Biological Effects Of Magnetic Fields Research Articles

Effect of Magnetic Field and UV-C Radiation on Postharvest Fruit Properties

This review focuses on the recent information on the effect of different types of magnetic fields (MFs) and ultraviolet radiation (UV-C) on the processes that may finally affect fruit quality and its storage potential. Firstly, the biological effect of MFs on every plant’s growth and development level is described. The magnetic field interacts with a plant’s metabolism and changes the permeability of membranes affecting cells’ homeostasis. It also could affect early seedling development, stimulating enzyme activity and protein synthesis, and later on nutrient and water uptake of adult plants. In some cases, it makes plants more resilient, increasing their tolerance to environmental stresses. Also, MF treatment could lower the disease index of plants, thus improving the internal and external fruit quality indices. The second part of this review focuses on interesting perspectives of using UV-C radiation to reduce postharvest fruit diseases, but also to delay fruit ripening and senescence. The application of UV-C light to combat postharvest infections is associated with two mechanisms of action, such as direct elimination of microorganisms located on the fruit surface and indirect triggering of the plant’s defense reaction. Moreover, the use of hormetic doses of UV-C can additionally increase the nutritional properties of fresh fruit, lead to the accumulation of desired phytochemicals such as polyphenols, for example, to increase anthocyanin or resveratrol content, or elevate antioxidant activity.

Enhancing the efficacy of synthesising PHA from nitrogen-limited activated sludge using magnetic field

ABSTRACT Polyhydroxyalkanes (PHA) is a biodegradable biopolyester. In this study, we introduced the biological effects of magnetic field into a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for PHA production to evaluate the effect of different strength of magnetic field on the efficacy of PHA synthesis by activated sludge and used the magnetic field to enhance the PHA synthesis capacity of nitrogen-limited activated sludge and to optimise the percentage of the content of the two monomers in PHA. The results showed that the magnetic field of appropriate strength was favourable to increase the production of PHA and to increase the percentage of PHV. In addition, microbial community analysis showed that there was an obvious succession of key functional bacteria under different strength of magnetic field. The highest PHA accumulation was achieved after the magnetic field of 16 mT, which reached 57.65% of the dry weight of sludge. In addition, the PHV monomers were more sensitive to the response of the magnetic field, and the magnetic field of 8mT and 16mT positively promoted the synthesis of PHV. It is worth noting that too high a magnetic field would have an inhibitory effect on the synthesis of PHA.

Biological effects of magnetic fields emitted by graphene devices, on induced oxidative stress in human cultured cells.

Many recent studies have explored the healing properties of the extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) to utilize electromagnetism for medical purposes. The non-invasiveness of electromagnetic induction makes it valuable for supportive therapy in various degenerative pathologies with increased oxidative stress. To date, no harmful effects have been reported or documented. We designed a small, wearable device which does not require a power source. The device consists of a substrate made of polyethylene terephthalate and an amalgam containing primarily graphene nanocrystals, also known as quantum dots. This device can transmit electromagnetic signals, which could induce biological effects. This study aims to verify the preliminary effects of the electromagnetic emission of the device on leukemic cells in culture. For this purpose, we studied the best-known effects of magnetic fields on biological models, such as cell viability, and the modulations on the main protagonists of cellular oxidative stress.

Biological Effects of Magnetic Storms and ELF Magnetic Fields.

Magnetic fields are a constant and essential part of our environment. The main components of ambient magnetic fields are the constant part of the geomagnetic field, its fluctuations caused by magnetic storms, and man-made magnetic fields. These fields refer to extremely-low-frequency (<1 kHz) magnetic fields (ELF-MFs). Since the 1980s, a huge amount of data has been accumulated on the biological effects of magnetic fields, in particular ELF-MFs. However, a unified picture of the patterns of action of magnetic fields has not been formed. Even though a unified mechanism has not yet been generally accepted, several theories have been proposed. In this review, we attempted to take a new approach to analyzing the quantitative data on the effects of ELF-MFs to identify new potential areas for research. This review provides general descriptions of the main effects of magnetic storms and anthropogenic fields on living organisms (molecular-cellular level and whole organism) and a brief description of the main mechanisms of magnetic field effects on living organisms. This review may be of interest to specialists in the fields of biology, physics, medicine, and other interdisciplinary areas.

