Biographical Method Research Articles

Biography of Writers as a Motivation for Creative Skills of Primary School Students

In addition to education and training, formation of skills of practical application of the acquired knowledge is the goal of modern school. Therefore, the ability to use what has been learnt as a sample, as an example, is formed in pupils who get acquainted with biographies of writers and poets. Literary works play a special role in the formation of a person's personal qualities and his further development. Presenting information about the author's biography is one of the ways to arouse interest in reading and analyzing a work of fiction. The article argumentatively shows the role of studying the biography of the writer as a motivation in teaching for the development of creative abilities of younger pupils. The biographical method should be used as an element, which helps to prepare children to perceive and analyze the studied literary work.

The Artists’ Association branches of Revolutionary Russia: experience of interaction with regions

Importance. The activities of the Artists’ Association branches of Revolutionary Russia (1922–1932) are considered. During this period, the organization had a significant and sometimes decisive place in the artistic life of the country. The subject of the study relates to the culture of the country as a whole and touches on local history issues. The purpose of the work is to assess the influence of the central organization on the local branches development and analyze their importance in the Association work.Materials and Methods. The research is based on materials from the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art, the State Archive of the Yaroslavl Region and published memoirs of participants in the events. In the course of the work, the biographical method is used, as well as historical-genetic and historical-comparative methods traditional for historical science.Results and Discussion. It is noted that the Association participants paid great attention to the creation of representative offices at the local level. The presence of artistic traditions in a particular region played an important role in the development of local branches of the AARR. At the same time, established traditions are not the determining factor. The presence of a bright creative personality in it, who set a certain pace of work, could be of significant importance in the development of a particular branch.Conclusion. It is revealed that some of the regional branches ceased their activities even before the liquidation of the AARR. Despite this, the work of branches of the Artists’ Association of Revolutionary Russia contributed to the accessibility of art for the local population, attracting regional residents to artistic life and preserving cultural monuments. Museums and creative studios are created, and active exhibitions and lectures are carried out.

Napoleon's Civil Code in the Political Discourse of the Alexander Era

Napoleon's "Civil Code" is a fundamental work of European legal thought. M.M. Speransky, appointed by Emperor Alexander I to the Commission for Drafting Laws, of course, could not help but refer to this text; moreover, he actively used it when drafting his famous "Draft Civil Code", but revised many of its provisions when adapting it to the class-based Russian society. Nevertheless, the influence of the Code on Speransky's "Draft" was so noticeable that it caused sharp rejection in conservative circles. The main opponents of the Secretary of State were N.M. Karamzin and A.S. Shishkov, who criticized the "Draft". When writing this article, the main method was the method of discourse analysis. This method, the subject of which is traditionally defined as "speech immersed in life", made it possible to study the extralinguistic aspects of the texts of participants in the communicative field in political disputes around the legislative initiatives of M.M. Speransky in terms of their correlation with Napoleon's Civil Code. Also used were such methods as content analysis, biographical method, comparative-historical and contrastive. Despite all the similarities, the positions of Karamzin and Shishkov differed. If Shishkov categorically did not accept any changes to Russian statehood, defending the need to preserve its absolutist inviolability, then Karamzin, who admired Robespierre in his youth, then idolized Napoleon, openly declared his republicanism. The ambiguity of his position, which has been repeatedly noted by researchers, is fully explained by the phenomenon of the development of republican thought of that time, which is shown in the article. Speransky, responding to criticism of the "Project Code", stated that all such projects are similar, since they have Roman law as their source. But this was not important for his opponents, who used all available tools to discredit him.

Практики обращения в православие возрастной когорты 70+: модель «отложенного обращения»

The article presents an analysis of the practices of conversion to Orthodoxy of the age cohort of 70+ in the context of the "deferred conversion" model. The degree of elaboration of the problem in modern Russian sociological discourse is described. The author's definition of the treatment process is proposed. The theoretical and methodological foundations of the analysis of the process of conversion to Orthodoxy are indicated, including: an interdisciplinary approach; an integrative paradigm in the sociology of religious conversion (religious conversion); a generational approach. The description of a qualitative sociological study of the peculiarities of conversion to Orthodoxy of the age cohort of 70+ is presented. The purpose of the study is to identify the structural components and meaningful characteristics of the process of conversion to Orthodoxy of the age cohort of 70+. It is noted that within the framework of the study, empirical data was collected using the biographical method, the sample was built using the "snowball" method, the survey of respondents was conducted using semi-structured biographical interviews. The subjects of the study were parishioners of urban and rural Orthodox churches (n = 23) – people born in the 1920s (n = 4), 1930s (n = 7), 1940s (n = 12). On the basis of the results of the study, the general description of the cases of "delayed conversion" to Orthodoxy of the age cohort of 70+ is proposed. The practices of conversion to Orthodoxy of this social group are described: mastered in the parental family; reproduced during the period of suspension of the development of Orthodox identity; intensifying the process of conversion in old age.

