Biological Compatibility Research Articles

Hydrogels Based on Recombinant Spidroin Stimulate Proliferation and Migration of Human Corneal Cells.

The effect of recombinant spidroin (RS) hydrogel (HG) on anterior epithelial cells and keratocytes of the human cornea was studied in vitro. Corneal injuries are highly prevalent in developing countries according to the World Health Organization. Various technologies have recently been proposed to restore the damaged surface of the cornea. Use of biodegradable silk-based materials, including recombinant analogs of the spider silk protein spidroin, is an important avenue of research in the field of wound healing and corneal regeneration. Spidroins are well known for their optimal balance of strength and elasticity. Given their biological compatibility, lack of immunogenicity, and biodegradability, spidroins provide a biomaterial for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. HGs based on RS rS2/12-RGDS were therefore tested for cytotoxicity toward isolated corneal epithelial cells and keratocytes with regard to possible changes in cell phenotype and migratory activity. A promising outlook and therapeutic potential were demonstrated for RS-based HGs.

Advancing Oro-Dental and Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Interventions for QoL: Injectable Hydrogel and BioCeramic NanoDelivery Platforms

In the ever-evolving landscape of healthcare, where science, technology, and clinical practice converge, the realm of cranio-maxillo-facial and oro-dental interventions stands at the forefront of transformative possibilities. This communication embarks on an illuminating journey into the heart of this dynamic field, where innovation knows no bounds. Collaborative student engagement has been instrumental in not only exploring but also bridging the chasm between diverse scientific disciplines and the practical intricacies of clinical application. Recent strides in drug delivery mechanisms, characterized by the ingenious fusion of cells and nano-carriers, have laid the foundation for a revolution in regenerative medicine. These breakthroughs promise a future where treatments are not only precise but also meticulously controlled, enhancing patient quality of life through the amelioration of disease conditions and restoration of bodily functions. Injectable hydrogels, another trailblazing innovation, have emerged as a beacon of hope. They offer versatile solutions that promise to redefine surgical and clinical practices by affording healthcare professionals spatio-temporal control, tunability, and stimuli-responsiveness. These hydrogels unlock the potential for the targeted delivery of therapeutic agents, including cells, genes, proteins, and drugs, revolutionizing tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and aesthetic surgical interventions. BioCeramics, a burgeoning field, is redefining conventional wisdom in bone grafting and implant technology. These biomaterials are poised to usher in a new era of innovative approaches that enhance the mechanical and biological compatibility of implants, facilitating improved clinical outcomes and patient quality of life. Moreover, this communication serves as a herald of exciting news: the inauguration of a Doctoral (PhD) Program in Dental Sciences at the prestigious Universidad de los Andes in Santiago de Chile. This program beckons forward-thinkers, visionaries, and emerging scholars to partake in pioneering research at the Laboratorio de Biomateriales, Farmace uticos y Bioingenierí a de Tejidos Cra neo Ma xilo-Facial. As we embrace the future, limitless possibilities abound in this transformative health field, where advancing science and technology merge seamlessly to enhance the clinical and surgical armamentarium available for contemporary practices and users. This journey represents not only a dedication to scientific exploration yet an unwavering commitment to improving patient quality of life (QoL) and well-being thru the amalgamation of cutting-edge research, innovation, and compassionate care.

Size-matching compositing nanoprobe of AIE-type gold nanocluster supramolecular nanogels wrapped by hypergravity-tailored MnO2 nanosheets for cellular glutathione detection