Effects of ultra-strong static magnetic field on the gut microbiota of humans and mice.

To explore the effect of ultra-strong static magnetic field on gut microbiota, 16 T static magnetic field was used to study the changes in the structure and composition of human and mouse gut microbiota in this environment. In the mouse gut microbiota, at the genus level, the magnetic field significantly decreased the relative abundances of Escherichia-Shigella, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia, Parasutterella, and Ralstonia and significantly increased those of Parabacteroides, Alloprevotella, Alistipes, Odoribacter, Bacteroides, Mucispirillum, Sutterella, and Prevotellaceae_UCG-001. Similarly, at the genus level, the relative abundances of Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Romboutsia, and Streptococcus significantly decreased in the human gut microbiota. Contrary to the changing trend of the abundance in the mouse gut, the abundances of Bacteroides and Parabacteroides in the human gut were significantly reduced under magnetic field. The BugBase phenotypic prediction analysis showed that the relative abundances of five phenotypes, including anaerobism, mobile elements, potential pathogenicity, stress-tolerant, and biofilm formation, changed significantly in the mouse gut microbiota, while the relative abundances of two phenotypes, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative phenotypes, changed significantly in the human gut microbiota. The 16 T magnetic field could differently affect the composition, structure, and phenotypes of gut microbiota in human and mice, suggesting the importance of model selection in studying the biological effects of magnetic field.

Sensitivity of endogenous autofluorescence in HeLa cells to the application of external magnetic fields

Dramatically increased levels of electromagnetic radiation in the environment have raised concerns over the potential health hazards of electromagnetic fields. Various biological effects of magnetic fields have been proposed. Despite decades of intensive research, the molecular mechanisms procuring cellular responses remain largely unknown. The current literature is conflicting with regards to evidence that magnetic fields affect functionality directly at the cellular level. Therefore, a search for potential direct cellular effects of magnetic fields represents a cornerstone that may propose an explanation for potential health hazards associated with magnetic fields. It has been proposed that autofluorescence of HeLa cells is magnetic field sensitive, relying on single-cell imaging kinetic measurements. Here, we investigate the magnetic field sensitivity of an endogenous autofluorescence in HeLa cells. Under the experimental conditions used, magnetic field sensitivity of an endogenous autofluorescence was not observed in HeLa cells. We present a number of arguments indicating why this is the case in the analysis of magnetic field effects based on the imaging of cellular autofluorescence decay. Our work indicates that new methods are required to elucidate the effects of magnetic fields at the cellular level.

Magnetic Fields Reduce Apoptosis by Suppressing Phase Separation of Tau-441.

The biological effects of magnetic fields (MFs) have been a controversial issue. Fortunately, in recent years, there has been increasing evidence that MFs do affect biological systems. However, the physical mechanism remains unclear. Here, we show that MFs (16 T) reduce apoptosis in cell lines by inhibiting liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of Tau-441, suggesting that the MF effect on LLPS may be one of the mechanisms for understanding the "mysterious" magnetobiological effects. The LLPS of Tau-441 occurred in the cytoplasm after induction with arsenite. The phase-separated droplets of Tau-441 recruited hexokinase (HK), resulting in a decrease in the amount of free HK in the cytoplasm. In cells, HK and Bax compete to bind to the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC I) on the mitochondrial membrane. A decrease in the number of free HK molecules increased the chance of Bax binding to VDAC I, leading to increased Bax-mediated apoptosis. In the presence of a static MF, LLPS was marked inhibited and HK recruitment was reduced, resulting in an increased probability of HK binding to VDAC I and a decreased probability of Bax binding to VDAC I, thus reducing Bax-mediated apoptosis. Our findings revealed a new physical mechanism for understanding magnetobiological effects from the perspective of LLPS. In addition, these results show the potential applications of physical environments, such as MFs in this study, in the treatment of LLPS-related diseases.

