Biogenic Copper Nanoparticles Research Articles

Biogenic Copper Nanoparticles from Rosemary Leaf Extract of Antibacterial Impact

Rosemary leaf extract (RMLE) was employed for the eco-friendly biogenic synthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs@RMLE). The copper nanoparticles CuNPs@RMLE were characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy in solid state. The antibacterial effectiveness of CuNPs@RMLE was assessed against Gram-negative strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Escherichia coli (E. coli), as well as Gram-positive strains as Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). It is compared with the corresponding effectiveness exhibited by RMLE and copper(II).

Biogenic Copper Nanoparticles from combined leaf extracts of Catharanthus roseus (L.) and Abutilon indicum(L.) and their biological effects – an In vitro study

Plant-based (Green) synthesis of Copper nanoparticles is of much interest to researchers currently because of its important applications in various fields of biotechnology. In this study, the production of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) utilizing an ethanolic extract of Catharanthus roseus (L.) and Abutilon indicum (L.) leaves extract (CALE) and assess the therapeutical use of these nanoparticles. Preliminary phytochemical analysis was done by using this ethanolic crude extract of the combined plant. The phytochemical tests showed positive results for the phytochemicals alkaloids, phenols, tannins, terpenoids, and phytosterols. The leaf extract was used for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles and in the reduction and capping of the combined leaf extract CuNPs, it was discovered that the bioactive phytoconstituents condensed tannins, played a crucial role by the reduction of copper ions was identified by the change in color from blue to light green. SEM image showed the morphology and size of the nanoparticles and their binding ability with the combined leaf extracts. The spherical biogenic combined leaf extracts of CuNP’s were measured to have a size between 5 and 25 nm by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) examination, Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) showed maximum wavelength at 224nm and XRD showed three strong peaks for its crystallinity and maximum was observed at 2063.0. From their characterization of synthesized CuNPs anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory methods were assessed. The samples showed different diameters of zone of inhibition at different concentrations by using Ampicillin as positive control. The synthesized nanoparticles showed a concentration-dependent anti-inflammatory activity, and the protection percentage increased with an increase in the concentration of the samples.

Biogenic Copper Nanoparticles from Combined leaf extracts of Catharanthus roseus (L.) and Abutilon Indicum(L.) and their biological effects – an In vitro study

Plant-based (Green) synthesis of Copper nanoparticles is of much interest to researchers currently because of its important applications in various fields of biotechnology. In this study, the production of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) utilizing an ethanolic extract of Catharanthus roseus (L.) and Abutilon indicum (L.) leaves extract (CALE) and assess the therapeutical use of these nanoparticles. Preliminary phytochemical analysis was done by using this ethanolic crude extract of the combined plant. The phytochemical tests showed positive results for the phytochemicals alkaloids, phenols, tannins, terpenoids, and phytosterols. The leaf extract was used for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles and in the reduction and capping of the combined leaf extract CuNPs, it was discovered that the bioactive phytoconstituents condensed tannins, played a crucial role by the reduction of copper ions was identified by the change in color from blue to light green. SEM image showed the morphology and size of the nanoparticles and their binding ability with the combined leaf extracts. The spherical biogenic combined leaf extracts of CuNP’s were measured to have a size between 5 and 25 nm by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) examination, Ultraviolet-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) showed maximum wavelength at 224nm and XRD showed three strong peaks for its crystallinity and maximum was observed at 2063.0. From their characterization of synthesized CuNPs anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory methods were assessed. The samples showed different diameters of zone of inhibition at different concentrations by using Ampicillin as positive control. The synthesized nanoparticles showed a concentration-dependent anti-inflammatory activity, and the protection percentage increased with an increase in the concentration of the samples.

