Biogenic Synthesis Of Silver Nanoparticles Research Articles

Biomedical applications of chitosan-coated phytogenic silver nanoparticles: An alternative drug to foodborne pathogens

The biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was performed using crude rosmarinic acid (RA) from plants as a reducing agent and coated with chitosan biopolymer. The prepared particles were characterized by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A surface plasmon resonance peak at 430 nm indicates the emergence of AgNPs. XRD showed that the AgNPs were crystalline with an average crystalline size of 30 nm and TEM studies revelad that AgNPs were spherical without aggregation. The prepared CS-AgNPs exhibited good bactericidal properties against foodborne pathogens, such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. In particular, 100 μg/mL CS-AgNPs inhibited the growth of the selected bacteria and controlled their biofilm-forming ability. Band-aid cloth assay confirmed that the CS-AgNPs could be used in the medical field to prevent bacterial infections. The prepared CS-AgNPs increased the survival rate of Artemia species and exhibited antioxidant activity in conjunction with bactericidal properties against selected foodborne pathogens.

Biogenic Syntheses of AgNPs With Leaf Extract Abution indicum and Its Application for Antimicrobial and Photocatalytic Activity

ABSTRACTThe biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with leaf extract Abution indicum was done, and those were characterized by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) with energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The analysis by UV–vis spectroscopy showed a peak of 450 nm, and DLS and zeta potential were utilized to determine the size distribution of the biosynthesized Abution indicum–AgNPs (AI‐AgNPs) with a size range of 24–37 nm, and the X‐ray diffraction peak 38.096o was used to confirm that the crystalline structure of AI‐AgNPs. Furthermore, the antipathogenic effect of synthesized AgNPs and standard antibiotic (Ciprofloxacin) as studied the positive control in different types of bacterial pathogens likes Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia Coli, with the zone of inhibition values of 9 mm. The synthesized AgNPs displayed excellent photocatalytic activity against reactive blue under sunlight than a UV light irradiation, and maximum degradation of 43% was achieved with 66 min of reaction time. In view of promising activity, the AgNPs could be used photocatalyst for the degradation of dyes in wastewater, and pomegranate leaf extract can be applied as eco‐benign and cost‐effective approach for AgNPs synthesis. Hence, the current findings suggest that Abutilon indicum is a valuable source for tailoring the potential of AgNPs toward various enhanced biological, photocatalytic, and adsorption activities. Consequently, the plant biological molecule‐mediated synthesized AI‐AgNPs could be excellent contenders for future therapeutic applications.

Evaluation of the anti-breast cancer properties of Origanum majorana aqueous extract green-mediated nanoparticles

This research details the synthesis of biogenic silver nanoparticles utilizing Origanum majorana as a supporting material. The leaves of the plant served as a natural reducing agent and a proficient stabilizer for the generated silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). The formulated NPs were analyzed through the analysis of their physicochemical properties utilizing UV–Vis, FT-IR, and FE-SEM techniques. The investigation of the antioxidant characteristics of the Ag NPs was followed using the DPPH assay. The results revealed that the silver nanoparticles exhibited considerable antioxidant activity, as evidenced by the IC50 value. Recent findings suggest that the effectiveness of nanoparticles in treating human breast cancer can be linked to their antioxidant characteristics. An evaluation was followed on the ability of biologically synthesized Ag NPs to combat breast cancer in various cell lines. The silver nanoparticles exhibited significant anti-breast cancer properties, successfully eradicating the MCF10 cancer cell line in a manner that was influenced by both time and concentration, as assessed through the MTT assay. Ag NPs facilitate cell apoptosis, a process linked to elevated levels of pro-apoptotic markers, including Bax and cleaved caspase-8, while concurrently reducing the concentration of the anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2. Furthermore, silver nanoparticles exhibit a decrease in colony formation in comparison to the respective control group. The examination of molecular pathways in cells exposed to Ag NPs revealed a significant elevation in p53 expression, coupled with a decrease in both total and phosphorylated levels of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) in the studied cell lines. This suggests that p53 and STAT3 play essential roles in the biological responses triggered by the extract in human breast cancer cells.