Ultra-high static magnetic field induces a change in the spectrum but not frequency of DNA spontaneous mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Biological effects of magnetic fields have been extensively studied in plants, microorganisms and animals, and applications of magnetic fields in regulation of plant growth and phytoprotection is a promising field in sustainable agriculture. However, the effect of magnetic fields especially ultra-high static magnetic field (UHSMF) on genomic stability is largely unclear. Here, we investigated the mutagenicity of 24.5, 30.5 and 33.0 T UHSMFs with the gradient of 150, 95 and 0 T/m, respectively, via whole genome sequencing. Our results showed that 1h exposure of Arabidopsis dried seeds to UHSMFs has no significant effect on the average rate of DNA mutations including single nucleotide variations and InDels (insertions and deletions) in comparison with the control, but 33.0 T and 24.5 T treatments lead to a significant change in the rate of nucleotide transitions and InDels longer than 3 bp, respectively, suggesting that both strength and gradient of UHSMF impact molecular spectrum of DNA mutations. We also found that the decreased transition rate in UHSMF groups is correlated with the upstream flanking sequences of G and C mutation sites. Furthermore, the germination rate of seeds exposed to 24.5 T SMF with -150 T/m gradient showed a significant decrease at 24 hours after sowing. Overall, our data lay a basis for precisely assessing the potential risk of UHSMF on DNA stability, and for elucidating molecular mechanism underlying gradient SMF-regulated biological processes in the future.

Prediction of Liquid Magnetization Series Data in Agriculture Based on Enhanced CGAN.

The magnetized water and fertilizer liquid can produce biological effect of magnetic field on crops, but its residual magnetic field strength is difficult to be expressed quantitatively in real time, and accurate prediction of it is helpful to define the scope of action of liquid magnetization. In this paper, a prediction model for liquid magnetization series data is presented. It consists of conditional generative adversarial network (CGAN) and projected gradient descent (PGD) algorithm. First, the real training dataset is used as the input of PGD attack algorithm to generate antagonistic samples. These samples are added to the training of CGAN as true samples for data enhancement. Second, the training dataset is used as both the generator and discriminator input of CGAN to constrain the model, capture distribution of the real data. Third, a network model with three layers of CNN is built and trained inside CGAN. The input model is constructed by using the structure of two-dimensional convolution model to predict data. Lastly, the performance of the model is evaluated by the error between the final generated predicted value and the real value, and the model is compared with other prediction models. The experimental results show that, with limited data samples, by combining PGD attack with CGAN, the distribution of the real data can be more accurately captured and the data can be generated to meet the actual needs.

Increases of bioethanol productivity by S. cerevisiae in unconventional bioreactor under ELF-magnetic field: New advances in the biophysical mechanism elucidation on yeasts

The aim of this work was to evaluate the bioethanol productivity in an unconventional bioreactor assisted by extremely low frequency (ELF) - electromagnetic field and elucidate the biophysical mechanism of action by which ELF magnetic fields improve the bioethanol production by S. cerevisiae. Fermentations were carried out under axial field lines at 10 mT magnetic flux density (B), using three different recycling arrangements (spiral-shape tube, u-shape tube and whole bioreactor) in a closed loop. Fermentation kinetics were monitored by cell growth, substrate consumption, ethanol and by-product formation. In addition, electrophysiological measurements of the H+ ion fluxes were carried out in yeast cells sampled at different fermentation stages. ELF magnetic fields increased the glucose uptake, bioethanol production and H+ efflux, shortening in 2 h the fermentation time. The greatest effects of the ELF magnetic fields were obtained in the whole bioreactor arrangement, reaching an average increase of 33% in the bioethanol production. The results are consistent with a stimulatory effect of ELF magnetic fields on the plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity, as indicated by the specific increase of the vanadate-sensitive component of the yeast cells H+ efflux, providing a new biophysical mechanism of action for the biological effect of magnetic fields.

