited differently in males and females, making it useful in certain types of analyses. In forensic investigations, the X chromosome can be used to determine the sex of an individual, which can be useful in identifying potential suspects or victims. Additionally, X chromosome analysis can be used to link evidence samples to a particular individual or to exclude individuals as potential contributors of the evidence. This can be particularly useful in cases where the evidence sample is a mixture of DNA from multiple individuals. In human identity testing, the X chromosome can be used in situations where other types of DNA analysis are not possible or inconclusive. For example, in cases where a potential parent is unavailable for testing, analysis of the X chromosome can be used to determine if a child is likely to be their biological offspring. Similarly, in cases where traditional autosomal DNA analysis is inconclusive, X chromosome analysis can be used to provide additional information about the biological relationship between individuals. However, there are some limitations to the use of X chromosome analysis in forensic and human identity testing. One limitation is that it is not as informative as autosomal DNA analysis, as it contains less genetic information. Additionally, the inheritance patterns of the X chromosome can be complex, particularly in cases where there are multiple generations involved. Therefore, X chromosome analysis should be interpreted in conjunction with other types of DNA analysis and other forms of evidence to ensure accurate and reliable results. Overall, the use of X chromosome analysis in forensic and human identity testing can provide important information in certain situations, particularly where traditional DNA analysis is not possible or inconclusive. As such, it is an important tool in the fields of forensic science and human identification.

A step closer to parenthood with non-obstructive azoospermia: Unveiling the impact of microdissection testicular sperm extraction in Australia's largest single-centre study.

Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) diagnosis poses challenges for couples seeking parenthood. Microdissection testicular sperm extraction (MD-TESE) excels in retrieving testicular sperm cells for NOA cases. However, limited live birth data in Australian NOA patients hinders accurate counselling. This study aimed to determine the likelihood of infertile couples with a male partner diagnosed with NOA conceiving biological children using MD-TESE / intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). A retrospective cohort study included 108 NOA men treated at a public fertility unit and a private fertility centre (May 2009-May 2022). live birth rate (LBR); secondary outcomes: sperm retrieval rate, pregnancy rate, and neonatal outcomes. Among 108 patients undergoing MD-TESE, the positive sperm retrieval rate (PSRR) was 64.8% (70/108). Histology best predicted sperm retrieval success, with hypo-spermatogenesis yielding a 94.1% PSRR. Age, testicular volume, and hormonal parameters had no significant impact. Mean male age: 35.4 years; mean partner age: 32.7 years. Fertilisation rate: 50.7%. LBR per initiated cycle: 58.7% (37/63); per embryo transfer: 63.8% (37/58); per initially diagnosed NOA man: 34.3% (37/108). Cumulative LBR: 74.1% (43/58); twin rate: 10.8% (4/37). No neonatal deaths or defects were observed among 47 live offspring. This study provides valuable data for counselling NOA couples on the probability of conceiving biological offspring. MD-TESE and ICSI yielded favourable PSRR (64.8%) and LBR (63.8%). However, couples should be aware that once NOA is confirmed, the chance of taking home a baby is 34%.

Gestational surrogacy

Some women may not be able to carry their own children even when capable of conceiving biological offspring. In-vitro fertilization and embryo-transfer (IVF-ET) through surrogacy can now make this possible for these women. Surrogacy however, is still considered unacceptable in the Philippines due to moral and legal issues. This article will explore the need and acceptability of surrogacy in this age of IVF-ET in a country where the prevailing social norms and religious values still disapprove of third-party assisted reproductive technology (ART). Medical indications that would benefit from gestational surrogacy were enumerated and briefly discussed. The differentiation between traditional and gestation surrogacy, as well as commercial and altruistic surrogacy were defined. IVF with gestational surrogacy is a feasible solution to a number of medical difficulties in the carrying of a gestation. Strictly regulating the practice and restricting its use only to cases with legitimate medical indications will prevent its misuse and exploitation. Moral issues, admittedly will still remain an issue particularly for commercial surrogacy. However, limiting these only to altruistic and gestational surrogacy in some cases may be an acceptable compromise.

Molecular Basis of Müllerian Agenesis Causing Congenital Uterine Factor Infertility-A Systematic Review.