Metallic nanoentities: Bio-engineered silver, gold, and silver/gold bimetallic nanoparticles for biomedical applications

This present study reports the biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and Ag/Au bimetallic nanoparticles (BNPs) using bark extract of plant Tamarix aphylla (T.A). The bark extract contained total polyphenolic compounds and total flavonoids as 0.0362 mg/mg and 0.2928 mg/mg of the dried bark extract respectively. Silver nitrate (AgNO3) and hydrogen tetra chloroaurate trihydrate (HAuCl4.3H2O) were used as precursors while deionised water and methanol (CH3OH) were used as solvents. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized through UV–visible spectroscopy, SEM (scanning electron microscopy), TEM (transmission electron microscopy) and FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) for their morphology, structure, and identification of different functional groups. The UV–visible spectra of AgNPs, AuNPs and Ag/Au BNPs showed peaks at 436, 532 and 527 nm respectively due to the excitation of Surface Plasmon Resonance. SEM and TEM images showed spherical and well distributed nanoparticles (NPs) with particle size as 29 nm (AgNPs), 13 nm (AuNPs) and 26 nm (Ag/Au BNPs). The synthesized NPs are significantly active against inhibition of free radicals, α-amylase, α-glucosidase and have anti inflammatory potential with AgNPs having the highest percent activity at 400 μg/ml, followed by Ag/Au BNPs. The same trend (AgNPs > Ag/AuBNPs > AuNPs) has been observed at all concentrations i.e. 100 μg/ml, 200 μg/ml and 400 μg/ml. AuNPs have shown lowest activity at all concentrations. So the current study strongly confirms use of T.A bark extract as reducing agent for synthesis of metal NPs and opens up a new possibility of using these green synthesized NPs as biomedicines. We also suggest further in vivo investigation to report any side effects if present.

Aspergillus fumigatus-induced biogenic silver nanoparticles' efficacy as antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents with potential anticancer activity: an in vitro investigation

A worldwide hazard to human health is posed by the growth of toxic bacteria that have contaminated fresh, processed, cereal, and seed products in storage facilities. As the number of multidrug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms rises, we must find safe, and effective antimicrobials. The use of green synthesis nanoparticles to combat microbial pathogens has gained a rising interest. The current study showed Aspergillus fumigatus was applied as a promising biomass for the green synthesis of biogenic silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs). The UV-visible spectra of biosynthesized Ag NPs appeared characteristic surface plasmon absorption at 475 nm, round-shaped with sizes ranging from 17.11 to 75.54 nm and an average size of 50.37 ± 2.3 nm. In vitro tests were conducted to evaluate the antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer effects of various treatment procedures for Ag NP applications. The synthesized Ag NPs was revealed biological activity against Aspergillus flauvas, A. niger, Bacillus cereus, Candida albicans, Esherichia coli, Pseudomonas aerugonosa, and Staphylococcus aureus under optimum conditions. The test bacteria were sensitive to low Ag NPs concentrations. (5, 10, 11, 8, 7, 10, and 7 mg/mL) was observed for the mentioned-before tested microorganisms, respectively. The bacterial pathogens described above experienced their biofilm formation effectively suppressed by Ag NPs at sub-inhibitory doses. Ag NPs were tested using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to verify their antibacterial efficacy towards S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. These findings clearly show how harmful Ag NPs are to pathogenic bacteria. The Ag NPs showed antitumor activity with IC50 at 5 μg/mL against human HepG-2 and MCF-7 cellular carcinoma cells, while 50 mg/mL was required to induce 70% of normal Vero cell mortality. These findings imply that green synthetic Ag NPs can be used on cancer cell lines in vitro for anticancer effect beside their potential as a lethal factor against some pathogenic microbes.

Probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-LS): A sustainable approach and multifaceted biomedical application

Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has emerged as an eco-friendly and sustainable approach with diverse biological applications. This study presents synthesis of AgNPs-LS using a probiotic strain Lactobacillus salivarius (L. salivarius) and explores their multifaceted biological activities, including antibacterial, antibiofilm, anti-quorum sensing, antifungal, antioxidant, anticancer, anticoagulant and thrombolytic properties. The biosynthesis of AgNPs-LS was successfully achieved using L. salivarius cell free supernatants, resulting in well-characterized nanoparticles as confirmed by UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential analysis. The AgNPs-LS demonstrated potent antibacterial activity against different pathogenic bacteria (C. violaceum, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, E. coli and S. marcescens), emphasizing their potential in combating bacterial infections. Moreover, these AgNPs-LS were effective in inhibiting biofilm formation (>60 % at 1/2 MIC), a key mechanism of bacterial virulence, highlighting their utility in preventing biofilm-related infections. AgNPs-LS exhibited anti-quorum sensing activity, disrupting bacterial communication systems and potentially reducing virulence factor such as, violacein production in C. violaceum, pyocyanin production in P. aeruginosa and prodigiosin production in S. marcescens. Additionally, AgNPs-LS also exhibited notable antifungal activity towards a different pathogenic fungus (F. proliferatum, P. purpurogenum, A. niger and R. stolonifer). In terms of health applications, the AgNPs-LS displayed significant antioxidant activity, effectively scavenging DPPH• (IC50 = 42.65 μg/mL) and ABTS•+ (IC50 = 53.77 μg/mL) free radicals. Furthermore, AgNPs-LS showed cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells (MCF-7) (IC50 = 52.29 μg/mL), positioning them as promising candidates for cancer therapy. Moreover, AgNPs-LS were also shown promising anticoagulant and thrombolytic activities under practical conditions. Therefore, the biogenic synthesis of AgNPs-LS using L. salivarius offers a sustainable and cost-effective route for producing AgNPs with an array of biological activities. These AgNPs-LS have the potential to address various challenges in healthcare, ranging from antimicrobial, anticancer applications to biofilm inhibition, antioxidant therapy, anticoagulant and thrombolytic agents.

Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles of Cissus woodrowii inhibit proliferation of cancer cells through induction of apoptosis pathway

The purpose of this study was biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of Cissus woodrowii (CW-AgNPs) and exploration of their role in inhibition cell proliferation of breast cancer cells. Inhibitory effect of biogenic CW-AgNPs on cell proliferation of MCF-7 cells was determined by MTT assay. Apoptotic cell death was demonstrated by caspase-3 assay, DNA fragmentation assay, Annexin-V-FITC/PI staining assay and cell cycle arrest assay by flow cytometry. Expression of apoptosis-related genes including caspase-3, p53 and Bcl2 was studied by western blot analysis and semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Results of UV–Vis spectrum of colloidal solution of CW-AgNPs showed surface plasmon resonance peak at 430 nm. TEM and XRD results confirmed spherical shaped, 20–30 nm sized nanoparticles. Cell proliferation results showed inhibitory effects of CW-AgNPs on MCF-7 with IC50 (24 h) 8.48 µg/mL and (48 h) 7.11 µg/mL. The CW-AgNPs altered cell morphology of MCF-7 cells and induced apoptosis significantly which was evidenced through caspase-3 activation and nuclear DNA fragmentation. The results were supported by the observation of Annexin-V-FITC/PI staining and cell cycle arrest assays. The up-regulated expression of both p53 and caspase-3 genes and down-regulation of Bcl2 at both protein and mRNA level supported their role in induction of apoptosis in MCF-7 cells in response to CW-AgNPs. The findings obtained in current study supported the role of biogenic CW-AgNPs in inhibition of cell proliferation in breast cancer cells through induction of apoptosis.Graphical

