Biological Activities Of Essential Oils Research Articles

Phytochemical Analysis and Biological Activities of Essential Oils of the Leaves and Flowers of Ageratum houstonianum Mill. Cultivated in Egypt

The essential oils of Ageratum houstonianum Mill grown in Egypt were obtained and studied for the first time. The essential oils of leaves (0.1 % v/w) and flowers (0.06 % v/w) of A. houstonianum Mill. (Asteraceae) were comparatively analyzed by GC/MS using non polar column Rtx-5MS. A total of 11-32 components were identified, 7 being common in both samples. The main constituents of both leaves-and flowers-derived oil samples were precocene I (22.4-34.6 %), β-caryophyllene (63.9-13.7 %), and precocene II (10.8-29.6 %) respectively. The principle difference was a considerably more pronounced sesquiterpenes presence in the leaves-oil, amounting to 65.8 %, than in the flowers counterpart (32.4 %). Caryophyllene (63.9 %) was the major sesquiterpenes detected in leaves-oil, while flowers-oil showed less amounts of sesquiterpenoid hydrocarbons (32.4 %) and represented by caryophyllene (13.5 %). Chromenes was prevailed major constituents of flowers derived oil (64.8 %) nearly double its percent in the leaves derived oil (33.3 %). In vitro screen of antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities was determined against positive control. No antifungal activity was experiential on the tested fungi for all tested samples in the used concentration. Flowers-oil sample is being mostly efficient as antibacterial against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus with potency 50 % compared to gentamicin. The essential oil samples revealed marked in vitro cytotoxicity against colon (HCT-116) carcinoma cell line with IC50 (11.1 %, 14.2 %) μg/ml for the leaves-, flowers-derived oil sample, respectively. The antibacterial effect of the essential oil of the flowers of A.houstonianum Mill can be credited to chromenes. As well as the leaves derived oil prevailed caryophyllene as a major constituents which may justify its observed cytotoxic activity.

Research progress of chemical constituents and biological activities of essential oil of Pistacia lentiscus

Pistacia lentiscus,which belongs to foreign medicine resources,is widely distributed in the Mediterranean and Middle Eastern area. The essential oils are a mixture of several volatile compounds mainly monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes obtained from different parts of P. lentiscus by hydrodistillation. The variability of chemical composition,biological activities and content of essential oil is strongly affected by extraction technology,environmental and sex factors. It is indicated that essential oils of P. lentiscus have kinds of biological activities such as antibacterial,anticancer,anti-atherogenesis,antioxidant,anti-inflammatory and insecticidal activities.Many scholars hold the opinion that combination of different components with synergistic and/or additive actions should account for their biological activities. Due to its diverse efficacy and special taste,the essential oil of P. lentiscus has been extensively used in medicine,food and cosmetics industries. A mini review of chemical constituents and biological activities of essential oil of P. lentiscus in the past20 years is made here to provide valuable reference for the construction of " the Belt and Road".

Phytochemical aspects and biological activities of essential oil of species of the family Canellaceae: A review

Survey have proven the popular Canellaceae family use to treat various diseases such as: muscular pains, infections, stomatitis, anti-malaric, healing, among others. The main use of these species is in the extracts form and essential oils extracted from the leaves and stem. Highlighting the importance of this family on the pharmacological point of view and the fact that few studies in the literature have reported the characterization of the essential oils compounds and their respective biological activities. The objective of this study was to carry out a systematic review of previous studies on essential oils of the Canellaceae family species and their biological activities. The databases Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed were used for the search and a bibliographical manager was used. A total of 143 files were analyzed, of which 21 presented the phytochemical analysis and / or essential oils biological activities of these species. Few species have been studied so far, such as Canella winterana, Cinnamosma fragans, Cinnamosma madagascariensis, Cinnamodendron dinisii. It can be observed that the major constituents for these species essential oils were: 1,8-cineol, linalool, limonene, alpha and beta-pinene. And that the main proven activities were: antibiotic, antifungal, insecticide, larvicide, trypanocidal, cytotoxic, molluscicide, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and anticonvulcionate. From this literature review, it was possible to identify species that have not yet started studies and possible activities of their essential oils, mainly due to the almost homogeneous presence of the major constituents, making possible new research as well as projects and programs.