Village Self-Government in the Period 1944-1955 in an Anthropological Perspective: The Example of the Village of Dobri Do

Rural self-government is an insufficiently researched topic in domestic and foreign anthropological literature. What is more, the extent to which archives of local self-government bodies can be useful as sources for anthropological research has not been sufficiently studied. For this reason, an attempt was made to provide a contribution to a better understanding of these scientific issues on the example of the village of Dobri Do in the vicinity of Pirot, and on the basis of material in the Historical Archive of Pirot that refers to the work of the Local People's Committee in this village. The period after the Second World War was chosen, due to the state of the materials in the archival collections and the fact that the period was marked by numerous processes that highlighted scientific problems more clearly. It started from the assumption that the local self-government, as a mediator between the rural community and state authorities, was primarily directed towards protecting the interests of the rural community itself. The analysis showed that MNO archives can be very useful sources, and that they can be combined with classical anthropological research methods (participant observation, interview, biographical method). Nevertheless, a critical attitude must be taken towards this archival material, because it is incomplete, insufficiently conscientiously collected and organized. Based on the available material, it is possible to see many questions that have not been raised so far about the relationship between the local community and state institutions. Further research will show to what extent it is possible to improve the use of this material within ethnological and anthropological research.

The genocidal disruption of Johannes Jacob Manissadjian’s (1862–1942) lifework: a biographical approach to mass violence and indigenous knowledge production

ABSTRACT Relying on a biographical approach that reconstructs the life and work of Johannes [Hovhanness/Յովհաննէս] Jakob [Hagop/Յակոբ] Manissadjian [Manisacıyan/Մանիսաճեան] (1862–1942), a highly successful scientist at the Anatolia College (Merzifon/Marsovan/Մարզվան), who established a meteorological station and a natural history museum with an extensive collection of specimens, the paper traces the routes of disappearance, dispersal and ruination of indigenous lives, people, and knowledge within the context of the Armenian genocide. Drawing on documents from Ottoman, German, and American archives, I stress the potential of biographical methods to study the processes and structures of mass violence targeting the Ottoman Armenians, as well as to foreground the agency and subjectivity of genocide survivors. The article also focuses on post-genocide scientific (dis)engagements of Manissadjian in light of Theodor W. Adorno’s ‘after Auschwitz’ discussions and from the perspective of indigenous knowledge production. In particular, his two ‘archival acts’ in the post-genocide context, the ‘Catalogue’ of the collection of the Anatolia College Museum that he prepared as ‘the former Curator’ and his small pamphlet entitled Proverbs of Turkey, which provided an ethnographic portrait of Anatolia, were his humble acts of saving a treasure trove of knowledge that was in danger of becoming debris.

