Biofilms In Patients Research Articles

Biofilm w przebiegu przewlekłego zapalenia zatok przynosowych. Badania morfologiczne w SEM

Bacterial biofilm is a three-dimensional structure made of aggregates of bacterial cells (microcolonies) and the extra cellular matrix released by them, adhering to organic and inorganic surfaces. It is estimated that 99% of all bacteria exist in biofilms, and only 1% live in a free-floating or planktonic state at any given time. The aim of the study was to demonstrate biofilms in mucosal specimens of patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis and co-occurrence of such illnesses as nasal polyps, bronchial asthma, NSAIDs allergy, and aspirin-induced asthma.A prospective study of 25 patients suffering from chronic rhinosinusitis. All patients underwent completed a otolaryngological examination and paranasal sinus CT scans. Endoscopic surgery of nasal sinuses (ESS) was performed in all patients. The mucous membrane samples were taken from the inside of the sinus and concha bullosa. They were prepared and examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The images were then compared with the available database of the biofilm images.Using SEM morphologic criteria, the biofilms were identified in the studied material in nineteen patients (83%). In four patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, no biofilms were found on the samples taken. A bacteriological examination of smears from inside of the sinus, revealed the presence of various types of bacteria. In two patients no bacteria was found in the smears.It is supposed that bacterial biofilms perform an essential role in the pathogenesis of chronic sinusitis. One may speculate that, the presence of biofilms in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis could induce the co-occurrence of such illnesses as nasal polyps, bronchial asthma, aspirin-induced asthma or a NSAIDs allergy. In order to evaluate better the role of biofilms in chronic rhinosinusitis, it seems justified to extend the research to a larger group of patients and a control group.

Influence of Sampling Strategy on Microbiologic Results Before and After Periodontal Treatment

The aim of this study was to test whether different sampling strategies would influence the microbiologic outcomes by assessing the bacterial load and composition of the subgingival microbiota by means of anaerobic culturing before and after periodontal treatment. The first study (1 versus 4 [1vs4]) included 33 patients with generalized chronic periodontitis. Two sampling strategies were compared, sampling one site from the deepest pocket in the mouth (M1) versus a pooled sample of four sites from the deepest pockets in each quadrant (M4). The second study (2 versus 4 [2vs4]) included 20 patients with generalized chronic periodontitis. The strategy M4 was compared to a pooled sample of two non-adjacent sites in the same quadrant (M2). All samples were processed identically by means of anaerobic culturing. In both studies, a pretreatment sampling was taken. However, in the second study (2vs4), subgingival samples were also taken at 1, 3, and 6 months after periodontal therapy. Quantitative data were compared between strategies by means of t test and signed-rank test; qualitative data were compared by means of 2 x 2 contingency tables. Pretreatment samples showed that total anaerobic counts were significantly higher for M4 compared to M1 (P <0.001) and M2 (P = 0.025). However, there were no significant differences in regard to percentage of microbiota and counts for each pathogen. Most of the qualitative differences between strategies were caused by false negatives in M1 and M2. Post-treatment samples showed a reduction in total counts and a limited impact in the frequency of detection of periodontal pathogens. M2 detected a significant decrease in the frequency of detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis, which was not confirmed by the M4 strategy. The criteria of selection and the number of sites selected when sampling the subgingival biofilm in patients with generalized chronic periodontitis may influence the detection and quantitation of periodontal pathogens when evaluated by culture especially after treatment.

P611 Bacterial biofilms in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis

P611 Bacterial biofilms in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis

A importância da atuação odontológica em pacientes internados em unidade de terapia intensiva

In the intensive care unit, the nosocomial respiratory infection is responsible for high rates of morbidity, mortality and expressive increase in hospitals costs. Its establishment feels more commonly by the aspiration of the content present within the mouth and the pharynx. Thus we intended to review the literature on the participation of the oral condition in the establishment of the nosocomial respiratory infection. Deficient oral hygiene is common in patients under intensive care, which provides the colonization of oral biofilm for pathogenic microorganisms, especially for respiratory pathogens. The studies clearly show that the amount of oral biofilm in patients under intensive care increases according to period hospitalization meanwhile there also is an increase in respiratory pathogens. That colonizes the oral biofilm. This biofilm is an important resource of pathogens in patients under intensive care. In spite of well-established hypotheses that narrow down the relationships between lung infections and the oral condition, the studies are not still completely defined. However, due to strong possibilities that these hypotheses are true, it is necessary to have and maintain the oral health, in addition to more integration of dentistry and of Medicine, seeking patients' global treatment, the prevention of diseases, and more humanization at the intensive care unit.