Synthesis, Characterization of Biogenic Copper Nanoparticles and Their Therapeutic Activity

Green synthesis of copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) is an economical, environmentally friendly and non-toxic approach that has been the subject of research in health and industry. Therefore, in this study, Cu NPs were synthesized using Pimpinella anisum (P.anisum) seed extract and their pharmacological activities were evaluated. Characterization of Cu NPs was performed by UV-vis, FT-IR and SEM-EDX analyses. Copper metal was reduced by reacting with the seed extract and reached the maximum peak at 385 nm in the UV-vis spectra, confirming the surface plasmon resonance. FT-IR spectroscopy showed the participation of phytochemical components in P. anisum in the synthesis. SEM analysis determined that the size of the biosynthesized nanoparticles is 10-20 nm in diameter and has a spherical structure. Strong signals of copper metal were confirmed by EDX analysis. The therapeutic effect of Cu NPs was evaluated by antioxidant and antibacterial assays. The DPPH radical scavenging activity IC50 inhibition values of Cu NPs were better than the seed extract and exhibited strong antioxidant activity. Antibacterial activity was performed by the disk diffusion method and Cu NPs were more effective against gram-positive bacteria. It had the highest zone diameter (18.0±2.8 mm), especially on Bacillus subtilis bacteria. These results showed that Cu NPs may have a selective effect against drug-resistant bacteria as an alternative agent to pharmaceutical applications. This study showed that P. anisum seed extract-mediated bioconjugation of Cu NPs can be done simply, quickly and cost-effectively. As a result, Cu NPs should be supported by more detailed in vivo studies to create antioxidant and antibacterial agents.

Functionalization of ampicillin and gentamicin with biogenic copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) remodel antimicrobial and cytotoxic outcome against MDR clinical isolates.

The present study reports the functionalization of antibiotic-conjugated Alternanthera pungens and Trichodesma indicum copper nanoparticles (CuNPs). Initially, antibiotic profiling of multi-drug resistant (MDR) clinical isolates against five antibiotics was verified and then gentamicin and ampicillin conjugates of CuNPs were prepared. Biosynthesized nanostructures were characterized through UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. Biogenic synthesized CuNPs displayed highest antibacterial activity (24.0-31.3mm inhibition zones) when capped with gentamicin as compared to the ampicillin-conjugated NPs which showed resistance against most of the bacterial species. A. pungens-derived conjugates of gentamicin (CuAp-GNT) along with the vehicle revealed 4.86 ± 0.20% and 4.25 ± 2.96% hemolytic potential and highest MDA production in S. typhimurium (3.18 ± 1.52µg/mL and 6.31 ± 3.49µg/mL) and K. pneumoniae (2.99 ± 0.90µg/mL and 4.06 ± 1.20µg/mL). Similarly, CuAp-GNT also showed highest DNA protection ability by displaying 1342.99 ± 11.87 band intensity. All-inclusive, CuAp showed more promising effects when conjugated with gentamicin indicating that capping of gentamicin with the active components of the plant-based copper nanostructures increases the antibacterial capacity of the drug. Hence, conjugation of antibiotics with bio-based sources offers great potential for identifying potent drug leads.

Bacillus altitudinis-Stabilized Multifarious Copper Nanoparticles Prevent Bacterial Fruit Blotch in Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.): Direct Pathogen Inhibition, In Planta Particles Accumulation, and Host Stomatal Immunity Modulation.

The nano-enabled crop protecting agents have been emerging as a cost-effective, eco-friendly, and sustainable alternative to conventional chemical pesticides. Here, the antibacterial activity and disease-suppressive potential of biogenic copper nanoparticles (bio-CuNPs) against bacterial fruit blotch (BFB), caused by Acidovorax citrulli (Ac), in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.) is discussed. CuNPs are extracellularly biosynthesized using a locally isolated bacterial strainBacillus altitudinis WM-2/2, and have spherical shapes of 29.11-78.56nm. Various metabolites, such as alcoholic compounds, carboxylic acids, alkenes, aromatic amines, and halo compounds, stabilize bio-CuNPs. Foliar application of bio-CuNPs increases the Cu accumulation in shoots/roots (66%/27%), and promotes the growth performance of watermelon plants by improving fresh/dry weight (36%/39%), through triggering various imperative physiological and biochemical processes. Importantly, bio-CuNPs at 100 µg mL-1 significantly suppress watermelon BFB through balancing reactive oxygen species system, improving photosynthesis capacity, and modulating stomatal immunity. Bio-CuNPs show obvious antibacterial activity against Ac by inducing oxidative stress, biofilm inhibition, and cellular integrity disruption. These findings demonstrate that bio-CuNPs can suppress watermelon BFB through direct antibacterial activity and induction of active immune response in watermelon plants, and highlight the value of this approach as a powerful tool to increase agricultural production and alleviate food insecurity.