A RETROSPECTIVE OF PILGRIMAGE LITERATURE AS A COMMUNICATION GUIDE TO THE WORLD OF SACRED CULTURE

The purpose of the article is to examine the pilgrimage genre in literature as a social and communication guide in the world of contemporary sacred culture from a communication perspective. Different types of guidebooks are considered, i.e., interviews, travelogues, diaries, records, review texts, memoirs, notes, and pilgrimage travel notes are given as a necessary communication tool during a pilgrimage. The research methodology consists of descriptive (using observation and interpretation techniques), historical and literary, and biographical methods of analyzing pilgrimage literature. The author used the analytical-descriptive method, which consists in the selection, description and analysis of data; the system-structural method helped to arrange the works of different genres and apply them according to the subject in chronological order, reproducing the logical sequence of the material presented. The scientific novelty of the article involves expanding the concept of pilgrimage and the pilgrimage genre in literature as a social and communication guide to the world of contemporary sacred culture based on pilgrimage guides, diaries, memoirs, pilgrimage notes, and other sacred literature. Conclusions. In the article, the author examines the multi-genre works of pilgrimage literature as a communication guide to the sacred world in order to encourage the transformation from a book or a movie to a real pilgrimage for those who have such an opportunity. The article analyzes pilgrimage records, guidebooks, diaries, travelogues, novels, novellas, short stories, and pilgrimage notes to study pilgrimage from a communication perspective for different categories of pilgrims. As a rule, various categories of pilgrims and representatives of different professions go on sacred journeys, and then they write memoirs, pilgrimage texts, songs, scripts for future plays and films, and artists reproduce all details in artworks, and thus pilgrimage penetrates all spheres of an individual’s cultural life, which indicates the highly spiritual component of such journeys. Before going on a pilgrimage, you need to prepare thoroughly, both physically and spiritually, so that guides allow you to follow the trail of others and then plan your sacred journey relatively well. You will never return from a pilgrimage the same as you were before because such travels utterly change the vector of your life. Observing different groups of pilgrims, we can conclude that they all have one thing in common: spiritual enrichment, purification from sins and temptations, and the achievement of catharsis, which will be present in the everyday life of each of us for as long as possible. These works can keep living in ideas for film scripts about pilgrimage, thus expanding their socio-cultural horizons.

History of studying essential oil crops

The article provides a historical overview of the formation and development of the essential oil industry. The main attention is paid to the history of scientific research of essential oil and medicinal plants. Our ancestors may have instinctively selected certain herbs for healing, just as sick animals today seek out plants they wouldn't normally eat. Based on an analysis of the current state, the need has been determined and the priority tasks have been formed for a full-scale revival of essential oil production in the Russian Federation.The problem tatement: in the republics of the former USSR, a number of essential oil plants were cultivated: coriander, lavender, essential oil rose, sage and others. In the 1970-80s the area of cultivation of essential oil plants exceeded 200 thousand hectares. At the same time, the demand for essential oils and other essential oil products was not fully satisfied. With the collapse of the USSR, the essential oil industry declined. The growing areas for most of the essential oil crops ended up on the territory of the newly formed independent states. The cultivation and processing of essential oils in Russia decreased significantly.The goal of the research is substantiation and acquisition of knowledge about the history of emergence and development of essential oil plants, herbal medicine, active substances as a tool for developing a common problem and combining the scientific, industrial and innovative potential of all interested parties.The research methods used are source study, historical-typological and biographical methods. The research results: the opportunity to gain new knowledge about the history of the origin and distribution of essential oil plants, and the creation of a huge food base for animals and people.

A prominent Russian public figure of the XIX century N.V. Shelgunov and his pedagogical views. To the 200th anniversary of his birth

Annotation. The relevance of the research lies in the characterization of the pedagogical ideas of the prominent Russian pedagogical figure, progressive publicist of the second half of the XIX century N.V. Shelgunov (1824-1891), which are currently of theoretical and practical interest to workers in the field of education in connection with the reform of this most important sphere of the spiritual life of society. The purpose of the study is to analyze the content of Shelgunov's pedagogical views; critical assessments expressed by him in relation to a number of works by figures of Russian education of his time (I.I. Paulson, L.N. Tolstoy, V.I. Vodovozov, etc.) are given. An assessment of Shelgunov's contribution to Russian pedagogical thought is shown. The article was prepared in connection with the 200th anniversary of his birth. Materials and methods. The author uses methods of analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature and the biographical method, as well as historical and axiological (value) methodological approaches. During the work on the material, a number of sources of Russian and foreign researchers, as well as N.V. Shelgunov himself, were used. Results. N.V. Shelgunov entered Russian history as a prominent social democratic figure, as the author of deep, acute and interesting publications that were discussed by the advanced part of Russian society and to a certain extent contributed to the formation of public opinion in Russia in the second half of the XIX century, expressed both in the formulation of consciously expressed demands to the authorities from the progressive part of society, in particular, in the issue of opening new educational institutions, and in connection with the assessment of the quality of textbooks and teaching aids produced for the national school. Shelgunov noted positive sides of school books and their disadvantages. His sharp criticism of activities of the ministry of public education and its head, D.A. Tolstoy, stimulated the advanced part of the then Russian intelligentsia to practice in the interests of educational development. Up to the present time, Shelgunov's articles are of interest, characterizing in historical terms the path traversed by Russian education. Discussion and сonclusions. In his writings, Shelgunov analyzed methodological manuals and study books by I.I. Paulson, V.I. Vodovozov, L.N. Tolstoy and other scientists, gave them an objective, and sometimes critical assessment. He criticized also the state of women education in Russia, although by that time many educational institutions for women had opened. His articles "Letters on education", "What women don't know", etc., were highly appreciated by experts; they became the starting point for subsequent generations of Russian scientists and teachers to develop problems of education, including family education. Public figure and pedagogical publicist N.V. Shelgunov proved himself as one of the most prominent representatives of the revolutionary democratic movement in Russia in the second half of the XIX century. Having joined the organization "Land and Freedom", he carried out practical activities aimed, as he believed, at improving the lives of the people. His pedagogical works made a significant contribution to the treasury of pedagogical knowledge, primarily in the field of the history of education and organization of education of Russian citizens.