Compositing has been the main approach for material creation via wisely combining material components with different properties. MnO2 nanosheets (MNSs) with thin 2 D morphology are usually applied to composite molecules or nanomaterials for biosensing and bioimaging applications. However, such composition is actually structurally unmatched, albeit performance matching. Here, a series of benefits merely on the basis of structural match have been unearthed via tailoring MNSs with four sizes by synthesis under controllable hypergravity field. The classical fluorophore-quencher couple was utilized as the subject model, where the soft supramolecular nanogels based on aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active gold nanoclusters were wrapped by MNSs of strong absorption. By comparative study of one-on-one wrapping and one-to-many encapsulation with geometrical selection of different MNSs, we found that the one-on-one wrapping model protected weakly-bonded nanogels from combination-induced distortion and strengthened nanogel networks via endowing exoskeleton. Besides, wrapping pattern and size-match significantly enhanced the quenching efficiency of MNSs towards the emissive nanogels. More importantly, the well-wrapped nanocomposites had considerable enhanced biological compatibility with much lower cytotoxicity and higher transfection capacity than the untailored MNSs composite and could serve as cellular glutathione detection.

Targeted delivery of organic small-molecule photothermal materials with engineered extracellular vesicles for imaging-guided tumor photothermal therapy

Imaging-guided photothermal therapy (PTT) for cancers recently gathered increasing focus thanks to its precise diagnosis and potent therapeutic effectiveness. Croconaine (CR) dyes demonstrate potential in expanding utility for near infrared (NIR) dyes in bio-imaging/theranostics. However, reports on CR dyes for PTT are scarce most likely due to the short of the efficacious delivery strategies to achieve specific accumulation in diseased tissues to induce PTT. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are multifunctional nanoparticle systems that function as safe platform for disease theragnostics, which provide potential benefits in extensive biomedical applications. Here, we developed a novel delivery system for photothermal molecules based on a CR dye that exerts photothermal activity through CDH17 nanobody-engineered EVs. The formed CR@E8-EVs showed strong NIR absorption, excellent photothermal performance, good biological compatibility and superb active tumor-targeting capability. The CR@E8-EVs can not only visualize and feature the tumors through CR intrinsic property as a photoacoustic imaging (PAI) agent, but also effectively retard the tumor growth under laser irradiation to perform PTT. It is expected that the engineered EVs will become a novel delivery vehicle of small organic photothermal agents (SOPTAs) in future clinical PTT applications.

Development of a highly tolerant bacterial consortium for asphaltene biodegradation in soils

Asphaltenes are the most polar and heavy fraction of petroleum, and their complex structure and toxicity make them resistant to biodegradation. The ability to tolerate high asphaltene concentrations is crucial to reducing the toxicity-related inhibition of microbial growth and improving their capacity for adaptation, survival, and biodegradation in soils highly contaminated with asphaltenes. This study developed a highly tolerant consortium for efficient asphaltene biodegradation in soils from 22 bacterial isolates obtained from heavy-crude oil-contaminated soils. Isolates corresponded to the Rhodococcus, Bacillus, Stutzerimonas, Cellulosimicrobium, Pseudomonas, and Paenibacillus genera, among others, and used pure asphaltenes and heavy crude oil as the only carbon sources. Surface plate assays were used to evaluate the tolerance of individual isolates to asphaltenes, and the results showed variations in the extension and inhibition rates with maximum tolerance levels at 60,000 mg asphaltenes l−1. Inhibition assays were used to select non-antagonistic bacterial isolates among those showing the highest tolerance levels to asphaltenes. A consortium made up of the five most tolerant and non-antagonistic bacterial isolates was able to degrade up to 83 wt.% out of 10,000 mg asphaltenes kg−1 in the soil after 52 days. Due to its biological compatibility, high asphaltene tolerance, and ability to utilise it as a source of energy, the degrading consortium developed in this work has shown a high potential for soil bioremediation and is a promising candidate for the treatment of aged soil areas contaminated with heavy and extra-heavy crude oil. This would be the first research to assess and consider extreme bacterial tolerance and microbial antagonism between individual degrading microbes, leading to the development of an improved consortium capable of efficiently degrading high amounts of asphaltenes in soil.

Gadolinium Spin Decoherence Mechanisms at High Magnetic Fields.