Antioxidant and Lipoxygenase Inhibitory Activities of Essential Oils from Endemic Plants of Côte d’Ivoire: Zanthoxylum mezoneurispinosum Ake Assi and Zanthoxylum psammophilum Ake Assi

Zanthoxylum mezoneurispinosum Ake Assi and Zanthoxylum psammophilum Ake Assi are species endemic to Côte d’Ivoire. In this study, we determined, for the first time, the composition and biological activities of essential oils obtained from each of these plants. Essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation from different organs of each plant with a Clevenger-type apparatus and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Thirty-four components, accounting for more than 99.9% of the overall composition, were identified in the oils. The Z. psammophilum leaf and trunk bark oils exhibited two unusual methylketones, undecan-2-one and tridecan-2-one, whereas the root oil was rich in thymol and sesquiterpenoids. The Z. mezoneurispinosum leaf and trunk bark oils were rich in monoterpenoids, whereas sesquiterpenoids were predominant in the root oil. These samples produced, for the first time, some new chemical profiles of essential oils. The oils’ antioxidant activities were determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The results showed that the essential oil isolated from roots of Z. mezoneurispinosum had the highest antioxidant activity, which is in accordance with the high thymol content of that oil. We also determined the lipoxygenase inhibitory activities of the essential oils. The results showed that all of the tested oils displayed high and close lipoxygenase inhibitory activities.

Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oils in the Family Lauraceae: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

The Lauraceae family is predominantly found in Asia and in the rainforests of the Americas, and consists mostly of aromatic trees. Being an essential oil producer, this family is used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. This work presents a systematic review of the chemical composition and bioactivity of the essential oils from the Lauraceae family. Medline, Scielo, Web of Science, Lilacs, and Scopus were employed to identify articles published between 2000 and 2018, using "Lauraceae", "essential oil", and "biological activity" as key words. From 177 studies identified, 53 met the inclusion criteria. These studies indicated a predominance of the compounds β-caryophyllene and 1,8-cineole in Lauraceae species, and highlighted the antioxidant, antifungal, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities. Essential oils extracted from this family thus have high potential for pharmacological applications.

Chemical Profile and Biological Activities of Essential Oil from Flowers of Artemisia dubia Wall. ex Bess. Growing Wild in Western Himalaya, India

The flowers of Artemisia dubia wall ex Bess., on hydrodistillation provided a refreshing violet-blue viscous essential oil with sweet woody odour. The oil was found to be a complex mixture of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and their esters. A total of 67 chemical constituents comprising 79.43 % of the oil were characterized with the help of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Major chemical constituents of the oil were characterized as nerylisovalerate (9.79 %), 1,8-cineole (8.32 %), neryl-2-methyl-butanoate (7.32 %), chamazulene (5.92 %), linalool (4.15 %), camphor (4.10 %), germacrene D (4.04 %), nerol (3.37 %), linalyl propionate (3.32 %). The investigations performed on the flower essential oil of A. dubia allowed the distinction of this plant growing in the temperate Kashmir region of western Himalayas from the same plant with different varieties growing in different parts of the world. The essential oil was evaluated for its antifungal activity against Candida species and was found to be active against the tested strains with more sensitivity against C. paropsilosis and C. krusei strains. The antioxidant activity evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay evidenced that the essential oil has moderate antioxidant activity. The antiproliferative ability of the oil was evaluated by MTT assay against the two cell lines A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells) and HCT-116 (human colon cancer cells). The essential oil effectively inhibits the growth of A549 and HCT-116 cancer cells at 62.5 and 31.25 μg/mL concentration, respectively.

Determination of biological activities of essential oil and extract obtained from Achillea coarctata Poir.