Effects of magnetic fields on immune system, tissue repair and fibrosis

Tissue repair and regeneration are vital biological processes that involve three intertwined stages of inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. The immune system plays an important role in each stage to regulate the processes of tissue repair, mainly by a complex network consisting of immune cells and the secreted cytokines. In recent years, with the popularity of electronic devices and magnetic materials, the biological effects of magnetic fields (MFs) have received widespread attention, and research on the effects of MFs on biological tissue repair and fibrosis has made a series of advantages. Using different types of MFs of varying strengths, researchers have found that MFs modulate the body’s immune system in various disease models. MFs affect the process of tissue repair and scarring by changing the number, function and phenotype of immune cells. Macrophages have two distinct functions in the processes of wound healing and these functions are closely related to their phenotypic changes in different physiological states. Inflammatory macrophages (M1 type) disrupt the normal metabolism of cells, induce apoptosis, or exacerbate ischemia and hypoxia. Anti-inflammatory macrophages (M2 type) bridge the processes of tissue repair by activating and supporting the function of stem cells/progenitor cells, and remodeling extracellular matrix components to provide scaffold for tissue regeneration and angiogenesis. MFs thus change the phenotype and function of macrophages through various mechanisms, thereby regulate the repair processes of damage. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a group of multifunctional cells that have the ability to differentiate into bone cells, adipocytes, and chondrocytes. They are recruited to the site of injury and can interact directly with other immune cells, thus inhibit inflammation and promote tissue repair. Some studies suggest that MFs could not only improve the differentiation potential of MSCs, but also promote MSCs accumulation in the target tissue. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a group of cells with immunosuppressive functions. The phenotype and number of MDSCs can be changed by MFs, therefore MFs may exert the function of regulating tissue repair via changing the state of MDSCs, thus, participating in pathological processes such as immune regulation and inflammatory response of tumorigenesis. Researchers also reported that MFs influence tissue repair though neutrophils and keratinocyte, and enhance the therapy efficacy of antibiotics. Fibrotic scar is a structure formed by excessive extracellular matrix deposition during tissue repairing process, and differs from normal tissue morphology. As the function of macrophages, MSCs and fibroblasts can be affected by MFs, MFs have the ability to regulate fibrosis formation. This review article focuses on the effect of MFs on tissue repairing and regeneration. Further exploration of the role of MFs in tissue repairing and fibrosis formation will lead to new ideas for using MFs in disease treating.