Favorable relaxation processes, high-field spectral properties, and biological compatibility have made spin-7/2 Gd3+-based spin labels an increasingly popular choice for protein structure studies using high-field electron paramagnetic resonance. However, high-field relaxation and decoherence in ensembles of half-integer high-spin systems, such as Gd3+, remain poorly understood. We report spin-lattice (T1) and phase memory (TM) relaxation times at 8.6 T (240 GHz), and we present the first comprehensive model of high-field, high-spin decoherence accounting for both the electron spin concentration and temperature. The model includes four principal mechanisms driving decoherence: energy-conserving electron spin flip-flops, direct "T1" spin-lattice relaxation-driven electron spin flip processes, indirect T1-driven flips of nearby electron spins, and nuclear spin flip-flops. Mechanistic insight into decoherence can inform the design of experiments making use of Gd3+ as spin probes or relaxivity agents and can be used to measure local average interspin distances as long as 17 nm.

One-pot two-step production of nano-CaCO3 with tunable Janus balance decorated by self-crosslinked admicelle of conjugated linoleate

BackgroundIn mass production of Janus nanoparticles, tunable Janus balance, nanoscale decoration, environmental and biological compatibility, and response to environmental stimuli are challenges. MethodsBy manipulating the self-assembly and self-crosslinking of sodium conjugated linoleate (SCL), we established a facile one-pot synthesis with two-step addition of SCL under wax protection on partial surface of the microspheres to synthesize CaCO3 Janus nanoparticles with above features simultaneously. Significant findingsThe self-crosslinked admicelle (SCA) of SCL decorated on the nano-CaCO3 surface to produce SCA-CaCO3 Janus nanoparticles, and their Janus balance is tunable by simply regulating the primary SCL dosage in the preparation of molten wax emulsions. Afterwards, O/W Pickering emulsions are stabilized by 0.25 wt% of the selected SCA-CaCO3 Janus nanoparticle with a proper Janus balance at primary SCL dosage of 60 mg·L−1; the obtained high internal phase emulsion is reversibly switchable by pH or CO2−N2 triggers. This strategy of one-pot two-step production of Janus particles may provide a facile mass production tool to create hierarchical Janus structures for various inorganic nanoparticles with different sizes and chemical compositions, endowing variable Janus surfaces with tunable Janus balance, providing a nanoscale SCA decoration layer of SCL with biocompatibility, environmental friendliness and multi-stimuli responses.

Bio-synthesized calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanoparticles: Their anti-fungal properties and application as nanofertilizer on Lycopersicon esculentum growth and gas exchange measurements

Bio-synthesized calcium carbonate nanoparticles (CaCO3 NPs) have gained attention because of their cost-effectiveness, minimal toxicity, biological compatibility, cytological compatibility, pH sensitivity, gradual biological degradability and ecological friendliness. As the global population is expected to rise to billions, innovative strategies to enhance crop production are necessary to address poverty challenges. This study assesses the effect of the bioinspired CaCO3 NPs as nanofertilizers on the development, gas exchange and yield parameters of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) and their antifungal activity. The trial was conducted in a 2×4 completely randomised design (CRD) with four replicates. The treatments consisted of different CaCO3 NPs concentrations (Control = 0 mg/L, 50 mg/L, 150 mg/L and 250 mg/L) on two tomato cultivars (Money-maker and Heinz-1370), and the antifungal activity of the CaCO3 NPs was tested against pathogens that cause diseases in tomato plants. The results demonstrate that CaCO3 NPs exhibit moderate antifungal activity against Cladosporium cladosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum and Penicillium halotolerans at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 125, 250 and 500 µg/mL. Results further show that 250 mg/L exhibits the highest number of leaves on Money-maker, while 150 mg/L gave the highest number of leaves at week 8 for Heinz-1370. The application of 150 mg/L yielded the highest number of flowers in both cultivars compared to other treatments. Remarkably, different CaCO3 NP concentrations varied the gas exchange parameters and revealed that at concentrations higher than 150 mg/L, the efficiency of water use during the vegetative and fruiting stages was lowered. The highest fruit weight of the Money-maker was observed at 50 mg/L, whereas Heinz-1370’s fruit weight was higher at 250 mg/L, indicating that the two cultivars are affected differently by the foliar application of CaCO3 NPs. Therefore, the findings of this study suggest that the inclusion of a green synthesis of CaCO3 NPs as a nanofertilizer has the potential to promote tomato growth and yield.