Infertility affects around 1 in 5 couples in the world. Congenital absence of the uterus results in absolute infertility in females. Müllerian agenesis is the nondevelopment of the uterus. Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is a condition of uterovaginal agenesis in the presence of normal ovaries and the 46 XX Karyotype. With advancements in reproductive techniques, women with MA having biological offspring is possible. The exact etiology of MA is unknown, although several genes and mechanisms affect the development of Müllerian ducts. Through this systematic review of the available literature, we searched for the genetic basis of MA. The aims included identification of the genes, chromosomal locations, changes responsible for MA, and fertility options, in order to offer proper management and counseling to these women with MA. A total of 85 studies were identified through searches. Most of the studies identified multiple genes at various locations, although the commonest involved chromosomes 1, 17, and 22. There is also conflicting evidence of the involvement of various candidate genes in the studies. The etiology of MA seems to be multifactorial and complex, involving multiple genes and mechanisms including various mutations and mosaicism.

Freezing Low Numbers of Sperm

Azoospermia, a condition defined by a complete lack of sperm in the ejaculate, presents a significant reproductive challenge for many infertile men worldwide. In recent years, Microsurgical Sperm Extraction (Micro-TESE) has emerged as an innovative surgical technique, allowing clinicians to retrieve viable sperm directly from the testicular tissues of patients diagnosed with this condition. A crucial aspect of optimizing the reproductive potential of the extracted sperm lies in the subsequent preservation techniques employed. This study delves deep into one such technique, sperm vitrification. As opposed to the traditional slow freezing methods, vitrification offers a rapid-cooling approach that effectively sidesteps the formation of potentially damaging ice crystals, thereby maintaining the structural and functional integrity of the sperm. The survival rates of sperm post-thawing, when subjected to vitrification, have been found to be commendably high, with figures often exceeding 60%. This is a promising statistic, particularly when dealing with minuscule sperm quantities as retrieved in Micro-TESE. However, the importance of sperm freezing transcends azoospermic scenarios. A broader and crucial indication for sperm freezing is fertility preservation, particularly poignant for cancer patients on the brink of undergoing treatments like chemotherapy or radiation, which could jeopardize their reproductive future. For these individuals, the opportunity to freeze their sperm offers a chance to father biological offspring post-recovery. By allowing multiple in vitro fertilization (IVF) attempts without necessitating recurrent surgical interventions, sperm cryopreservation, especially using vitrification, amplifies the chances of achieving biological parenthood. This is pivotal for both azoospermic individuals and cancer patients, safeguarding their dreams of family amidst medical adversities. In conclusion, the efficacy of vitrification, especially in the context of limited sperm counts, has the potential to reshape the landscape of male infertility treatments, offering a glimmer of hope for numerous affected individuals and their partners.

Associations of famine exposure in early life with height in two consecutive generations in China

Abstract Background Poor nutrition early in life is associated with short stature, which is known to be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality in later life. Less evidence is available about whether early life nutrition affects height growth in the subsequent generation. Objective We aimed to investigate associations of famine exposure in utero and early-childhood with height across two generations. Methods We used the China Health and Nutrition Survey data and included 5,401 participants (F1) born in 1955-66 (the calendar year around the Chinese Great Famine in1959-61) and their 3,930 biological offspring (F2). We classified F1 participants into subgroups by famine exposure status (unexposed/exposed) and timing (fetal-/childhood-exposed) according to their birth year, and grouped F2 by their parents’ exposure. Linear regression models were conducted to evaluate the associations of famine exposure with adult height of F1 and F2. Linear mixed effect models with fractional polynomial functions were performed to estimate the difference in height between exposure groups of F2 during childhood. Results Participants (F1) exposed to famine in utero or childhood were shorter than those unexposed by 0.41 cm (95% CI: 0.03, 0.80) and 1.12 cm (0.75, 1.48), respectively. Offspring (F2) of exposed fathers were also shorter than those of unexposed parents by 1.07 cm (0.28, 1.86) during childhood (&amp;lt;18 years) and by 1.25 cm (0.07, 2.43) in adulthood (≥18 years), and those with exposed parents had a reduced height during childhood by 1.29 cm (0.68, 1.89). The associations were more pronounced among child offspring of highly-educated F1, particularly for paternal exposure and among female offspring (all p for interaction &amp;lt; 0.05). Conclusions The findings support the intergenerational effect of famine exposure in early life on height in Chinese populations, and indicate public health significance to improve nutritional status of mothers and children in the long run. Key messages • Exposure to famine in uteri or early-childhood were associated with a shorter height during adulthood and in their offspring. • The adverse impact of famine exposure was more pronounced among child offspring of highly-educated F1, particularly for paternal exposure and among female offspring.