Magnetic fields and angiogenesis

This review belongs to a special issue on magnetic surgery (using magnetic field in surgery), which has developed rapidly in the last few years and showed a great potential to be applied in numerous areas. While magnetic surgery has multiple advantages in surgical processes, including but not limited to shorten surgical procedure and duration, reduce inflammation and bleeding, it also adds another exposure source of relatively strong magnetic field to the human bodies. Consequently, concerns were raised regarding the potential adverse effects of these magnets on our bodies. Moreover, people have increased opportunities to be exposed to various magnetic fields generated by magnetic resonance imaging in hospitals, household magnets, cell phones and power lines, therefore, it is essential to investigate the effects of magnetic fields on human bodies. This review focuses on the effects of magnetic fields on the growth of blood vessels, a process known as angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes including organ growth and repair, and therefore plays important roles not only in surgical related processes, such as postoperative recovery, but also in other processes such as development and tumor growth. Angiogenesis is regulated by a balance between pro- and anti-angiogenic signals, which is frequently altered in various malignant, inflammatory, ischemic, infectious, and immune disorders. Many studies have investigated the influence of magnetic field on angiogenesis in the last few decades. Here in this review, we summarize, analyze and compare magnetic field parameters, such as strength, gradient and frequency, experimental procedures, biological samples examined and the detailed experimental results. Although there is still no consensus on the effects at cellular level, which is largely caused by a lack of systematic research on different magnetic field parameters, it is interesting that we found the angiogenesis of tumor tissues can be inhibited by both static and dynamic magnetic fields at animal level. In contrast, long-term or high-intensity static magnetic field treatment of non-tumor tissue seems to be able to promote angiogenesis at animal level. Since the experimental evidences are still inadequate, more systematic investigations are needed to further examine this correlation in the future. We also discuss the effect of magnetic field combined with chemotherapy and other treatment methods on angiogenesis and summarize the potential mechanisms of magnetic field on angiogenesis. It has been shown that static magnetic fields can affect multiple aspects of the cell, such as gene expression, cell proliferation, antioxidant defense system, as well as calcium levels. People speculate that magnetic field may regulate angiogenesis by affecting multiple signal transduction pathways including the calcium signaling pathway. Meanwhile there are also studies showing that other molecules could be involved in this process, including ROS (reactive oxygen species, ROS), ERK and membrane-bound receptors. Moreover, the mechanism of the differential effects of magnetic fields on angiogenesis in tumor tissue and non-tumor tissue are still not clear. Although physiological and pathological angiogenesis share many commonalities, there are also multiple different regulation pathways between angiogenesis of tumor vs. non-tumor tissues, such as the dependency of VEGF. In-depth investigations are warranted to better understand the effects and underlying mechanisms of varying magnetic fields with different parameters on angiogenesis in normal and pathological conditions. This review will not only help people to further understand the biological effects of magnetic fields, provide experimental basis for the safe application of magnetic surgery technology, but also lay a foundation for other potential medical applications of magnetic fields in the future.

Magnetic Susceptibility Difference-Induced Nucleus Positioning in Gradient Ultrahigh Magnetic Field

Despite the importance of magnetic properties of biological samples for biomagnetism and related fields, the exact magnetic susceptibilities of most biological samples in their physiological conditions are still unknown. Here we used superconducting quantum interferometer device to detect the magnetic properties of nonfixed, nondehydrated live cell and cellular fractions at a physiological temperature of 37°C (310 K). It is obvious that there are paramagnetic components within human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2Z cells. More importantly, the magnetic properties of the cytoplasm and nucleus are different. Although within a single cell, the magnetic susceptibility difference between cellular fractions (nucleus and cytoplasm) could only cause ∼41–130 pN forces to the nucleus by gradient ultrahigh magnetic fields of 13.1–23.5 T (92–160 T/m), these forces are enough to cause a relative position shift of the nucleus within the cell. This not only demonstrates the importance of magnetic susceptibility in the biological effects of magnetic field but also illustrates the potential application of high magnetic fields in biomedicine.

Rotating magnetic field delays human umbilical vein endothelial cell aging and prolongs the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans.

The biological effects of magnetic fields are a research hotspot in the field of biomedical engineering. In this study, we further investigated the effects of a rotating magnetic field (RMF; 0.2 T, 4 Hz) on the growth of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and Caenorhabditis elegans. The results showed that RMF exposure prolonged the lifespan of C. elegans and slowed the aging of HUVECs. RMF treatment of HUVECs showed that activation of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was associated with decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) due to increased intracellular Ca2+ concentrations induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress in anti-aging mechanisms. RMF also promoted the health status of C. elegans by improving activity, reducing age-related pigment accumulation, delaying Aβ-induced paralysis and increasing resistance to heat and oxidative stress. The prolonged lifespan of C. elegans was associated with decreased levels of daf-16 which related to the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway (IIS) activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS), whereas the heat shock transcription factor-1 (hsf-1) pathway was not involved. Moreover, the level of autophagy was increased after RMF treatment. These findings expand our understanding of the potential mechanisms by which RMF treatment prolongs lifespan.