Sulfobetaine methacrylate-coated reduced graphene oxide-IR780 hybrid nanosystems for effective cancer photothermal-photodynamic therapy

Nanomaterials with near infrared light absorption can mediate an antitumoral photothermal-photodynamic response that is weakly affected by cancer cells’ resistance mechanisms. Such nanosystems are commonly prepared by loading photosensitizers into nanomaterials displaying photothermal capacity, followed by functionalization to achieve biological compatibility. However, the translation of these multifunctional nanomaterials has been limited by the fact that many of the photosensitizers are not responsive to near infrared light. Furthermore, the reliance on poly(ethylene glycol) for functionalizing the nanomaterials is also not ideal due to some immunogenicity reports. Herein, a novel photoeffective near infrared light-responsive nanosystem for cancer photothermal-photodynamic therapy was assembled. For such, dopamine-reduced graphene oxide was, for the first time, functionalized with sulfobetaine methacrylate-brushes, and then loaded with IR780 (IR780/SB/DOPA-rGO). This hybrid system revealed a nanometric size distribution, optimal surface charge and colloidal stability. The interaction of IR780/SB/DOPA-rGO with near infrared light prompted a temperature increase (photothermal effect) and production of singlet oxygen (photodynamic effect). In in vitro studies, the IR780/SB/DOPA-rGO per se did not elicit cytotoxicity (viability > 78 %). In contrast, the combination of IR780/SB/DOPA-rGO with near infrared light decreased breast cancer cells’ viability to just 21 %, at a very low nanomaterial dose, highlighting its potential for cancer photothermal-photodynamic therapy.

Be Smart and Active in Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics.

Numerous aspects of dentistry have been transformed by smart materials. In recent years, there have been advancements in dental materials that exhibit improved biological compatibility. These materials are specifically designed to interact effectively with the fluids found in the oral cavity, including saliva and gingival crevicular fluids. The search for the optimum restorative material results in the development of a more recent generation of dental materials known as smart materials. Smart materials react to stimuli, including stress, temperature, moisture, pH, electric field, and magnetic field, in a regulated way. Some of them are biomimetic and can imitate the dentin and enamel seen in natural teeth. These resources herald the start of a new era in dentistry known as "Smart Dentistry," and they project a promising future in terms of improved dependability and efficiency. These types of diverse materials can pick up and perform definite functionalities regarding adjustments in the nearby surroundings. Based on their capacity for recognition, analysis, and discrimination, these materials might be able to foresee problems in the near future. The superior biocompatibilities of smart materials, which have brought about a new generation of biosmart dentistry, are a crucial component of their utilization in numerous dental applications. We should use any material with intelligence as we progress in innovation and advanced technology. Additionally, we should purposefully incorporate intelligence into existing materials through design. Smart materials have proven advantageous in the field of dentistry, particularly in restorative applications. Various dental products, including smart composites, resin-modified glass ionomer materials, pit, and fissure sealants releasing amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP), smart ceramics, and compomers have all witnessed positive advancements due to the integration of smart materials.

Towards Artificial Visual Sensory System: Organic Optoelectronic Synaptic Materials and Devices

AbstractDeveloping an artificial visual sensory system requires optoelectronic materials and devices that can mimic the behavior of biological synapses. Organic/polymeric semiconductors have emerged as promising candidates for optoelectronic synapses due to their tunable optoelectronic properties, mechanic flexibility, and biological compatibility. In this review, we discuss the recent progress in organic optoelectronic synaptic materials and devices, including their design principles, working mechanisms, and applications. We also highlight the challenges and opportunities in this field and provide insights into potential applications of these materials and devices in next‐generation artificial visual systems. By leveraging the advances in organic optoelectronic materials and devices, we can envision its future development in artificial intelligence.