CONFLICT OF REALITY AND FANTASTIC FICTION IN THE STORY OF ALEXEY N. TOLSTOY “COUNT CALIOSTRO”

The article examines the story “Count Cagliostro” by Alexei Nikolaevich Tolstoy, completed during the emigration period: based on a real historical fact (the visit to Russia in 1779-1780 of the Italian adventurer Giuseppe Balsamo, who called himself Count Cagliostro), it combines reality with fantastic fiction, and turning to works using a fantastic element is very relevant today. At first glance, the complex vicissitudes of life should have determined the preference of fantasy over reality, but in “Count Cagliostro” fantastic fiction enters into a conflicting relationship with the world of reality, proof of this thesis becomes the purpose of the article. Using problematic, comparative-contrastive, cultural-historical, chronological, and biographical methods, the author solves the goal by comparing “Count Cagliostro” with the story written at the same time – A.N. Tolstoy’s “Nikita’s Childhood” and the previously created poem by A.K. Tolstoy – “Portrait”, a simultaneous comparison of these works has not been previously made and represents the scientific novelty of the presented article. The author comes to the conclusion that in difficult times of moral searches A.N. Tolstoy does not want to hide from life’s problems in the world of a fantasy universe; the conflict between reality and fantastic fiction is resolved in favor of the triumph of real earthly love. This ability to prefer harsh reality to fairy-tale fiction will affect both the subsequent work and the life path of A.N. Tolstoy.

Problems of studying historical personalities and socio-political activities of Khairetdin Bolganbaev

At the present stage, historians are actively discussing the problems of relationships and mutual influences of history and biography. In our opinion, this is explained by noticeable changes in historical science, which have caused significant reorientations of research interests, the discovery of new subjects and topics of biographical research, as well as new directions and methods. Taking these factors into account, this article attempts to consider some of the most frequently discussed theoretical and methodological problems, including the modern ideas of historians about biography, its goals and objectives, the role and significance of biographical research for historical science. If you look closely at the history of the twentieth century, the Kazakh intelligentsia has given birth to many outstanding, bright personalities, and one of them is Khairetdin Bolganbaev. In this regard, in the article, based on the biographical method, the authors identified the place and role of Kh. Bolganbaev in the reconstruction and development of Kazakh society at the beginning of the 20th century.

RECEPTION OF AUBREY BEARDSLEY’S WORK IN THE NOVEL “THE APES OF GOD” BY WYNDHAM LEWIS

The article is devoted to the study of Wyndham Lewis’s perception of Aubrey Beardsley’s graphic and literary works. We apply an aesthetic-poetological method and historical-literary method and biographical method. The comparison of Beardsley’s novels «Under the Hill» and Lewis’s «The Apes of God» is associated with the experience of graphic creativity of the authors, with their interest in Catholicism, with parody and the grotesque. An analysis of direct references to Beardsley in the context of “table talk” and aphorisms of Wilde, Beardsley and Whistler shows that Lewis does not completely deny the experience of the 1890s. Rather Lewis pays a lot of attention to them in the form of reminiscences, following the aesthetics of objectivity. If the era of 1890s is characterized in Lewis’s novel with the help of food metaphors, then the pictures of modernity are created with the help of battle, military vocabulary. Lewis characterizes fictional heroes of the 20th century through the artists of the nineties of the 19th century – Beardsley, Wilde, Whistler, Leverson. If Wilde and Whistler are recognized by Lewis in the artistic world of the novel through Pierpoint, Zagreus and Osmund, then the name of Aubrey Beardsley is more associated with the image of Sib. The heroine of the novel (whose prototype is Ada Leverson) is created through characteristics reminiscent of Beardsley’s drawings, which combine masses of black and white and which are associated with the tradition of the «Fetes Galantes».