Immobilized biogenic copper nanoparticles from metallic wastewater as a catalyst for triazole synthesis by a click reaction using water as a solvent

In this study, biogenic copper nanoparticles from metallic wastewater were examined for the synthesis of triazoles by a click reaction.

Preparation of G-CuO NPs and G-ZnO NPs with mallow leaves, investigation of their antibacterial behavior and synthesis of bis(indolyl)methane compounds under solvent-free microwave assisted dry milling conditions using G-CuO NPs as a catalyst.

In this study, biogenic copper and zinc oxide nanoparticles (G-ZnONPs and G-CuONPs) were synthesized by the green synthesis method using Malva parviflora L. (Millow) leaf extract and the obtained nanoparticles were characterized in detail with UV-Vis, FTIR, SEM, XRD. The antibacterial properties of the synthesized nanoparticles on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were investigated and it was found that the nanoparticles had high antimicrobial activity in the results of the experiments. With the obtained G-CuONPs, the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes with the “green” one-pot synthesis using microwave was achieved quickly and with high efficiency, and the thermal behavior of the obtained products was investigated.

Possible response of molecular biotechnology to call SARS-CoV-2

COVID-19 pandemic caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 affected virtually all life aspects in most countries and nations. During 2020 around 100 mln of Earth inhabitants contracted this morbid infection and 2 mln people died thereafter. It is natural therefore that many pharmaceutical companies around the globe have joined into the race aimed at elaboration of prophylactic antiviral vaccines. However, the option can not be ruled out that parenteral vaccines to counter rapidly mutating pandemic coronavirus may be designed hastily, neglecting due tests of remote side effects, so that in the long run they risk to be expelled from the marked due to doubtful safety and efficiency.As a real alternative to traditional vaccination techniques the present mini-review has proposed application of intranasal adjuvant nano-vaccine. If necessary, this approach may be complemented with pharmacological inactivation of coronavirus under the impact of ribo-favipiravir, recombinant arginine deiminase, RNAse L or lactoferrin, as well as biogenic silver or copper nanoparticles - the preparations derived from up-to-date molecular biotechnological processes.

Biogenic copper nanoparticles produced by using the Klebsiella pneumoniae strain NST2 curtailed salt stress effects in maize by modulating the cellular oxidative repair mechanisms

The negative effects of salinity on plant growth and physiology are well-established, which is one of the major threats to food security in semi-arid and arid regions of the world. The current research focuses on biosynthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) from a bacterial strain NST2, which was genetically identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae based on taxonomic identity of 16S rRNA gene. The strain was selected for bioprospecting of CuNPs owing to its Cu tolerance potential. The biologically-synthesized CuNPs were confirmed in culture by using ultraviolet visible spectroscopy. The material characteristics of green CuNPs were further investigated by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, where crystallite size was ranged from 22.44 nm to 44.26 nm and particles were stabilized by various functional groups, such as carbonyl and amine groups. When 100 mg kg−1 of green CuNPs were mixed in saline soil in a pot experiment, the maize plants showed increased root and shoot length (43.52% and 44.06%, respectively), fresh weight (46.05% and 51.82%, respectively) and dry weight (47.69% and 30.63%, respectively) in comparison to control maize plants without CuNPs application. Moreover, green CuNPs at their highest treatment level (100 mg kg−1 of soil) counteracted the lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage in maize plants by promoting the activities of antioxidants and demoting the cellular levels of reactive oxygen species and ionic contents of Na+ and Cl-. Conclusively, biogenic CuNPs is an emerging and promising technique, which could replace traditional methods of salinity management in agricultural soils.