Association of Putative Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Virulence Genes and Biofilm Production in Isolates from Travelers to Developing Countries

Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is an emerging enteric pathogen that causes acute and chronic diarrhea among children, human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients, and travelers to developing regions of the world. The pathogenesis of EAEC strains involves the production of biofilm. In this study, we determined the association between presence of putative EAEC virulence genes and biofilm formation in 57 EAEC isolates (as defined by HEp-2 adherence) from travelers with diarrhea and in 18 EAEC isolates from travelers without diarrhea. Twelve nondiarrheagenic E. coli isolates from healthy travelers were used as controls. Biofilm formation was measured by using a microtiter plate assay with the crystal violet staining method, and the presence of the putative EAEC virulence genes aap, aatA, aggR, astA, irp2, pet, set1A, and shf was determined by PCR. EAEC isolates were more likely to produce biofilm than nondiarrheagenic E. coli isolates (P = 0.027), and the production of biofilm was associated with the virulence genes aggR, set1A, aatA, and irp2, which were found in 16 (40%), 17 (43%), 10 (25%), and 27 (68%) of the biofilm producers versus only 4 (11%), 6 (6%), 2 (6%), and 15 (43%) in non-biofilm producers (P = 0.008 for aggR, P = 0.0004 for set1A, P = 0.029 for aatA, and P = 0.04 for irp2). Although the proportion of EAEC isolates producing biofilm in patients with diarrhea (51%) was similar to that in patients without diarrhea (61%), biofilm production was related to the carriage of aggR (P = 0.015), set1A (P = 0.001), and aatA (P = 0.025). Since aggR is a master regulator of EAEC, the presence of aap (P = 0.004), astA (P = 0.001), irp2 (P = 0.0006), pet (P = 0.002), and set1A (P = 0.014) in an aggR versus an aggR-lacking background was investigated and was also found to be associated with biofilm production. This study suggests that biofilm formation is a common phenomenon among EAEC isolates derived from travelers with or without diarrhea and that multiple genes associated with biofilm formation are regulated by aggR.

Intestinal permeability, bowel wall thickness and bacterial biofilm in patients with chronic heart failure compared to healthy controls

Effects of a Protein Optimized Diet Combined with Moderate Resistance Training on the Postoperative Course in Older Patients with Hip Fracture

Bacterial Biofilms in Surgical Specimens of Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Biofilms are bacterial pathogens that organize in several chronic and recalcitrant infectious processes. We hypothesize that biofilms play a role in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Our goal is to demonstrate biofilms in mucosal specimens of patients undergoing surgery for CRS. A prospective study of the presence of biofilms in patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery for CRS compared with control patients without CRS. There were a total of 30 subjects and 4 controls enrolled. The samples of 24 subjects and 4 controls were cultured and then prepared using standard methods for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The remaining six subjects' samples were treated using advanced cryofixation methods as preparation to preserve structure for SEM and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Using strict SEM morphologic criteria, 24 (80%) of the 30 patients were found to have micrographic evidence of biofilms. All controls had healthy appearing cilia and goblet cells without biofilms. The six cryofixation samples showed biofilm structures on SEM micrographs that were correlated with bacterial structures seen at the mucosal surface on the corresponding TEM cross sections. Bacterial cultures were positive on all patients. Biofilms were demonstrated to be present in patients undergoing surgery for CRS; none of the patients without CRS had any evidence of biofilms. Although SEM is capable of demonstrating the biofilms' three-dimensional structure, glycocalyx, and water channels, it cannot clearly demonstrate the presence of bacteria within the biofilm. We were able to demonstrate evidence of bacteria in the biofilms on the subjects tested using TEM.