In this study evaluated the phenolic, flavonoid contents, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of Achillea coarctata extract. Also, chemical compositions of the extract and essential oil were analyzed by HPLC and GC–MS. The antioxidant activity of the extract was determined with phosphomolybdenum, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging), hydrogen peroxide scavenging, β-carotene bleaching activity, Fe+2-ion reducing power (FRAP) and cupric ion (Cu2+) reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) assays. The extract and essential oil were investigated for antimicrobial activities against 15 species of microorganisms. The extract has been only found to be effective against Klebsiella pneumoniae, while essential oil was effective against Listeria monocytogenes, K. pneumoniae, Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Candida albicans. The cytotoxic activity of the extract on MCF7 (human breast cancer cell line, ATCC HTB-22) and NIH/3T3 (mouse embryo fibroblast cells, ATCC CRL-1658) was studied by MTT assay. The extract showed cytotoxic activity on MCF-7 cell line.

A comparative study on the biological activity of essential oil and total hydro-alcoholic extract of Satureja hortensis L.

Satureja hortensis L. presents an increased interest due to its chemical composition, abundant in monoterpenes, aglyconic and glycosylates flavonoids, and phenolic acids, leading to important biological activity. The present study compared the biological activity of volatile oil (VO) and total hydro-alcoholic extract (TE) of Satureja hortensis L. in terms of: i) antioxidant activity; ii) antimicrobial activity; and iii) viability, migration and proliferation on two healthy cell lines (keratinocytes-HaCaT and fibroblasts-1BR3) and two melanoma cell lines (human-A375 and murine-B164A5). Antioxidant activity of VO and TE showed maximal values around 72%. Antimicrobial screening highlighted the inhibitory capacity of VO against all seven tested bacteria strains, with the most pronounced effect against S. aureus and C. albicans, while TE exerted only a slight activity against three bacteria strains. VO showed greater efficacy than TE on both tumor cell lines (A375 and B164A5), the activity of the compounds was higher when low concentrations were used (5, 10 and 25 µM) while at high concentrations (50 and 100 µM) the percentages of viability were increased.

Extraction of essential oils of Ferulago angulata with microwave-assisted hydrodistillation

Ferulago angulata (Apiaceae), an important medicinal plant of Iran, has been considered to have different therapeutical effects and are widely used in the perfume and pharmacological industries. Considering capability of F. angulata essential oils, the present study was conducted to optimized microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD) method for F. angulata fruit in order to improve the yield and biological activities of essential oils. Optimization of the yield was done through central composite design (CCD) of the response surface methodology (RSM) using three variable factors (hydrodistillation time, irradiation power and plant/liquid ratio). Based on the RSM results, the maximum essential oil yield was obtained with the microwave power of 980 W and plant/liquid ratio of 2 (g/100 mL) at 72 min. The results revealed that MAHD of F. angulata produced the highest essential oil yield (6.50%) as compared with essential oil prepared with hydrodistillation (HD) (2.65%). The essential oils extracted by MAHD and HD were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) and indicated the main constituents of them were limonene, α-Pinene, ß-Phellandrene, α-Phellandrene, and Terpinolene. The antioxidant study revealed that MAHD essential oil had higher antioxidant activity than the HD essential oil. Furthermore, the essential oil obtained by MAHD demonstrated potent anti-proliferative activity against MCF-7 with IC50 8.51 μg/mL. This research revealed that MAHD could be an effective method for hydrodistillation of essential oil in F. angulata in terms of shortening hydrodistillation time, reduction of energy consumption and increasing biological activities compared with the HD method.

Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Essential Oils from Two Wild Algerian Medicinal Plants: Mentha pulegium L. and Lavandula stoechas L.

The aim of the present study was to determine the chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Algerian Mentha pulegium L. and Lavandula stoechas L. essential oils (EOs). The essential oils of M. pulegium and L. stoechas were obtained by hydrodistillation and their yields was 3.96 ± 0.12 and 1.46 ± 0.06 % (v/w), respectively. GC-MS analyses allowed the identification of 27 components representing 98.06 % of the total oil for M. pulegium, and 68 components representing 93.51 % of the total for L. steochas. The main components of M. pulegium EO were pulegone (81.04 %), piperitenone (13.60 %) and trans-p-mentha-8-en-3-one (1.35 %). Fenchone (50.29 %), camphor (14.02 %) and bornyl acetate (5.60 %) were the main components of L. stoechas EO. The antioxidant activity of EOs was estimated by total antioxidant capacity, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays, ferric-reducing power test and β-carotene bleaching assay. Both EOs exhibited a moderate antioxidant activity compared to BHT, vitamin C and trolox. Antibacterial studies showed good activity against four Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, as well as good inhibitory properties (MIC), suggesting that Algerian M. pulegium and L. steochas EOs can be used in food and pharmaceutical industries as antimicrobial and preservative agents.