Increased expression levels of PDGF and VEGF magnify the wound healing potential facilitated by biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles

Plant extract mediated biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has garnered considerable attention in nanotechnology due to its promising wound healing properties. This eco-friendly and cost-effective approach utilizes natural sources, such as the ethyl acetate extract of Nigella sativa L. (N. sativa) seeds, as a reducing agent. In this study, AgNPs were synthesized biogenically using N. sativa extract, and their wound healing potential was systematically assessed. Several methods for characterization are employed, incorporating ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis were utilized to confirm successful synthesis and provide insight into the chemical and physical properties of AgNPs. When compared to a control group, human keratinocytes treated with AgNPs exhibited significantly enhanced proliferation and migration. Additionally, AgNPs were observed to increase the expression of wound-healing factors, (such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)) as evidenced by western blot analysis. As a potent and naturally derived medicine for wound healing, AgNPs synthesized using N. sativa seed extract (ethyl acetate extract) potentially utilize the PDGF and VEGF signaling pathways to induce their therapeutic effects. Nevertheless, additional research is necessary to clarify the underlying mechanisms and assess the long-term safety and efficacy of this environmentally friendly method for producing AgNPs, which demonstrate remarkable wound-healing capabilities.

Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Burkholderia contaminans ZCC and mechanistic analysis at the proteome level

The biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by microorganisms has been a subject of increasing attention. Despite extensive studies on this biosynthetic pathway, the mechanisms underlying the involvement of proteins and enzymes in AgNPs production have not been fully explored. Herein, we reported that Burkholderia contaminans ZCC was able to reduce Ag+ to AgNPs with a diameter of (10±5) nm inside the cell. Exposure of B. contaminans ZCC to Ag+ ions led to significant changes in the functional groups of cellular proteins, with approximately 5.72% of the (C-OH) bonds being converted to (C-C/C-H) (3.61%) and CO (2.11%) bonds, and 4.52% of the CO (carbonyl) bonds being converted to (C-OH) bonds. Furthermore, the presence of Ag+ and AgNPs induced the ability of extracellular electron transfer for ZCC cells via specific membrane proteins, but this did not occur in the absence of Ag+ ions. Proteomic analysis of the proteins and enzymes involved in heavy metal efflux systems, protein secretion system, oxidative phosphorylation, intracellular electron transfer chain, and glutathione metabolism suggests that glutathione S-transferase and ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase iron-sulfur subunit play importance roles in the biosynthesis of AgNPs. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the functions exerted by glutathione S-transferase and ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase iron-sulfur subunits in the biogenesis of AgNPs, thereby hold immense potential for optimizing biotechnological techniques aimed at enhancing the yield and purity of biosynthetic AgNPs.

Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Solanum tuberosum peel and their potent antibacterial action

The utilisation of peel extracts for the biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles has garnered attention because of their economical and environmentally friendly attributes, along with their potential for large-scale production. Among the metallic nanoparticles, silver is highly efficient against various pathogens, biocompatible and easy to incorporate into medicinal applications. This investigation focuses on the use of Solanum tuberosum peel extract (commonly known as potato peel), for formation of silver nanoparticles. UV–visible spectrometry revealed a distinctive AgNP peak at 471 nm, while XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of nanosilver, featuring an average crystallite size of 13.65 nm. Additionally, FESEM imaging revealed a nearly spherical surface morphology of the AgNPs, with notable clusters. Significant FTIR peaks indicated the presence of phytoconstituents, which acted as effective reducing agents during the AgNP synthesis. To evaluate the antibacterial efficacy, the synthesised AgNPs were evaluated using the agar-well diffusion method against six bacterial strains, including both gram-positive and gram-negative strains, with concentrations of 100, 500 and 1000 µg/ml. The results were compared to streptomycin (control), which exhibited the most substantial inhibition zone at a concentration of 1000 µg/ml, for Staphylococcus aureus (8 mm), Streptococcus pneumoniae (10 mm), Streptococcus anginosus (10 mm), Bacillus subtilis (10 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12 mm) and Escherichia coli (8 mm) were observed. This study highlights an innovative approach to repurposing frequently produced biowaste (potato peel) into functional nanomaterials possessing significant antibacterial properties, thus underscoring a novel strategy for waste disposal and the environmentally responsible production of nanoparticles.

Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles from leaves extract of Decaschistia trilobata an endemic shrub and its application as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and dye reduction

The present work reports for the first time the use of Decaschistia trilobata Wight. as a reducing agent for synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). D. trilobata is an endemic shrub and grows seasonally in dry tropical biome, evergreen forests in hilly terrain of western ghats. One of the most fascinating metallic nanoparticles utilized in biological applications is AgNPs. In present work green synthesis of stable silver nanoparticles using Decaschistia trilobata (Dt-AgNPs) leaves extract as well as quantitative analysis of phytochemicals. The synthesized Dt-AgNPs were characterized and evaluated for their antioxidant anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and dye reduction.

Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles from the leaf extract of Enicostema axillare (Poir. ex Lam.) A. Raynal and its alpha amylase inhibition activity

Due to its numerous applications, commercial demand for silver nanoparticles produced by biological means is rising. This procedure has no adverse effects, is inexpensive, takes little time, and is non-toxic. The current work uses leaf extracts from Enicostema axillare (Mamajavo) to synthesise silver nanoparticles. The nanoparticles may be characterised by UV–VIS, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, and EDAX. The effectiveness of the screening inhibition assay and alpha-amaylase inhibitory activities is assessed using methanolic leaf extracts and silver nanoparticles. The outcome shows that AgNps exhibit aggregates of grains with a restricted size distribution range between 60 and 80 nm. In comparison to leaf extract, silver nanoparticles made from methanolic leaf extracts have high alpha-amaylase inhibitory action. This study showed that Enicostema axillare's AgNps decrease in the presence of alpha-amylase inhibitors.

Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Rubus fruticosus extract and their antibacterial efficacy against Erwinia caratovora and Ralstonia solanacearum phytopathogens.

In the current research, we produced green, cost-effective, eco-friendly silver nanoparticles using a single-step approach. Plants are considered highly desirable systems for nanoparticle synthesis because they possess a variety of secondary metabolites with significant reduction potential. In the current research, the dried leaf extract of Rubus fruticosus was utilized as a capping and reducing agent for the fabrication of silver nanoparticles, to prepare reliable biogenic silver nanoparticles and subsequently to investigate their potential against some common phytopathogens. The prepared silver nanoparticles were exploited to quantify the total flavonoid content (TFC), total phenolic content (TPC) and DPPH-based antioxidant activity. Different concentrations of aqueous extracts of plant leaves and silver nitrate (AgNO3) were reacted, and the color change of the reactant mixture confirmed the formation of Rubus fruticosus leaf-mediated silver nanoparticles (RFL-AgNPs). A series of characterization techniques such as UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray diffraction revealed the successful synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The surface plasmon resonance peak appeared at 449 nm. XRD analysis demonstrated the crystalline nature, EDX confirmed the purity, and TEM demonstrated that the nanoparticles are mostly spherical in form. Furthermore, the biosynthesized nanoparticles were screened for in vitro antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity, and total phenolic and flavonoid content. The nanoparticles were used in different concentrations alone and in combination with plant extracts to inhibit Erwinia caratovora and Ralstonia solanacearum. In high-throughput assays used to inhibit these plant pathogens, the nanoparticles were highly toxic against bacterial pathogens. This study can be exploited for planta assays against phytopathogens utilizing the same formulations for nanoparticle synthesis and to develop potent antibacterial agents to combat plant diseases.