Biogenic copper nanoparticles from Avicennia marina leaves: Impact on seed germination, detoxification enzymes, chlorophyll content and uptake by wheat seedlings.

Biogenic copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) were synthesized using the aqueous crude extract of mangrove leaves, Avicennia marina (CE). GC-MS metabolite profiling of CE showed that their carbohydrates are mainly composed of D-mannose (29.21%), D-fructose, (18.51%), L-sorbose (12.91%), D-galactose (5.47%) and D-Talose (5.21%). Ultra-fine nanoparticles of 11.60 ±4.65 nm comprising Cu2O and Cu(OH)2 species were obtained with a carbohydrate and phenolic content of 35.6±3.2% and 3.13±0.05 mgGA/g, respectively. The impact of the biogenic Cu NPs on wheat seedling growth was dose-dependent. Upon treatment with 0.06 mg/mL of Cu NPs, the growth was promoted by 172.78 ± 23.11 and 215.94 ± 37.76% for wheat root and shoot, respectively. However, the lowest relative growth % of 81.94 ± 11.70 and 72.46 ± 18.78% were recorded for wheat root and shoot, respectively when applying 0.43 mg/mL of Cu NPs. At this concentration, peroxidase activity (POX) of the germinated wheat seeds also decreased, while ascorbic acid oxidase (AAO) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities increased. Higher uptake of copper was observed in the root relative to the shoot implying the accumulation of the nanoparticles in the former. The uptake was also higher than that of the commercial Cu NPs, which showed an insignificant effect on the seedling growth. By treating the wheat leaves in foliar application with 0.06 mg/mL of Cu NPs, their contents of Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll were enhanced after 21 days of application. Meanwhile, the high concentration (0.43 mg/mL) of Cu NPs was the most effective in reducing the leaf content of chlorophyll (a, b, and total) after the same time of application. The findings of this study manifest the potential of utilizing controlled doses of the prepared biogenic Cu NPs for inhibition or stimulation of seedling growth.

Green Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles, Characterization and Their Applications

Nanotechnology is one of the upcoming topics in the present era. Nanoparticles are synthesized by physical and chemical methods but limitations are due to their toxicity. Hence, green synthesis is more on demand which involves the use of plants, bacteria and fungi. In this review, copper nanoparticle synthesis is focused which is economically beneficial and eco-friendly when compared to other metal nanoparticles. Copper nanoparticles are used in diverse fields such as biomedicine, pharmaceuticals, bioremediation, molecular biology, bioengineering, genetic engineering, dye degradation, catalysis, cosmetics and textiles. Structural properties and biological effects of copper nanoparticles have promising affectivity in the field of life sciences. The characterization of biogenic copper nanoparticles by number of analytical tools for their compositional, morphological and topographical features has also been discussed.

Biogenic copper nanoparticles synthesized by using a copper-resistant strain Shigella flexneri SNT22 reduced the translocation of cadmium from soil to wheat plants