Towards Artificial Visual Sensory System: Organic Optoelectronic Synaptic Materials and Devices.

Developing an artificial visual sensory system requires optoelectronic materials and devices that can mimic the behavior of biological synapses. Organic/polymeric semiconductors have emerged as promising candidates for optoelectronic synapses due to their tunable optoelectronic properties, mechanic flexibility, and biological compatibility. In this review, we discuss the recent progress in organic optoelectronic synaptic materials and devices, including their design principles, working mechanisms, and applications. We also highlight the challenges and opportunities in this field and provide insights into potential applications of these materials and devices in next-generation artificial visual systems. By leveraging the advances in organic optoelectronic materials and devices, we can envision its future development in artificial intelligence.

Biological Photonic Devices Designed for the Purpose of Bio-Imaging with Bio-Diagnosis

The rapid progress in the fields of biomedical and biological photonic sciences has given rise to a substantial demand for biological photonic structures capable of interacting with living systems. These structures are expected to facilitate precise manipulation of incident light at small scales, enabling the detection of sensitive biological signals and the achievement of highly accurate cell structural imaging. The concept of designing biological photonic devices using innate biomaterials, particularly natural entities such as cells, viruses, and organs, has gained prominence. These innovative devices offer the capability of multimodal light manipulation at specific sites, enhancing biological compatibility while minimizing disruptions to the delicate biological microenvironment. This article delves into recent advancements within the realm of biological photonic devices, with a dedicated focus on their applications in bio-imaging and -diagnosis. The central theme revolves around devices derived from biological entities possessing the requisite optical properties, biocompatibility, biofunctionality, and the ability to induce biological effects. These devices encompass a diverse range of optical functionalities, including light generation, transportation, and modulation, all of which play pivotal roles in bio-detection and imaging, thereby contributing notably to the advancement of these fields. The potential future directions and opportunities for the enhancement of biological photonic devices were outlined.

Artificial intelligence analysis of the sterilization effects on the mechanical properties of human cranial bones

According to the literature, the patient’s own (autologous) bone remains the optimal graft material for cranioplasty. Autografts have an undoubted advantage over competing plastic materials of complete biological compatibility, as well as the absence of interstitial conflict and accessibility. Presently there is still not a single synthetic material that meets all the complex requirements for skull reconstruction in children due to the special complication of accommodating the skull structure that continues to grow. At the same time, the use of autograft is accompanied by the highest percentage of complications in the form of resorption and infection. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the large volume of measurements (“big data”) obtained after nano-hardness testing of an autograft bone after various preliminary treatments. The latter included the currently optimal method of bone sterilization (boiling peroxide treatment). The measurements performed on different patient allografts were compared and the effects of bone treatment on the mechanical properties were evaluated and compared. Due to the complex hierarchical structural organisation of the bone, the correspondence between the composition, processing, structure, and properties of natural human bone materials were not obvious. Machine Learning, part of the Artificial Intelligence (AI) tool set, was applied to reveal the differences between scull bones of different types, treatment history and patients. It was found that after obtaining the principal mechanical properties of the chosen human skull bone sample it was possible to identify algorithmically the nature of prior bone sterilization and the patient’s sex.

High-Efficiency Degradation of Formaldehyde and Bioelectricity Generation by Microbial Fuel Cell