Characterization of Origanum glandulosum Desf. Essential Oils Collected from Different Culture Conditions Towards Standardized ex situ Production

Medicinal plants have always drawn interest in scientific research as well as industry, particularly, pharmaceutical and agri-food industries. With a view to preserving and sustainably exploiting local biological resources, the main objective of this study was the establishment of an optimized biotechnological process for the production of Origanum glandulosum essential oils (EOs) involving in vitro culture and acclimatization conditions of micro propagated vitro plants (O. glandulosum plants obtained and multiplied in vitro). After plant material disinfection, in vitro plant micropropagation was made using oregano nodal fragments on MS media with different hormonal balances (BAP: 0, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/L, IAA: 0, 0.25 and 1 mg/L and GA3: 0 and 0.5 mg/L). Vitro plants with well-developed roots were acclimatized in three different culture conditions (AC1, AC2 and AC3). The chemical composition and biological activities of EOs extracted by hydrodistillation were the parameters of the choice for the standardized production process. The results of the study enabled the establishment of a production process after 70 days of oregano vitro plants acclimatization in the conditions of 70 % humidity, 18°C with 12-h light photoperiod 1st week, 20°C with 14-h light photoperiod 2ndweek, 22°C 16-h light 3rdweek and 24°C with 16-h light photoperiod for the last 7 weeks. In these conditions, the produced essential oil is with an extraction yield of 1.48 mL/100 g D.W., with thymol-chemotype (28 %) and similar biological activities to that of essential oil extracted from wild plants.

Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Five Essential Oils from the Ecuadorian Amazon Rain Forest.

The chemical composition and biological activity of essential oils isolated from the leaves of Siparuna aspera, Siparuna macrotepala, Piper leticianum, Piper augustum and the rhizome of Hedychium coronarium were evaluated. These species are used medicinally in different ways by the Amazonian communities that live near the Kutukú mountain range. Chemical studies revealed that the main components for the two Siparuna species were germacrene D, bicyclogermacrene, α-pinene, δ-cadinene, δ-elemene, α-copaene and β-caryophyllene; for the two Piper species β-caryophyllene, germacrene D, α-(E,E)-farnesene, β-elemene, bicyclogermacrene, δ-cadinene and for H. coronarium 1,8-cineole, β-pinene, α-pinene and α-terpineol. The antioxidant activity of all essential oils was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), photochemiluminescence (PCL) quantitative assays, and DPPH and ABTS bioautographic profiles, with different results for each of them. Antimicrobial activity studies were carried out on three yeasts, six Gram positive and four Gram negative bacteria, by means of the disc diffusion method. The essential oil of H. coronarium showed the most relevant results on L. grayi, K. oxytoca and S. mutans, P. augustum and P. leticianum on S. mutans. An antibacterial bioautographic test for H. coronarium was also carried out and highlighted the potential activity of terpinen-4-ol and 1,8-cineole.

Chemical Profile and Biological Activities of Essential Oil from Artemisia vulgaris L. Cultivated in Brazil.

Essential oil from the leaves of Artemisia vulgaris L. (Compositae) cultivated in Brazil was investigated for its chemical composition and biological activities including antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic. The constituents of essential oils isolated by hydro-distillation were examined by GC-MS and a total of 18 components were identified. The essential oil was dominated by oxygenated sesquiterpenes (44.4%), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (33.3%), and oxygenated monoterpenes (16.6%). Caryophyllene (37.45%), germacrene D (16.17%), and humulene (13.66%) were the major components. The essential oils from A. vulgaris showed bactericidal and fungicidal properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, respectively. Anthelmintic activity against Haemonchus contortus was absent in this essential oil. Altogether above results indicate that essential oils from A. vulgaris can be used for various medicinal purposes.