The life path of G.H. Bumagin

Importance. In 2024, G.H. Bumagin, secretary of the Leningrad and Novgorod regional Committees of the CPSU(b), who played a very important role in many events of the Battle for Leningrad, as well as in the restoration of the Novgorod region in the first post-war years and actively studying the activities of the partisans and underground workers of the Leningrad region in the last years of his life, will turn 120 years old. Now, there are no biographical fundamental works about him, and in books and articles, researchers most often described his work during the Great Patriotic War and in the first post-war years. The purpose of the study is to examine in detail his life path. Its tasks are to establish life periods and their chronological framework, to determine the criteria for choosing chronological frameworks, to describe each life period and its features, to establish the results and contribution of G.H. Bumagin to the events that he participated in.Materials and Methods. The research is based on archival materials from the Central State Archive of Historical and Political Documents of St. Petersburg and the Novgorod Museum-Reserve. A descriptive-narrative, biographical methods, analysis and periodization are used for it.Results and Discussion. Based on archival materials, it is possible to describe the formation of G.H. Bumagin as the party leader of the Leningrad region before the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War and the development of his career path. In addition, his work on the formation of the resistance movement in the first months of the Battle for Leningrad, the leadership of the Commission of the eastern districts of the Leningrad region and the leadership of the Novgorod region in the first post-war years is described.Conclusion. G.H. Bumagin had a difficult fate. A guy from a poor family who lived almost halfstarved, made every effort to get out into the world. He decided to do this by serving in the Red Army. Thanks to her, he was able to develop a political career in Leningrad and became secretary of the Leningrad and then Novgorod Regional Party Committee. They tried to blacken his name during the Leningrad case. Even though he was imprisoned without any evidence, he endured adversity with his family and, after rehabilitation, adjusted his life. When he retired, he had another front of work – studying the Resistance movement, which he led in the first months of the war. His accumulated material and work experience were subsequently useful for compiling memoirs and reports on the history of the partisan and underground movements of the Leningrad, Novgorod and Pskov regions. He left valuable materials after his death, which formed the basis not only for this article, but also for other historical works.

СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН НАУКОВОГО ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ КРИМІНАЛЬНО-ПРАВОВОЇ БІОГРАФІСТИКИ В УКРАЇНІ

The article analyzes the current state of scientific research in criminal legal biography in Ukraine. The author defines criminal legal biography as a branch of biographical science which studies the peculiarities of formation, formation and development of fundamental criminal law doctrines, ideas, views and concepts of leading criminalists, taking into account their life biography, in particular, public, state, political, scientific and scientific-pedagogical activities. The author identifies the main areas of development of criminal law biography, in particular, writing dissertations, preparing monographic studies, compiling (organizing) editions of selected works and biographies (bibliographies) of leading criminalists. The first area in criminal law biography – conducting dissertation research on the criminal law (including criminological and criminal executive) heritage of prominent representatives of Ukrainian legal science. The second area in criminal legal biography – conducting monographic studies of the peculiarities of the formation and development of individual scientific schools in Ukrainian criminal law, criminology and criminal executive law. The third area in criminal legal biography is the compilation (arrangement) of publications (selected works, selected works, biographies (bibliographies), etc.) covering generalizations of the criminal legal (including criminological and criminal executive) heritage of certain leading representatives of Ukrainian legal science, in particular, containing both the full content and certain fragments of abstracts, articles, monographs, manuals, scientific and practical commentaries, textbooks, etc. The author outlines the prospects for the development of criminal law biography in Ukraine. Key words: biography, science, biographical method, law, research, criminal law heritage, doctrine, ideas, views, concepts, criminal law, criminology, criminal executive law.