Formaldehyde is a common organic pollutant in water with teratogenic and carcinogenic effects. This study reports that 200 mg l−1 formaldehyde in water can be effectively degraded with generating electricity by using microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology. A novel composite anode M-Co3O4-PEDOT-GF was prepared by modifying Co3O4 nanoparticles (M-Co3O4) derived from ZIF-67 and poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) on the surface of Graphite felt (GF). The results showed that the MFC loading M-Co3O4-PEDOT-GF anode exhibited excellent electricity generation performance and formaldehyde degradation. The maximum voltage of the MFC was 549 mV, 46.0% increase than that of GF anode (376 mV), and higher than N-Co3O4-PEDOT-GF anode (488 mV) modified with commercial Co3O4 (N-Co3O4). The maximum power density of the MFC loading composite anode was 4177 mW m−2, while that of MFC loading bare GF anode was 1562 mW m−2. The dominant microorganisms were Pseudomonadales and Rhizobiales at the order level. The removal efficiency of formaldehyde by MFC loading M-Co3O4-PEDOT-GF anode was 89.2% in 152 h. The high efficiency of formaldehyde degradation was still maintained after 10 cycles. The results could be attributed to the composite anode with loose porous three-dimensional structure and good biological compatibility of PEDOT.

Polymeric Chitosan/Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Hybrid Doped with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized and Characterized Using the Electrospun Method

Background:Because of their portability and flexibility in altering surface properties, nanofibers have attracted more attention in recent years, particularly in biological applications. The development of affordable antibacterial base agents for wound healing capabilities and other medical technologies is still in high demand. Porosity, ease of forming into different sizes, and high surface area are just a few of the benefits of nanofibers.Materials and Methods:A 90% deacetylated (average 200,000 MW) poly(vinyl alcohol) chitosan with a life of 72000 MW was bought.Results:Through the samples of the electronic scanner, electrospinning rates, flow of 0.6 ml / sec, voltage of 10 kV, distance between the collector and the needle of 8 cm, and the ratio of PVA / CS / ZnO to the polymer with the addition of nanoparticles ratio 0.4% 65 / 35.Conclusion:In this study, the nanofiber compound PVA / CS / ZnO proved to have medical and biological compatibility. There is no toxicity in this compound. It has therapeutic properties against microbes and is good in healing wounds, as in previous studies

A comparison of six adhesive tapes as tape lifts for efficient trace DNA recovery without the transfer of PCR inhibitors

Tape-lifting is a non-destructive method employed in the laboratory to recover and collect trace DNA evidence from crime scene exhibits with porous surfaces. The success of tape-lifting is a balance between capturing the biological material and compatibility with downstream DNA extraction processes to ensure efficient release of the tape-lifted material during DNA extraction. In this study, six commercially available low-, regular- and high-tack adhesive tapes were evaluated. The low-tack S183 tape and the highly adhesive S-Hold tape were compared for DNA recovery efficiency from different materials commonly encountered in casework. All tape-lifts were processed using PrepFiler Express™ BTA and AutoMate Express™ Forensic DNA extraction systems, DNA samples quantitated by Quantifiler TRIO, amplified using Powerplex® 21 and VeriFiler™ PLUS (VFP), and analysed on a 3500xl genetic analyser to evaluate the quality of the resultant STR profiles obtained.The more adhesive S-Hold tape recovered comparable or more DNA than the low-tack S183 tape from the majority of materials tested. However, STR profiles obtained from S183 tape-lifts were of markedly higher quality compared to S-Hold tape-lifts. This was most evident for towel, denim and printed chiffon, where S-Hold samples exhibited severe PCR inhibition, with VFP internal quality markers confirming the presence of inhibitors. The findings suggest that strong adhesion is not necessarily beneficial for tape-lifting, as the low tack S183 tape was able to efficiently recover cellular material from the surface of porous substrates commonly encountered in casework, while avoiding the co-transfer of PCR-inhibitory substances from the sampled material.

