Foreword: Vice Admiral John M. Poindexter, USN, Ret. Author's Foreword Acknowledgments Introduction Illustrations The Scanners (radio direction-finders and radio traffic analysts) Captain Thomas Averill Huckins, U.S. Navy (1901-1982) Captain John Alton Williams, U.S. Navy (1905-1962) The Book-breakers (cryptographers and codebreakers) Rear Admiral Bern Anderson, U.S. Navy (1900-1963) Commander Henry M. Anthony, U.S. Coast Guard (1902-1991) Captain Prescott Hunt Currier, U.S. Navy (1912-1994) Rear Admiral Jefferson Rice Dennis, U.S. Navy (1909-1958) Mrs. Agnes May Meyer Driscoll, U.S. Navy Civilian (1889-1971) Captain Thomas Tommy Harold Dyer, U.S. Navy (1902-1985) Captain Rudolph Joseph Fabian, U.S. Navy (1908-1984) Rear Admiral William Bernard Goggins, U.S. Navy (1904-1995) Captain Ernest Sidney Lewis Goodwin, U.S. Navy (1904-1992) Captain John Sylvester Harper, U.S. Navy (1900-1975) Captain Jack Sebastian Holtwick, Jr., U.S. Navy (1907-1987) Captain Linwood Sylvester Howeth, U.S. Navy (1902-1972) Rear Admiral Raymond Starr Lamb, U.S. Navy (1902-1957) Captain John Marion Lietwiler, U.S. Navy (1908-1978) Chief Radioman Walter Joseph McGregor, U.S. Navy (1906-1941) Captain Lee Wood Parke, U.S. Naval Reserve (1904-1986) Lieutenant James Warren Pearson, U.S. Navy (1910-1992) Captain Albert Joseph Pelletier, Jr., U.S. Navy (1914-1999) Vice Admiral Bernard Franklin Roeder, U.S. Navy (1911-1971) Captain Laurance Frye Safford, U.S. Navy (1890-1973) Rear Admiral Earl Everett Stone, U.S. Navy (1895-1989) Admiral Arthur Dewey Struble, U.S. Navy (1894-1983) Rear Admiral Robert Harper Weeks, U.S. Navy (1909-2003) Rear Admiral Joseph Numa Wenger, U.S. Navy (1901-1970) Captain Duane Lewis Whitlock, U.S. Navy (1917-2007) Vice Admiral Russell Willson, U.S. Navy (1883-1948) Captain Wesley Arnold Ham Wright, U.S. Navy (1902-1986) Rear Admiral Richard Dewey Zern, U.S. Navy (1905-1958) The Blue Sky Merchants (linguists, translators, and intelligence officers) Captain Forrest Rosecrans Tex Biard, U.S. Navy (1912-2009) Captain Henri de Balathier Claiborne, U.S. Navy (1903-1969) Rear Admiral Cecil Hengy Coggins, M.C., U.S. Navy (1902-1987) Captain Joseph Francis Finnegan, U.S. Navy (1905-1980) Rear Admiral Ranson Fullinwider, U.S. Navy (1905-1969) Brigadier General Bankson Taylor Holcomb, Jr., U.S. Marine Corps (1908-2000) Captain Wilfred Jay Jasper Holmes, U.S. Navy (1900-1986) Captain Stephen Jurika, Jr., U.S. Navy (1910-1993) Colonel Alva Bryan Red Lasswell, U.S. Marine Corps (1905-1988) Rear Admiral Edwin Thomas Layton, U.S. Navy (1903-1984) Rear Admiral Arthur Howard McCollum, U.S. Navy (1898-1976)Rear Admiral Kenneth Duval Ringle, U.S. Navy (1900-1963) Captain Fred Fremont Rogers, U.S. Navy (1884-1952) Lieutenant Commander Durwood Garland Tex Rorie, U.S. Navy (1909-1987) Captain William Joseph Sebald, U.S. Naval Reserve (1901-1980) Captain Gilven Max Slonim, U.S. Navy (1901-1977) Captain Henri Harold Smith-Hutton, U.S. Navy (1901-1977) Vice Admiral Rufus Lackland Taylor, Jr., U.S. Navy (1910-1978) Captain Edward Howe Watson, U.S. Navy (1874-1942) Rear Admiral Ethelbert Watts, U.S. Navy (1902-1966) Rear Admiral Ellis Mark Zacharias, Sr., U.S. Navy (1890-1961) The Hybrids (multi-skilled and multi-proficient) Captain Thomas Butler Birtley, Jr., U.S. Navy (1899-1956) Vice Admiral Howard Fithian Kingman, U.S. Navy (1890-1968) Captain Alwin Dalton Kramer, U.S. Navy (1903-1972) Rear Admiral Redfield Barnard Mason, U.S. Navy (1904-1995) Rear Admiral John Walter McClaran, U.S. Navy (1887-1948) Rear Admiral Gill MacDonald Richardson, U.S. Navy (1905-1988) Captain Joseph John Rochefort, U.S. Navy (1900-1976) Captain John George Roenigk, U.S. Navy (1912-1993) Appendices A. What's a Code, and What's a Cipher B. Chronology of Select Highlights, U.S. Navy Radio Intelligence, Pacific Area of Operations 1916-1941 C. Directors of U.S. Naval Intelligence, 1909-1942 D. Directors of U.S. Naval Communications, 1912-1942 E. U.S. Naval Attaches in Tokyo, 1914-1941 F. U.S. Navy, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, Office of Naval Communications, Section OP-20-G and its Antecedents G. Officers-in-Charge, Office of Naval Communications, Code and Signal Section, Research Desk, OP-20-GX H. Officers-in-Charge, Office of Naval Communications, Code and Signal Section, Translation Section, OP-20-GZ I. Growth of U.S. Naval Radio Intelligence J. U.S. Naval Radio Intelligence, Primarily Focused upon Japan, as of December 1941 K. Station HYPO, Territory of Hawaii L. U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps Japanese Language/Culture Officers Immersed in Japan, 1910-1941 M. The On the Roof Gang N. Operation Vengeance Suggested Reading Glossary Index