The life path of Irma Carrica: An approach to the political and health debates of the 1960s and 1970s using the biographical method

We reconstruct the life path of the Argentine nurse and popular activist Irma Carrica, understood as a political-professional experience tied to her social networks and marked by conflicts and contradictions inherent to her historical context. From this analytical perspective and considering the precautions suggested by the biographical method of social sciences, we delve into the political and health debates of the 1960s and 1970s, particularly concerning disputes over the meaning of "community" in the health field. Specifically, we focus on the contributions of a collective historical actor - heterogeneous and plural, yet identifiable in its various forms - that we have termed the Peronist Left in health. By analyzing their professional and intellectual networks, we emphasize the role played by Irma Carrica as a representative of this Peronist Left in health, in constructing alternative dynamics for community health approaches, which challenged the dominant epistemological and pedagogical paradigms.

Історіографічні рефлексії опонентів Р. Конквеста: суб’єктивна і об’єктивна критика

The purpose of the article is to reveal the contradictory historiographic reflections of the opponents of the famous American researcher of Stalinist political terror and the Holodomor Robert Conquest, subjective assessments and scientific criticism. The research methodology consists of the principle of historicism and an interdisciplinary approach, methods of comparative historiographical analysis of sources, as well as elements of the "theory of reflections". General scientific methods (deductions, inductions), concrete-historical (chronological, problem-thematic), textology and scientific biographical methods are used. The applied task of the article is to resolve the conflicting assessments of the role and place of the Ukrainian scientific community in America and Conquest personally in the study of the Holodomor, refuting the scientist's subjective criticism. The scientific novelty is due to the goal and task of the analytical article, the formulation of the problem in the context of historiographical reflection, that is, the identification of subjective criticism of the scientific work of the Conquest, especially its interpretation of the causes and consequences of the Holodomor. Western literature has many works, the authors of which expressed a critical attitude to the scientific-historical interpretation of the scientist's Soviet political system, Stalin's regime, and mass terror. Our task was to establish the signs of motivated criticism of key problems: the causes of Stalin's terror, the concept and phenomenon of famine-genocide, the historiographic origin of the term "terror by hunger." The subject focus, rather than a descriptive and bibliographic review of the Scientist's works, seemed more constructive to us. The Conclusions emphasize Conquest's significant contribution to the historiography of the Holodomor, the presence in its approaches of elements of self-reflection, a restrained and balanced assessment of the historical forms of genocide, the avoidance of any ideological dependence, and a tolerant attitude to other opinions. The opponents' arguments turned out to be unconvincing, sometimes subjective and biased. They related to specific historical facts and events that revealed the worldview and political preferences of the opponents themselves. Conquest recognized objective criticism, especially regarding the number of victims of Stalin's terror. His calculations were not "random", but academically weighted, based on official statistics, historical literature, memoirs, and Soviet periodicals. The publication of his works in Soviet scientific journalism magazines of the late 1980s meant "objective" recognition of his merits, refutation of "subjective" criticism and accusations of "falsification".

Sergey V. Kravkov as a psychologist and psychophysiologist: milestones of scientific biography (to the 130th anniversary of the birth)

The article is prepared for the 130th anniversary of the birth of S.V. Kravkov (1893–1951), a preeminent Russian scientist, experimental psychologist and specialist in the field of psychophysiology of vision. The subject of this historical and psychological study is the period of his professional development between 1916 and 1935. The biographical method is used. The materials from the Archive of Russian Academy of Sciences, works of S.V. Kravkov, memories and assessments of other scientists are used. Information about his family and personality is provided. The employment positions and types of professional activities of S.V. Kravkov in the first 20 years of his work are identified. The prerequisites for the scientist’s transition from an initially wide range of psychological issues to light engineering and the psychophysiology of vision as the central area of his applied and fundamental research are revealed. The originality of the method of introspection in experimental studies of vision in the scientist’s works is shown. It is concluded that P.P. Lazarev had a predominant influence on S.V. Kravkov’s scientific development as a specialist in the field of physiological optics and psychophysiology of vision.