Chemical composition, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of essential oil from rhizome and leaves of Curcuma mutabilis Škorničk., M. Sabu & Prasanthk., endemic to Western Ghats of India

Hydro-distilled essential oils, from fresh rhizomes and leaves of Curcuma mutabilis Škorničk., M.Sabu & Prasanthk., characterized by GC–MS revealed the presence of thirty three and twenty three compounds therein respectively. Whilst estrone methyl ether (3-Methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one) was the major component in rhizome oil (47.35%), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons predominated as the major group (63.92%) in leaf oil with a higher preponderance of β-caryophyllene (25.48%), β-farnesene (19.47%) and α-humulene (11.01%). Weak antioxidant activities observed in these oils determined by DPPH and ABTS methods were apparently influenced both by the oil composition and the assay conditions. Rhizome oil showed higher antiproliferative activity than leaf oil against leukemic K562 (IC50-6.8µg/mL) and colorectal HCT116 (IC50-8.5µg/mL) cancer cell lines. This first report reveals composition and biological activities of essential oils from C. mutabilis.

Phytochemical Analysis and Potential Biological Activities of Essential Oil from Rice Leaf.

Although many investigations on phytochemicals in rice plant parts and root exudates have been conducted, information on the chemical profile of essential oil (EO) and potent biological activities has been limited. In this study, chemical compositions of rice leaf EO and in vitro biological activities were investigated. From 1.5 kg of fresh rice leaves, an amount of 20 mg EO was obtained by distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), electrospray ionization (ESI), and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) to reveal the presence of twelve volatile constituents, of which methyl ricinoleate (27.86%) was the principal compound, followed by palmitic acid (17.34%), and linolenic acid (11.16%), while 2-pentadecanone was the least (2.13%). Two phytoalexin momilactones A and B were first time identified in EO using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-MS) (9.80 and 4.93 ng/g fresh weight, respectively), which accounted for 7.35% and 3.70% of the EO, respectively. The assays of DPPH (IC50 = 73.1 µg/mL), ABTS (IC50 = 198.3 µg/mL), FRAP (IC50 = 700.8 µg/mL) and β-carotene oxidation (LPI = 79%) revealed that EO possessed an excellent antioxidant activity. The xanthine oxidase assay indicated that the anti-hyperuricemia potential was in a moderate level (IC50 = 526 µg/mL) as compared with the standard allopurinol. The EO exerted potent inhibition on growth of Raphanus sativus, Lactuca sativa, and two noxious weeds Echinochloa crus-galli, and Bidens pilosa, but in contrast, the growth of rice seedlings was promoted. Among the examined plants, the growth of the E. crus-galli root was the most inhibited, proposing that constituents found in EO may have potential for the control of the problematic paddy weed E. crus-galli. It was found that the EO of rice leaves contained rich phytochemicals, which were potent in antioxidants and gout treatment, as well as weed management. Findings of this study highlighted the potential value of rice leaves, which may provide extra benefits for rice farmers.

Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oil isolated by HS-SPME and UAHD from fruits of bergamot

Bergamot essential oil (BEO), which is extracted from bergamot fruit peel, has many health benefits such as improving blood circulation and anticancer activity. In this paper, volatile components were obtained by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and ultrasound-assisted hydrodistillation (UAHD) from the fruits of bergamot (Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis (Noot.) Swingle). The oil yield of BEO from UAHD extraction was 0.48%, which is 118% higher than that of hydrodistillation (HD). The chemical compositions of the volatile components were analyzed using GC-MS. A total of 46 volatile compounds belonging to distinct chemical families were identified. The major components were identified as d-limonene (60.44%), γ-terpinene (20.28%). The biological activities, including antimicrobial activities and antioxidant activities of BEO were detected. The BEO exhibited activities against bacteria and fungi with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values in the range of 0.78–3.13 μL/mL and minimum bactericidal or fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) values in the range of 1.56–6.25 μL/mL. BEO showed strong activity against E. coli (MIC = 0.78 μL/mL, MBC = 1.56 μL/mL). BEO also showed substantial antioxidant activity based on ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay for reducing power, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay for radical scavenging activity, and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity.

Composition and Biological Activity of Essential Oil from Artemisia keiskeana

Composition and Biological Activity of Essential Oil from Artemisia keiskeana

Comparative volatile composition, antioxidant and cytotoxic evaluation of the essential oil of Zhumeria majdae from south of Iran.