Adoption, Fostering, and Parental Absence in Vanuatu.

Alloparenting, wherein people provide care to children who are not their biological offspring, is a key aspect of human child-rearing. In the Pacific, many children are adopted or fostered by custodial alloparents even when both biological parents are still alive. From a behavioral ecology perspective, such behaviors are puzzling: why parent someone else's child at your expense? Furthermore, little is known about how these arrangements are made in Pacific Islander societies today, who provides care, and what kinds of outcomes fostered children experience. A better understanding of these proximate factors may help reveal the ultimate drivers behind custodial alloparenting. Here, we report findings from a survey carried out with the caregivers of 282 children in rural areas of Vanuatu, an island nation in Melanesia. Most fostered and adopted children lived with relatives such as aunts, uncles, and grandparents (87.5%) rather than unrelated caregivers, with a strong preference for maternal kin. The most common reasons for these arrangements were that the parents had separated (16.7%), were engaging in labor migration (27.1%), or a combination of both (27.1%). Results for investment in children's education and their educational outcomes were mixed, although children removed from crisis situations did more poorly than children removed for aspirational reasons. Our findings suggest that custodial alloparenting helps families adapt to socioeconomic transitions and changing marriage practices. Outcomes may depend on a range of factors, such as the reason children were transferred out of the natal home to begin with.

Follicle-stimulating hormone and Inhibin B as predictors of successful sperm retrieval in men undergoing testicular sperm extraction: A review of 44 cases and meta-analysis.

The aim of the study and meta-analysis was to evaluate the predictive value of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and inhibin B in sperm retrieval in men with non-obstructive azoospermia NOA. A total of 44 patients with a mean age of 36.1 years (SD=+/- 6.17) was included. We had 19 patients with successful sperm retrieval and 25 with failure. All patients had a normal karyotype. There was no difference between groups regarding patients mean age, prolactin or FSH. Patients with successful sperm retrieval had a significantly higher inhibin B level (134.62(+/-64,35) vs. 72.36(+/-67.78), p=0.006) and, paradoxically a higher body weight (92.38(+/-11.38) vs. 83.76(+/-11.90), p=0.027). The forest plots showed that a higher FSH level was significantly correlated with a negative success rate. Ahigher Inhibin B level was associated with a higher successful sperm retrieval (p=0.00001 respectively, p=0.0002). Surgical sperm retrieval could be, in some cases, the only chance to have a biological offspring.

"Lights and Shades" of Fertility Preservation in Transgender Men Patients: A Clinical and Pathological Review.

Fertility preservation (FP) is becoming a critical issue in transgender men who desire biological offspring in the future. The prevalence of transgender individuals in the United States is increasing, and as a result, the demand for gender-affirming surgeries (GAS) and associated FP techniques is rising. Despite the growing demand, there is currently no personalized approach to FP for transgender men, and the available techniques have limitations that require further investigation. In the present review we carefully examine the existing literature on this topic to highlight the shortcomings of current methods and areas where additional research is needed to advance the field. Hormonal therapy (HT), which is an integral part of gender transition in transgender men, can have a significant impact on fertility and may increase the risk of various diseases. Moreover, GAS usually leads to permanent sterility in these patients. Therefore, it is essential to provide patients with accurate information about the benefits and potential risks of different FP techniques, taking into account the patient's reproductive goals. This review underscores the complex and multifaceted nature of FP in transgender men and emphasizes the need for further research to develop more effective and personalized approaches to FP for this population.

Intergenerational concordance of brain structure between depressed mothers and their never-depressed daughters