Textured pattern belts on pictures of the Semeiskie people from Transbaikal

An analysis of the regional, cultural and technological observations is proposed in the article with the aim of preserving a unique phenomenon of the textured pattern belts of the Semeiskie people from Transbaikal. The work is based on personal photo archives of residents of the village of Bichura in the Republic of Buryatia and interviews with them. Photographs are used as an auxiliary source to visualize belts in the folk costume complex. An analysis of digital images of photographs from the beginning of the 20th century to the 1980s is presented. Despite the insufficient quality of the photographs by modern standards they represent a valuable source. In terms of statistics on the use of a traditional men's suit (an obvious replacement for the civilian leather belt) age and gender limits for wearing, as well as the preservation of traditional ornamentation. The scientific novelty of the study consists in systematization and generalization of heterogeneous information, which allows to analyze images according to the author's method of describing textured pattern belts. The geometric elements of the pattern, the composition, the principle of constructing the ornament, the approximate number of woven threads. Photographic materials from personal and museum archives have been introduced into scientific circulation. A comparison of the belt ornamentation in the photographs with real samples is made. It is preliminary established that there is no basis for dividing the belts by gender and age. The results are obtained using content analysis, visual analysis, comparative-typological, comparative, biographical methods and the formalization method. The analysis of the content of the images is based on the identification of visual elements that are significant from the point of view of the problem at hand, the frequency of their appearance in the selected collection of images and subsequent analysis of the quantitative results.

About the ways of giving musical meaning

The article is devoted to the analysis of the concept of "musical meaning", which conceptualizes the way a musical work is given in terms of its formal and meaningful features. The relevance of studying this issue is determined by the importance that the original version of the composition created by the composer has for further development of the musical fabric – both on the part of the performer and the audience of listeners. The purpose of the study is to determine approaches to the specifics of the existence of music, which is not directly reduced to sound and at the same time is realized in sound. Accordingly, the objectives of the study included 1) to identify and compare the most significant definitions of musical meaning, to establish the place of intonation in its physical, aesthetic and spiritual-intellectual disclosure; 2) to describe the means of expression that contribute to the achievement of technical and directly artistic goals; 3) to substantiate the nature of the connection of intonation with general musical and extra-musical phenomena. The research methodology is based on the philosophical theory of music as a temporary art. Categorical analysis was used in combination with elements of the biographical method and the method of included observation. The methods of private disciplines such as musicology, musical psychology, and communication theory are also used. The study shows the paradoxical nature of musical meaning, which is both set and at the same time elusive, requires strict restrictions – and at the same time organizes musical material through creatively free activity. The novelty of the work consists in clarifying the range of philosophical approaches to the "elusive" concept of musical meaning, in an attempt to find invariants of various interpretations of this concept based on a comprehensive analysis of the existence of musical meaning combining physical, emotional and spiritual-intellectual processes. The results obtained allow us to substantiate the specifics of performing skills, which includes not only the depth of understanding of the author's idea, but also the ability to find acceptable limits of variability of interpretations based on "semantic constants" captured by the creator of the work and recorded in his text in the form of notes. The communicative conditions of place and time also play a role, concentrating the national peculiarities of reading the musical meaning.

The Pushkin Myth in modern literature for children (based on the works of K. Strelnikova, M. Bershadskaya, Ai eN (Irina Krestyeva))

The article presents an understanding of the functioning and role of the Pushkin myth in modern Russian children's literature. In the book of short stories by Kristina Strelnikova "The Magnificent Wreath of Wreaths", Maria Bershadskaya "Pushkin and Company" (the tenth story from the cycle "Big Little Girl"), the novella "P.Ushkin and Pixels" by AI eN (Irina Krestyeva), the story of Ksenia Dragunskaya "Pushkin is urgently needed!" Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin appears not only in the image of a great poet. His presence in modern texts for children, on the one hand, is due to the presence of the Pushkin myth in culture as a whole, on the other – the early acquaintance of children with the work and facts of the poet's biography. The specificity of the image of the personality and creativity of A.S. Pushkin is due to the peculiarities of children's perception: the biography and creativity of the writer are transferred to the everyday sphere. During the research, historical, cultural, comparative and biographical methods of literary criticism were used. A.S. Pushkin in modern literature for children and adolescents is transformed from the image of a brilliant writer into the image of a friend whose everyday life is no less interesting and fascinating than his works. The texts of K. Strelnikova, M. Bershadskaya, and Ai eN reflect the facts of Pushkin's biography (studying at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, marriage, duel), as well as his works (poems, fairy tales are quoted). The Pushkin myth is undoubtedly the most significant literary myth, the myth of genius in Russian culture, which does not lose its relevance over time, but on the contrary, is becoming increasingly widespread in the mass consciousness. Modern children's literature actively uses trends characteristic of "adult" literature, including mythologization, the inclusion of myths about the "new cultural hero", which, of course, is A.S. Pushkin.