Biofilms In Patients Research Articles

Is a bacterial biofilm in the lacrimal sac the cause of chronic refractory dacryocystitis? – A pilot study

ABSTRACT Purpose A pilot study to identify bacterial biofilm in the lacrimal sacs of patients with chronic dacryocystitis, and in patients with epiphora but without discharge, using scanning electron microscopy. Methods Five patients: two with nasolacrimal duct obstruction without dacryocystitis, and three with dacryocystitis refractory to antibiotics, underwent external dacryocystorhinostomy. One control patient without infection was included. Bacterial cultures were obtained from the lumen of the lacrimal sac to analyze possible bacterial growth, including antibiotic resistance. Biopsies were taken from all lacrimal sacs and prepared for light and scanning electron microscopy. Results Scanning electron microscopy of all the lacrimal sac samples revealed structures consistent with bacterial communities and adjacent extracellular material, indicating biofilm formation. This was most prominent in one of the patients with chronic dacryocystitis. Bacteria were found not only on the luminal surface of the sac, but also within the tissue of the sac. Bacterial growth was identified in samples from two patients with chronic dacryocystitis, whereas samples from the other three patients showed no bacterial growth. Conclusion Lack of patency of the lacrimal duct predisposes to bacterial growth, even in patients with no clinically confirmed infection of the lacrimal sac. The finding of a biofilm in patients with chronic dacryocystitis explains the lack of efficiency of antibiotic treatment at the concentrations used in clinical practice.

The effect of a multicomponent oral care regimen on gingival inflammation: A randomized controlled clinical trial.

Oral care regimens can be explored to improve oral health in patients with gingivitis. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a multicomponent oral care regimen with a dual zinc plus arginine (DZA) toothpaste and cetylpyridinium chloride with zinc lactate (CPC+Zn) mouthwash in reducing gingival bleeding in patients with gingivitis. This randomized clinical trial included 94 participants with gingivitis who were randomized into two groups: the DZA/CPC+Zn group, which used a 1450-ppm fluoride toothpaste containing 0.96% zinc plus 1.5% arginine and a fluoride-containing mouthwash with 0.075% CPC and 0.28% zinc lactate, and the control group, which used a 1450-ppm fluoride toothpaste and a placebo mouthwash for 6months. All participants were examined by a blinded examiner who measured the gingival index, plaque index, and gingival severity index. Data were analyzed using paired t test, independent t test, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Both groups presented statistically significant reductions in all clinical parameters compared to baseline. The DZA/CPC+Zn group exhibited significantly greater reductions in gingival index, gingival severity index, proximal gingival index, plaque index and proximal plaque index compared to the control group at 1, 3, and 6months. Furthermore, DZA/CPC+Zn significantly decreased the percentage of patients with generalized gingivitis over a 6-month follow-up period. However, differences between the DZA/CPC+Zn and the control groups were not maintained after both groups established similar regimens with fluoride toothpaste. The multicomponent oral care regimen consisting of DZA toothpaste and CPC+Zn mouthwash is effective in reducing gingival inflammation and supragingival biofilm in patients with gingivitis.

Antibiofilm Activity of Different Washing Solutions against Biofilms in Cystic Fibrosis Patients' Nasal Cavities

Abstract Objective Bacterial biofilm formation is a multistep process involving bacterial adhesion to inorganic or mucosal surfaces. We aimed to identify Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains colonizing the respiratory tracts of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and to gauge the antibiofilm potential of streptomycin and ozone solutions against them. Methods Bacteria were obtained from CF patients' sputum samples processed in our microbiology laboratory over 1 year (2021–2022). A total of 26 nonduplicate strains (13 S. aureus and 13 P. aeruginosa) were included in this study. Results Both ozone and streptomycin solutions showed significant inhibitory activity. However, when faced with mature biofilm, the streptomycin solution had a significantly more substantial impact than the ozone solution. Furthermore, the ozone solution had no inhibitory effect on mature P. aeruginosa biofilm. Conclusion Ozone and streptomycin solutions might be used as nasal irrigation to eliminate the biofilms in patients with CF in acute respiratory infections. However, our in vitro observations would need to be confirmed in vivo. In chronic inflammation, ozone solution cannot degrade the mature biofilm of P. aeruginosa, whereas streptomycin solution can degrade such biofilms. This result is promising in lessening the biofilms associated with these bacteria that colonize patients with CF.