Biogenic silver nanoparticles' antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity on human hepatocarcinoma cells (Huh-7).

Exploring diverse synthetic pathways for nanomaterial synthesis has emerged as a promising direction. For example, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are synthesized using different approaches yielding nanomaterials with distinct morphological, physical and biological properties. Hence, the present study reports the biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the aqueous secretome of the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (AgNP@Fo) and orange peel extract (AgNP@OR). The physical and morphological properties of synthesized nanoparticles were similar, with AgNP@Fo measuring 56.43 ± 19.18 nm and AgNP@OR measuring 39.97 ± 19.72 nm in size. The zeta potentials for the nanoparticles were low, -26.8 ± 7.55 and -26.2 ± 2.87 mV for AgNP@Fo and AgNP@OR, respectively, demonstrating a similar negative charge. The spherical morphologies of both nanoparticles were evidenced by Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). However, despite their similar physical and morphological properties, AgNPs demonstrated different bioactivities. We evaluated and compared the antimicrobial efficacy of these nanoparticles against a range of bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. The AgNP@Fo showed Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values ranging from 0.84 to 1.68 μg mL-1 and were around ten times more potent compared to AgNP@OR. The anticancer activities of both nanoparticles were investigated using human hepatocarcinoma cells (Huh-7), where AgNP@Fo exhibited around 20 times higher cytotoxicity than AgNP@OR with an IC50 value of 0.545 μmol L-1. Anticancer effects were demonstrated by the MTT, confirmed by the calcein-AM assay and fluorescence imaging. This study establishes solid groundwork for future exploration of molecular interactions of nanoparticles synthesized through distinct biosynthetic routes, particularly within bacterial and cancerous cell environments.

Optimization of the Biogenic Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and their Application in the Degradation of Dyes

Using plant extracts for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is being recognized as a promising and environmentally sustainable approach. Plant extracts in producing AgNPs obviate cell culture maintenance and allow scalability in a non-aseptic setting. This work aims to identify the categories of phytochemicals and to conduct the biosynthesis and characterization of AgNPs utilizing extracts from the leaves and stems of Clinacanthus nutans. The present work involved the synthesis of AgNPs using aqueous extracts derived from the leaves (L) and stems (S) of C. nutans. This synthesis approach was chosen due to its non-toxic nature, cost-effectiveness, and environmentally favorable characteristics. The Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) examination revealed the presence of silver nanoparticles, denoted as AgNP-L and AgNP-S, which exhibited size ranges of 20 to 200 nm and 25 to 250 nm, respectively. The average sizes of AgNP-L and AgNP-S were determined to be 99.38 nm and 68.47 nm, respectively. The AgNP has shown remarkable degrading efficiency towards commercial dyes, namely Nile Blue (NB), with a removal rate of 94% within 110 minutes, and Reactive Yellow 160 (RY160), with a removal rate of 82% within 110 minutes. The extract derived from the Clinacanthus nutans exhibited considerably elevated concentrations of biologically active chemicals (Flavonoid and Phenolic). The utilization of biogenic AgNPs presents a significant prospect for the remediation of water resources polluted with industrial dye, owing to their notable reusability, photocatalytic effectiveness, and compatibility with environmentally friendly synthesis methods.

Effect of biofilm formation and cytotoxicity of biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized from a medicinal plant Sterculia foetida L.

The biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles mediated by medicinal plant Sterculia foetida was the prime experimental analysis of present study. The most important aim and focus of this study was to synthesis the AgNPs via biological method and the same had been evaluated against bio-film formation and dose dependent cyto-toxicity against cancer cells. This in vitro comprehensive analysis show that Ag had more advantage than other metals, the NPs was mediated by plant residue. And the NPs were further characterized by UV showing the sharp absorption peak at 455 nm; the identification of corresponding functional section proved by the parameter like FTIR, where conversion of Ag ions and capping agent is determined, the analysis on X- ray diffraction demonstrate the AgNPs found to be crystalline nature and face-centered like cubic structure. FESEM cum EDAX has showed the surface morphology with 40-50nm. After the physiochemical characterization, the AgNPs were evaluated with biofilm formation and cancer cells. In cyto-toxic study, two cell lines such as MCF 7 lung cancer cell line and A549 Breast cancer cell line were experimented and the values are AgNPs (IC50 =11.50± 0.05 µg and IC50 = 5.5± 0.05 µg/mL); AgNO3- (IC50 = 5.8± 0.05 µg and IC50 = 6.5± 0.05µg/mL) and Sterculia foetida (IC50 > 5000 µg/mL and IC50 < 5000 µg/mL). Another application of this present study is anti-biofilm assay. The selected bacterial strains are methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus; PA 14-Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio cholerae. Hence, the findings recommend that silver nanoparticles from medicinal plant Sterculia foetida is effective and can be used against bacteria and more precisely for cancer cell study.

Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using essential oil of aerial part of cyclospermum leptophyllum and their application in colorimetric determination of metallic ions

The focus of this research was to synthesize biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the essential oil of the aerial part of Cyclospermum leptophyllum (CLEO) and investigate their colorimetric determination of metallic ions. In the synthesis of CLEO mediated AgNPs (CLEO-AgNPs), the one-factor-at-a-time method was used to optimize the reaction parameters. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) peak of CLEO-AgNPs was determined at 426 nm. Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectra analysis identified the functional groups participating in the bio-reducing, capping, and stabilizing processes in the CLEO-AgNPs synthesis. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image demonstrated the predominately spherical shape and the average size of 70.86+1.80 nm of CLEO-AgNPs. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) peak profile depicted the presence of Ag elements in CLEO-AgNPs. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks observed at 38.5°, 44°, 65°, and 77° which represent Ag(111), Ag(200), Ag(220), and Ag(311) lattice faces, respectively. The average zeta nanosize, zeta potential, and polydispersity index of CLEO-AgNPs were determined as 69.70 nm, -43.5 mV, and 0.256, respectively. The stability test exhibited the prolonged storage stability of CLEO-AgNPs for over six months at room temperature. CLEO-AgNPs demonstrated the potential colorimetric detection of K+, Mg2+, Al3+, Cr6+, Mn2+, Fe3+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Hg2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+ ions in the real samples.
 KEY WORDS: Cyclospermum leptophyllum, Essential oil, Biogenic silver nanoparticles, Bio-reductants, Colorimetric detection 
 Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(1), 213-228. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i1.16

Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Sterculia foetida seed extract and evaluation of its therapeutic potential

Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Sterculia foetida seed extract and evaluation of its therapeutic potential

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Adhatoda vasica leaf extract and its application in photocatalytic degradation of dyes

The paper describes biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Adhatoda vasica leaf extracts at room temperature. The prepared AgNPs were characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Thermogravimetric analyser. The bio reduction method is devoid of any toxic chemicals, organic solvents, and external reducing, capping and stabilizing agent. The synthesized AgNPs had spherical shape with particle size ranging between 3.88 and 23.97 nm and had face centered cubic structure. UV–visible spectral analysis confirmed the formation of AgNPs with a characteristic surface plasmon resonance band at 419 nm. The EDX pattern revealed the presence of elemental Ag in AgNPs. The prepared AgNPs were used for degradation of Amaranth, Allura red and Fast green in aqueous medium, with ≥ 92.6% efficiency within 15 min using 5 mg of AgNPs. The optical bandgap, Eg value of 2.26 eV for AgNPs was found to be effective for rapid photocatalytic degradation of all the three dyes. The degradation process was observed to follow pseudo first order kinetics.

Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Sambucus nigra leaves: elucidation, antimicrobial, antioxidant activities and quantification of phenolics

Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Sambucus nigra leaves: elucidation, antimicrobial, antioxidant activities and quantification of phenolics