IntroductionParents have significant genetic and environmental influences, which are known as intergenerational effects, on the cognition, behavior, and brain of their offspring. These intergenerational effects are observed in patients with mood disorders, with a particularly strong association of depression between mothers and daughters.ObjectivesThe main purpose of our study was to investigate female-specific intergenerational transmission patterns in the human brain among patients with depression and their never-depressed offspring.MethodsWe recruited 78 participants from 34 families, which included remitted parents with a history of depression and their never-depressed biological offspring. We used source-based and surface-based morphometry analyses of magnetic resonance imaging data to examine the degree of associations in brain structure between four types of parent-offspring dyads (i.e. mother-daughter, mother-son, father-daughter, and father-son).ResultsUsing independent component analysis, we found a significant positive correlation of gray matter structure between exclusively the mother-daughter dyads within brain regions located in the default mode and central executive networks, such as the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, middle frontal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, superior parietal lobule, and left angular gyrus. These similar observations were not identified in other three parent-offspring dyads.ConclusionsThe current study provides biological evidence for greater vulnerability of daughters, but not sons, in developing depression whose mothers have a history of depression. Our findings extend our knowledge on the pathophysiology of major psychiatric conditions that show sex biases and may contribute to the development of novel interventions targeting high-risk individuals.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Klasifikasi Infertilitas (Ketidaksuburan) pada Wanita menggunakan Algoritma Naïve Bayes

The presence of a baby is a dream for every married couple, especially for those who have long married However, not all married couples can get biological offspring easily, it is caused by the presence of infertility (infertility). Infertility is problems with the reproductive system characterized by failure to get pregnant after 12 months or more of being married and having sex at least 2-3 times a week regularly regularly without using contraception. Based on the WHO report, globally it is estimated that There are cases of infertility in 8-10% of couples, which is about 50 million to 80 million couples. The aim of this research is to use the Nave Bayes algorithm for the classification of infertility in children women can help public knowledge, especially married couples to detect early infertility that makes it difficult to get offspring, considering infertility in women is a case that is no less important than other health problems. The evaluation and validation process uses rapidminer for the classification of infertility in children women with the algorithm used, namely nave Bayes, has very high accuracy high with an accuracy value of 91.67%. Based on the results of the classification of infertility in women with the nave Bayes algorithm can help the community to detect early perform a medical examination.

Community-Based Radio towards Effective Girl-Child Education in Kumbungu District

Girl-child is a biological female offspring from birth to eighteen (18) years of (Offorma, 2009). Girls’ education is also about ensuring that girls learn and feel safe while in school; complete all levels of education with the skills to effectively compete in the labor market; learn the socio-emotional and life skills necessary to navigate and adapt to a changing world; make decisions about their own lives and contribute to their communities and the world (Tembon &amp; Fort, 2008). Community radio is a radio of the people by the people and for the people which need to broadcast developmental programs. Community radio should be able to broadcast educational related programs like youth speak up, especially with respect to Girl-child education. This will help change the perception of the local people about educating the girl-child. It is within this perspective that, community radio can be used as a tool towards enhancing Girl-child education towards an ameliorated national development within Kumbungu District using the Mixed Method Approach (Quantitative and Qualitative methods), and informants’ interviews and; Semi-structured questionnaires for household interviews to assess how community-based radio can be used to bring about effective Girl-Child education. The study also used both secondary and primary data with the help of self-administered questionnaire. 150 respondents were interviewed within 5 communities in the study area using both simple random and purposive sampling. It was realized that, there was least participation of members in programing within the study area. It was also found that factors such as age, marital status, and community radio influence, perception of Girl-Child education and program influenced were independent variables that influenced effective radio programs listening towards Girl-Child education.

A Blueprint for Genetic Determinism

A Blueprint for Genetic Determinism

Intergenerational concordance of brain structure between depressed mothers and their never-depressed daughters.

Parents have significant genetic and environmental influences, which are known as intergenerational effects, on the cognition, behavior, and brain of their offspring. These intergenerational effects are observed in patients with mood disorders, with a particularly strong association of depression between mothers and daughters. The main purpose of our study was to investigate female-specific intergenerational transmission patterns in the human brain among patients with depression and their never-depressed offspring. We recruited 78 participants from 34 families, which included remitted parents with a history of depression and their never-depressed biological offspring. We used source-based and surface-based morphometry analyses of magnetic resonance imaging data to examine the degree of associations in brain structure between four types of parent-offspring dyads (i.e. mother-daughter, mother-son, father-daughter, and father-son). Using independent component analysis, we found a significant positive correlation of gray matter structure between exclusively the mother-daughter dyads within brain regions located in the default mode and central executive networks, such as the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, middle frontal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, superior parietal lobule, and left angular gyrus. These similar observations were not identified in other three parent-offspring dyads. The current study provides biological evidence for greater vulnerability of daughters, but not sons, in developing depression whose mothers have a history of depression. Our findings extend our knowledge on the pathophysiology of major psychiatric conditions that show sex biases and may contribute to the development of novel interventions targeting high-risk individuals.