The mechanistic role of green copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) in cadmium (Cd) toxicity alleviation in plants is poorly understood. Here, the CuNPs, synthesized by using a bacterium Shigella flexneri SNT22, were confirmed through UV–vis spectroscopy with a characteristic peak at 334.50 nm. Moreover, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and TEM techniques revealed that the spherical shaped crystals of CuNPs with a size range of 17.24 nm to 38.03 nm were stabilized by coating proteins. Diff ;erent levels of CuNPs (e.g., 25, 50, and 100 mg kg−1 of soil) were examined in pots having Cd-mixed soil to evaluate their effect on wheat plants in a growth chamber under optimal environmental conditions. Treatment of soil with 100 mg kg−1 of CuNPs increased plant length by 44.4 %, shoot dry weight by 28.26 %, nitrogen contents by 41.60 %, and phosphorus contents by 58.79 %, whereas decreased the acropetal Cd translocation by 49.62 %. An increase in the N, P, K+, Ca2+, K+/Na+, and Ca2+/Na+ contents and decrease in the Na+ concentration in wheat plants treated with CuNPs was also recorded. Overall, the results are valuable to establish a green CuNPs-based approach for sustainable wheat growth in metal-contaminated soils.

Biogenic copper nanoparticles and their applications: A review

The objective of the present work is the introduction of a quick and simple literature survey about the green bio-synthesized of copper nanoparticles. The survey revealed that the eco-friendly preparation methods using different plant species, properties and potential applications as alternative promising for silver and gold nanoparticles. The review enumerates the classification of nanomaterials in general, green biosynthesis of nanoparticles using plant extracts and its advantages over using bacteria and fungi. The manuscript gives more details about the specific properties for copper nanoparticles as optical properties of copper nanoparticles especially surface plasmon resonance in the visible range, photoluminescence, and bandgap energy. The current review spotlights and focuses on antimicrobial and anticancer activities for copper nanoparticles against several and various types of gram-negative, gram-positive bacteria, fungi, and human cell cancers. Moreover, a new promising activity as adsorptive efficiency of copper nanoparticles for wastewater treatment was revealed.

Green copper nanoparticles from a native Klebsiella pneumoniae strain alleviated oxidative stress impairment of wheat plants by reducing the chromium bioavailability and increasing the growth.

Chromium (Cr) concentration has been increasing substantially in the environment due to industrial and anthropogenic factors. Plants can absorb Cr and undergo unrestrained oxidation cascades, resulting in cell injury. The ameliorative role of biogenic copper nanoparticles to relieve wheat plants from Cr stress by supporting their growth is still unclear. The present work aims at the biosynthesis and characterization of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) from a native Klebsiella pneumoniae strain, followed by assessment of wheat growth and physiological responses to CuNPs mixed in Cr-rich soil. The taxonomic rank of K. pneumoniae SN35 was established by the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The properties of biogenic CuNPs were elucidated by using UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, SEM, and TEM. It was found that 19.01-47.47nm spherical shaped CuNPs were stabilized by different functional groups produced extracellularly by the strain SN35. The XRD data revealed the crystalline nature of CuNPs as a face-centered cubic structure. Different concentrations of CuNPs (0, 25, 50 and 100mgkg-1 of soil) were added into the soil mixed with 3.5mgkg-1 K2Cr2O7 and the pots were placed in a growth chamber for 30 days. The results revealed that the CuNPs, at 25 and 50mgkg-1 of soil, augmented plant growth, biomass, and cellular antioxidants contents, whereas decreased the reactive oxygen species and Cr translocation from soil to roots and shoots as compared to control plants. Overall, the results revealed that the soil amendment of CuNPs could immobilize the Cr in the soil to prevent its translocation to the upper plant parts and support wheat growth by relieving cellular oxidative stress.

Biogenic Copper Nanoparticles as a Nanoscale Solution to Address Multiple Drug Resistance in Bacteria

Biogenic Copper Nanoparticles as a Nanoscale Solution to Address Multiple Drug Resistance in Bacteria

Use of biogenic copper nanoparticles synthesized from a native Escherichia sp. as photocatalysts for azo dye degradation and treatment of textile effluents