LF-MF suppresses the colon cancer via regulating the function of MDSCs

The biological effect of magnetic field is a hot topic in biomedical engineering. The influence of magnetic fields on human health has caused the widespread concern, involving the study of magnetic field in central nervous system, blood and immune system, vascular and endocrine system, among which the most attractive application is usage of low frequency magnetic fields (LF-MF) in the tumor treatment. Our previous studies showed that LF-MF significantly inhibited the proliferation of liver cancer, lung cancer and melanoma cells, and regulated the immune cells to exert anti-tumor effect. We have found that LF-MF exposure was associated with activation of macrophages and dendritic cells, enhanced profiles of CD4+ T and CD8+ T lymphocytes, the balance of Th17/Treg in tumor-bearing mice. In cancer, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) demonstrating one of the key players engaged in tumor immunosuppression. This study will further explore the role of LF-MF in the growth of colon cancer and function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). In this study, mouse colon cancer xenografts models were established and the tumor-bearing mice were exposed to a LF-MF (0.4 T, 7.5 Hz) for 35 days. The tumor growth and tumor weight were measured. Immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67 in tumor tissue was performed. Flow cytometry analyzed the proportion of MDSCs in the bone marrow, spleen, tumor, and peripheral blood of mice. Magnetic beads separated MDSCs from tumor tissues and MDSCs suppression assays were performed. Q-PCR was performed to detect the mRNA expression of Arg-1 , iNOS-2 , Gp91 phox , P47phox , and S100A8/A9 in MDSCs from tumor tissues. The reactive oxygen species(ROS)level in MDSCs was analyzed by flow cytometry. Western blot was used to detect the protein level of Gp91phox, P47phox and GAPDH. Results showed that LF-MF inhibited the tumor growth in the CT26 colon cancer xenograft model, and decreased the number of Ki-67 positive cells in the tumor tissues. LF-MF reduced the proportion of MDSCs in tumor tissues and attenuated the inhibitory function of MDSCs. In vitro , LF-MF had no effect on cell viability and cell apoptosis of MDSCs. In addition, LF-MF reduced the production of reactive oxygen species in MDSCs by inhibiting the expression of Gp91phox and P47phox. With the reduced the production of reactive oxygen species, the inhibitory function of MDSCs was attenuated by LF-MF. Together, our present study demonstrated that LF-MF obviously suppressed the development of colon cancer via regulating the expansion and function of MDSCs. LF-MF suppressed the inhibitory function of MDSCs by reducing the production of reactive oxygen species with the decreased expression of Gp91phox and P47phox. Our studies reveal a novel mechanism behind the anti-tumor effect of LF-MFs on colon cancer and provide a potentially useful adjunct therapy for treatment of colon cancer.

The influence of conductive passive parts on the magnetic flux density produced by overhead power lines

There has been apprehension about the possible adverse health effects resulting from exposure to power frequency magnetic field, especially in the overhead power lines vicinity. Research work on the biological effects of magnetic field has been substantial in recent decades. Various international regulations and safety guidelines, aimed at the protection of human beings, have been issued. Numerous measurements are performed and different numerical algorithms for computation of the magnetic field, based on the Biot- Savart law, are developed. In this paper, a previously developed 3D quasistatic numerical algorithm for computation of the magnetic field (i.e. magnetic flux density) produced by overhead power lines has been improved in such a way that cylindrical segments of passive conductors are also taken into account. These segments of passive conductors form the conductive passive contours, which can be natural or equivalent, and they substitute conductive passive parts of the overhead power lines and towers. Although, their influence on the magnetic flux density distribution and on the total effective values of magnetic flux density is small, it is quantified in a numerical example, based on a theoretical background that was developed and presented in this paper.