Surface phenomena and electrochemical behavior of phosphate ion incorporated titania nanotubes for boosting bone cell growth

The addition of bone-native calcium and phosphate ions to implant materials can improve biocompatibility. The objective of the work was a comprehensive analysis of phosphate incorporation in nanotubes utilising orthophosphoric acid as the electrolyte and its effect on nanotube development during anodization process. Also, the material’s biological compatibility was investigated. A traditional anodization method was utilised to create nanotubes on commercially pure titanium (Cp-Ti) metal surfaces. The creation of nanotubes was detected at an optimal concentration of orthophosphoric acid, while other experimental variables such as voltage, time, temperature, etc. were maintained constant. The surface phenomena of anodized TIOP’s were examined through High-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyser and contact angle. Fourier transform RAMAN study validated the penetration of phosphate ions into nanotubes. Potentiodynamic polarisation investigation in SBF was used to analyse the corrosion behaviour of anodized TIOP’s surface and Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM) mapped the reactive surface of the anodic oxide layer. The biomineralization studies were performed for 14 days in SBF and analysed with SEM/EDX and ATR-FTIR. The cell compatibility of the anodized sample surface was carried out in the MG63 cell line. The result indicated the addition of bone-native phosphate ions to anodized surface influences the differentiation of cells. The apatite formations on anodized surface influence the corrosion behaviour of the sample and result in high corrosion resistance in SBF.

Insecticides for corn leafhopper management versus entomopathogenic fungal isolates: In vitro compatibility, physical-chemical interactions, and on-farm assessments

This study is the first investigation of the biological compatibility of isolates IBCB 66 and Simbi BB15 of Beauveria bassiana and Esalq-1296 of Cordyceps fumosorosea, registered in Brazil for the management of corn leafhopper Dalbulus maidis, with synthetic insecticides used in the management of sucking insects in the initial growth stage of maize crops. The biological index was used to identify the most compatible synthetic insecticides with each fungal isolate tested and isolate IBCB 66 of B. bassiana was the most sensitive. In addition, most mixtures of synthetic insecticides with mycoinsecticides were physically compatible, except for the mixture of mycoinsecticide based on isolate Simbi BB15 of B. bassiana (OD formulation) with insecticides based on acephate, profenophos + cypermethrin, and dinotefuran + lambda-cyhalothrin, which showed absence of homogeneity. Field trials (on-farm assessments) of two-crop seasons indicate that compatibility of insecticides with mycoinsecticides is a key factor for the effectiveness of mixtures in D. maidis population suppression, reduction of incidence and severity of corn stunt complex (CSC), and yield of corn crops. The mixtures of imidacloprid + beta-cyfluthrin and imidacloprid + bifenthrin with mycoinsecticides based on B. bassiana (isolate Simbi BB15) and C. fumosorosea (isolate Esalq-1296) showed the best results in all parameters assessed. Thus, the association of mycoinsecticides with synthetic insecticides is a promising alternative for the management of the corn leafhopper and CSC pathosystem. However, the compatibility of synthetic insecticides is crucial for the success of the associated use of chemical and fungal agents.

Design and synthesis of isoniazid-based pyrazolines as potential inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with promising radical scavenging action: In-vitro and in-silico evaluations

In view of the devastating tuberculosis infections and emerging resistance against available drugs, novel 5-phenyl-3-(thiophen-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)(pyridin-4-yl)methanones were designed and efficiently synthesized. The in-vitro biological screening of the synthesized isoniazid-based pyrazolines reveals their remarkable antimycobacterial and antioxidant ability. The pyrazoline analog 4i containing 2,4-dimethoxy phenyl substituent exhibited the highest anti-TB action against the H37Rv Mtb strain with an MIC of 6.35 μM, while the pyrazoline analog 4f with 2-nitrophenyl substituent demonstrates the highest radical quenching ability with an IC50 of 96.19 μM. Through DFT execution, the quantum-mechanical properties, reactivity indices, and molecular electrostatic potential mapping of the synthesized entities were determined, showing their optimum chemical and biological compatibility. The potent antitubercular effect of the synthesized entities was further supported by docking assessment against one of the most promising antitubercular targets, InhA (PDB Id: 2X23), displaying a significant binding range of −8.3 to −9.6 kcal/mol, and favorable binding interactions with the key residues like TYR 158, THR 196. etc. The pharmaceutical compliance of the synthesized moieties was further assessed through in-silico ADMET screening, which illustrates their excellent drug likeliness and appreciable pharmacokinetic behavior.