Textile wastewater contains a huge amount of azo dyes and heavy metals and catastrophically deteriorates the agricultural field by affecting its phyisco-chemical/biological and nutritional properties when directly drained to agricultural lands without any treatment. Recently, biogenic copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) have gained considerable attention for photocatalytic degradation of wastewater pollutants owing to their unique physico-chemical and biological properties, low cost and environmental sustainability. The current study reports the synthesis of CuNPs by a native copper-resistant bacterial strain Escherichia sp. SINT7 and evaluation of the photocatalytic activity of the biogenic CuNPs for azo dye degradation and treatment of textile effluents. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed the spherical shape of biogenic CuNPs with particle size ranging from 22.33 to 39 nm. Moreover, X-ray diffraction data revealed that the CuNPs have spherical crystalline shapes with an average particle size of 28.55 nm. FTIR spectra showed the presence of coating proteins involved in the stabilization of nanomaterial. Azo dye degradation assays indicated that CuNPs decolorized congo red (97.07%), malachite green (90.55%), direct blue-1 (88.42%) and reactive black-5 (83.61%) at a dye concentration of 25 mg L−1 after 5 h of sunlight exposure. However, at 100 mg L−1 dye concentration, the degradation percentage was found to be 83.90%, 31.08%, 62.32% and 76.84% for congo red, malachite green, direct blue-1 and reactive black-5, respectively. Treatment of textile effluents with CuNPs resulted in a significant reduction in pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, hardness, chlorides and sulfates as compared to the non-treated samples. Thus, the promising dye detoxification and textile effluent recycling efficiency of biogenic CuNPs may lead to the development of eco-friendly and cost-efficient process for large-scale wastewater treatment.

Biogenic phytochemicals (cassinopin and isoquercetin) capped copper nanoparticles (ISQ/CAS@CuNPs) inhibits MRSA biofilms

Purified glycosides, Isoquercetin and Cassinopin from Crotalaria candicans were selected for the synthesis of biogenic copper nanoparticles (CuNPs).The designed biogenic CuNPs was characterized and when evaluated against panel of gram negative and positive bacteria, the biogenic CuNPs were found to be more effective against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Antibacterial, anti-biofilm effects and time kill studies confirmed the ability of biogenic CuNPs to curtail MRSA. Scanning electron microscopy, Crystal violet staining and fluorescent live-dead imaging showed that treatment with sub lethal levels of glycoside capped CuNPs resulted in greater than 50% decline in biofilm formation by MRSA, which implies that anti-biofilm effect of biogenic CuNPs is not dependent on antibacterial effect. Alizarin red assay implied that prolonged treatment of biogenic CuNPs in presence of MRSA, releases Cu(II) ions and hence antibiofilm effect is primarily mediated by NP and is not due to released Cu(II) ion. The NPs caused altered membrane permeability and reduced surface hydrophobicity, thus accounting for its antibiofilm effect.

Synthesis of Biogenic Copper Nanoparticles Embedded in Graphene Oxide-Chitosan Composite and Its Anti-Bacterial and Cytotoxic Activities.

In the current scenario, nanoparticle synthesis has been fascinated by biogenic approaches than the chemical methods. However, reproducibility of the source stands essentially in nanoparticle synthesis. Nanoparticle synthesis by fungi has more advantages such as the potential for bioaccumulation, immunity towards toxicity, relatively easier to handle, simpler in synthesis and downstream processing. In this study, biogenic copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were embedded within graphene oxide-chitosan (GO-CS) polymer to endure the biocompatibility and toxicological effects on both normal and cancer cells. The characteristics of the copper nanoparticles/graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/GO-CS) nanocomposites was found to be superior to the GO-CS. This is evident from the results obtained from X-ray diffraction technique, UV-visible spectroscopy, atomic force microscope, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, confocal laser scanning microscope and scanning electron microscopy. The synthesized new copper nanoparticles/graphene oxide-chitosan (CuNPs/GO-CS) nanocomposites were studied for their anti-bacterial activity against Escherichia coli MTCC 443 and anti-cancer activity on breast cancer MCF7 cell lines.

Plant Mixture Mediated Biogenic Copper Nanoparticles: Antibacterial Assay

Plant Mixture Mediated Biogenic Copper Nanoparticles: Antibacterial Assay