The biological effects of magnetic fields on microvascular endothelial cells in the human brain

Objective To observe the biological effects of magnetic fields of different intensities on microvascular endothelial cells in the human brain (HBMECs). Methods HBMECs were cultured in vitro under normal conditions and randomly divided into a control group and several magnetic induction groups——26 mT, 62.5 mT, 110.7 mT and 215.6 mT at the center pole. Any changes to the cytomembranes were observed 72 h after planking using the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) method. Superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde methods were used to detect cellular oxidation due to the magnetic field. An inverted microscope was used to observe any changes in cell morphology, and flow cytometry was employed to detect cell apoptosis. Results Compared with the control group, the LDH value of the 215.6 mT group was significantly higher, but there were no significant differences in oxidative damage, apoptosis or morphology observed. Moreover, there were no significant differences between the controls and the 26 mT, 62.5 mT and 110.7 mT groups in any of the above measurements. Conclusion Magnetic fields of different intensity have different biological effects on HBMECs. A 215.6 mT magnetic field influences their cell membranes but causes no oxidative damage, cell apoptosis or morphological changes. These observations and the mechanism need further exploration. Key words: Magnetic induction; Human brain microvascular endothelial cells; Oxidative damage; Cell apoptosis; Cell morphology

Biological effect of magnetic field on the fermentation of wine

During the transformation process of matter is produced energy, which afterwards interacts with matter itself, and other forms of energy. Energy induced electromagnetic appliances may affect the processes occurring in biological systems. In our study we have evaluated the wine fermentation process of the magnetic field with different amplitudes of electromagnetic induction, the constant exposure of 30 minutes a day for 10 days. The device for inducing magnetism was constructed at the Department of Fruit Growing, Viticulture and Enology at Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra for research purposes. Essence of the device lies in the way of the management of direct current, which flows through the coil. Volume of direct current is regulated by network auto-transformer. Output of network autotransformer is rectified by two-way bridge rectifier. The coil is powered by a direct current voltage pulse. This device has a maximum value of the magnetic induction at 150 mT. At full power it must be supplied from three-phase socket with a rated current of 32 A. For our experiment, we chose wine grape variety of Hibernal, from Nitra wine region. The magnetic field induced by the electromagnetic device has an impact on the process of fermentation and sensory characteristics of a young wine. As part of the sensory profile, we noticed higher levels of residual sugar and speed up of the fermentation process and the process of purifying of the young wine. The influence of magnetic field on grape juice during the entire fermentation process and production of wine is a convenient way to improve the quality of wine without side effects or any chemical additives.

EFFECTS OF MAGNETIC FIELDS ON SOLITON MEDIATED CHARGE TRANSPORT IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS

In this paper, we analyze biological effects produced by magnetic fields in order to elucidate the physical mechanisms, which can produce them. We show that there is a chierarchy of such mechanisms and that the mutual interplay between them can result in the synergetic outcome. In particular, we analyze the biological effects of magnetic fields on soliton mediated charge transport in the redox processes in living organisms. Such solitons are described by nonlinear systems of equations and represent electrons that are self-trapped in alpha-helical polypeptides due to the moderately strong electron-lattice interaction. They represent a particular type of disssipativeless large polarons in low-dimensional systems. We show that the effective mass of solitons in the is different from the mass of free electrons, and that there is a resonant effect of the magnetic fields on the dynamics of solitons, and, hence, on charge transport that accompanies photosynthesis and respiration. These effects can result in non-thermal resonant effects of magnetic fields on redox processes in particular, and on the metabolism of the organism in general. This can explain physical mechanisms of therapies based on applying magnetic fields.

Adding Low-Field Magnetic Stimulation to Noninvasive Electromagnetic Neuromodulatory Therapies

Adding Low-Field Magnetic Stimulation to Noninvasive Electromagnetic Neuromodulatory Therapies