Features of the molecular composition of dental biofilm in patients depending on the degree of caries and the method of its prevention: synchrotron FTIR spectroscopic studies

The article studies the molecular composition of dental biofilm in healthy people and patients with multiple caries lesions during several stages of exogenous and endogenous preventive measures. The observed changes in the IR spectra registered during different stages of the experiment indicate a lack of balance between demineralisation and mineralisation of hard tissues resulting from different absorption mechanisms of agents applied exogenously and endogenously. All the observed changes result from the difference in the microbiota in healthy patients and patients with caries, as well as the difference in the microbiota caused by the impact of preventive agents on biofilm

Removal of bacterial biofilm in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment: a literature review

Orthodontic treatment is highly popular for restoring functional and facial esthetics in juveniles and adults. However, the prevalence of biofilm-related complications remains high. The objectives of this review are to 1) identify which of the two professional prophylaxis systems analyzed, rubber cup polishing (RCP) and air-powder polishing (APP), is the most effective in removing bacterial biofilm in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment, and 2) the comfort expressed by the patient and any damage caused to the orthodontic device. The search yielded 23 scientific articles, 14 of which were excluded, and 6 met the inclusion criteria. From the studies analyzed, it is, therefore, possible to state that the APP technique is more effective than the RCP technique in removing dental plaque, and treatment is less time-consuming and safer concerning orthodontic devices, as none of the scientific articles examined did APP cause any damage to the orthodontic device or debonding of the brackets.

Propolis, Aloe Vera, Green Tea, Cranberry, Calendula, Myrrha and Salvia Properties against Periodontal Microorganisms.

The oral cavity harbors hundreds of microorganisms that may be uncontrolled and provoke several diseases. In this sense, periodontitis is a complex multifactorial disease with an essential microbial component in its etiology. Periodontal treatment involves mechanical control of the supra- and subgingival biofilm, but not all patients respond predictably to treatment. In this way, the biofilm chemical control helps in the reduction of periodontal pathogens during treatment or in the delay of bacterial re-colonization after scaling and root planning. Several products have been studied as adjunctive therapy and have shown promising results. Therefore, the present article reviews the biological effects of propolis, aloe vera, green tea, cranberry, calendula, myrrha and salvia that may support their use in the control of subgingival biofilm in patients with periodontitis. All the natural products cited above showed exciting results against microorganisms related to oral diseases, mainly periodontitis. These substances also have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The natural agents propolis, aloe vera, green tea, cranberry, calendula, myrrha and salvia demonstrated potential to be used as oral hygiene products, based on their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory actions.

Multivariate analysis of liquid biopsies for real-time detection of patients with biofilm-associated infections (BAI)

Biofilm-associated infections (BAI) are chronic infections that are refractory to standard antibiotic therapy and challenging to diagnose. Detecting biofilms in patients remains a major challenge in the clinical field. Here, we introduced a microfluidic-based label-free and multivariate analysis (LF-MA) platform to assess biofilm-associated infection disease via multivariate analysis of severity parameters for point-of-care (POC) management. The integrated LF-MA platform consisted of two components: Biofilm Enrichment Device (BED) and Severity Detection Device (SDD), and allowed simultaneous real-time biofilm enrichment and viscosity-based BAI severity detection. High recovery efficiencies (>80 %) were observed for both gram-positive and gram-negative strains. A novel biosensor HMS indicator (Healthy: 1–3+, Mild: 1–3-, Severe: 1 + 3-) was developed to evaluate the severity of BAI based on microbeads distribution in target outletsSDD (for viscosity assessment) and the presence of biofilms. The one-step strategy was validated with patient-derived clinical isolates and could be completed within 2 h. We envisioned that the ease of operations and derived HMS biosensor indicator could facilitate new patient-centric approaches for rapid and multivariate assessment of patients with BAI.