Objective(s):The purpose of this study was to evaluate variations in yields, volatile composition and biological activities of essential oils (EOs) obtained from the aerial parts of Zhumeria majdae collected from five localities of the south of Iran. Materials and Methods:The EOs were analyzed using gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques. The antioxidant activity of the EOs was tested using DPPH and β-carotene/linoleic acid assays. In vitro cytotoxicity was tested against two cancer cell lines (A375 and MCF7) using MTT assay. Results:The oils yield varied from 6.3% (S2) to 10.2% (V/W) (S4). All of five investigated EOs samples presented three major compounds: linalool (24.4-34.6%), camphor (26.1-34.7%) and trans-linalool oxide (7.6-28.6%). Although the main constituents were common, their percentages were different. Among samples, S1 had a better antioxidant activity in both DPPH and β-carotene/linoleic acid methods (IC50= 8.01 and 11.77 mg/ml, respectively). In vitro cytotoxicity against two cancer cell lines of human melanoma cell line (A375) and breast cancer cell line (MCF7), showed a moderate cytotoxicity of S3 against A375 cells with IC50 value of 624 μg/ml. Conclusion:Tangezagh (S4) plant materials revealed the highest level of oil yield as the region is recommended for collecting the plant samples.Taken together, despite the weak antioxidant and moderate cytotoxic activities of tested EOs, this study suggested a proper potential for possible use of the EOs of Z. majdae for pharmaceutical and perfume industries.

Phytochemical Analysis and Various Biological Activities of the Aerial Parts of Scrophularia Atropatana Growing in Iran.

Scrophularia atropatana (S. atropatana), an Iranian plant belonging to the family of Scrophulariaceae, was assigned for its chemical compositions and biological activities of essential oil (EO) and extracts of the aerial parts of the plant during the flowering stage. Combination of GC-MS and GC-FID was assessed for analyzing the chemical compositions of the EO from the aerial parts of S. atropatana. Furthermore, Brine shrimp lethality test and DPPH assay were performed to evaluate general toxicity and free-radical-scavenging properties, respectively. Furthermore, anti-proliferative and antimicrobial activities were assessed by MTT assay and disc diffusion methods correspondingly. Additionally, all the potent samples (extracts) and its fractions in the MTT assay were further studied for the presence of various compounds by GC-MS apparatus. MeOH extract and 40% sep-pak fraction indicated high amounts of total phenolic (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant properties. In the case of general toxicity, among the extracts, dichloromethane (DCM) extract showed noticeable effect. Furthermore, DCM extract was indicated potent ability to eliminate breast tumor cells and minimum efficacy on normal cells. Anti-microbial activity of all samples was ignorable. The potent extracts and fractions which had more anti-proliferative activity were further elucidated by GC-MS and showed high amounts of Alkanes and fatty acids. In the case of EO constituents, non-terpenoids were the major compounds. To sum up, it seems BSLT could be a good preliminary approach for evaluating the cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cell line. Additionally, antioxidant activity, TPC, and TFC contents of all samples were in consistent with each other.

Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Lantana camara Linn leaves essential oil from Burkina Faso

The objective of this study was to determine chemical composition and biological activity of essential oil of the leaves of Lantana camara from Burkina Faso. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and Ferric reduction antioxidant power (FRAP) test. Antimicrobial activity was assessed by agar disc diffusion method and microdilution method. The main components of essential oil of L. camara were caryophyllene oxide (23.015%), spathulenol (13.421%), humulen-1, 2-epoxide (8.046%), β-caryophyllene (7.93%), E-nerolidol (6.933%) and α-humulene (4.925%). The oil showed good radical scavenging power and moderate reducing power compared with quercetin, ascorbic acid and butylhydroxytoluene (BHT). Essential oil of L. camara showed antibacterial activity with inhibition diameters between 08±00 mm and 23.5±2.12 mm. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were ranging from 4% to 8% and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined for the strains of Escherichia coli (8%) only. L. camara essential oil had inhibitory action on all fungal strains with MICs of 2% to 4% and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of 4% for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Hence L. camara essential oil could be used as antifungal agent, as antioxidant and could be a potential antibacterial agent especially against Escherichia coli.