Differences in Supragingival Microbiome in Patients with and without Full-Crown Prostheses.

Objectives: To characterize the microflora profile of supragingival biofilm in patients with and without full-crown prostheses. Methods: Plaque samples of full-crown prostheses and teeth in patients with porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns, all-ceramic crowns, and no prostheses were collected (three patients per group), using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology to conduct DNA sequencing on the samples and using Qiime, R, and PICRUSt2 software to perform bioinformatics analyses and functional analyses on sequencing data. Results: In total, 110,209 valid sequences were obtained in the experiment, corresponding to 11 phyla and 120 genera. The predominant species shared by the three groups were phyla Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, and Proteobacteria and genera Rothia, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Streptococcus, Veillonella, Leptotrichia, Neisseria, Citrobacter, and Pseudomonas. The species-difference analysis showed that genus Hameophilus significantly increased after the patient wore the dental prosthesis. Compared with the no-prosthesis samples, the functional analysis showed that cell motility increased in the samples from full-crown prostheses, while replication and repair, and translation decreased. Conclusions: This study reveals the changes in the oral microbial community of patients with full-crown prostheses, which could provide insights regarding the safety of materials for long-term use in the oral cavity.

Microbiological analysis of oral biofilms in patients admitted to intensive care unit: Pilot study.

To identify Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in oral biofilms of intubated and non-intubated patients admitted to an Intensive Care Unit (ICU). This was a cross-sectional study, with 30 biofilm sites sampled. S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were identified by conventional biochemical assays. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by disk-diffusion. Of 30 sites, 50% contained P. aeruginosa and 3.33% S. aureus. P. aeruginosa was detected in similar amounts in all 3 sample sites, with 5 colonized sites (50%). S. aureus colonized a single supragingival site (3.33%). There was resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents of P. aeruginosa in 7 sites (100%) and S. aureus in 1 (100%). This study revealed an important relationship between P. aeruginosa and S. aureus colonization at supragingival, subgingival and lingual sites and intubation, thus revealing antimicrobial resistant bacteria colonization of medical interest, which may contribute to the therapy choice directed to these microorganisms.

Role of Extracellular DNA in Dalbavancin Activity against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Biofilms in Patients with Skin and Soft Tissue Infections.

ABSTRACTMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become the leading cause of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). Biofilm production further complicates patient treatment, contributing to increased bacterial persistence and antibiotic tolerance. The study aimed to explore the efficacy of different antibiotics on biofilm-producing MRSA isolated from patients with SSTI. A total of 32 MRSA strains were collected from patients with SSTI. The MIC and minimal biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) were measured in planktonic and biofilm growth. The study showed that dalbavancin, linezolid, and vancomycin all inhibited MRSA growth at their EUCAST susceptible breakpoint. Of the MRSA strains, 87.5% (n = 28) were strong biofilm producers (SBPs), while only 12.5% (n = 4) were weak biofilm producers (WBPs). The MBEC90 values for dalbavancin were significantly lower than those of linezolid and vancomycin in all tested strains. We also found that extracellular DNA (eDNA) contributes to the initial microbial attachment and biofilm formation. The amount of eDNA differed among MRSA strains and was significantly higher in those isolates with high dalbavancin and vancomycin tolerance. Exogenously added DNA increased the MBEC90 and protection of biofilm cells from dalbavancin activity. Of note, the relative abundance of eDNA was higher in MRSA biofilms exposed to MBEC90 dalbavancin than in untreated MRSA biofilms and those exposed to sub-MIC90. Overall, dalbavancin was the most active antibiotic against MRSA biofilms at concentrations achievable in the human serum. Moreover, the evidence of a drug-related increase of eDNA and its contribution to antimicrobial drug tolerance reveals novel potential targets for antibiofilm strategies against MRSA.IMPORTANCE Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) worldwide. In addition, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is increasingly frequent in postoperative infections and responsible for a large number of hospital readmissions and deaths. Biofilm formation by S. aureus is a primary risk factor in SSTIs, due to a higher antibiotic tolerance. Our study showed that the biofilm-forming capacity varied among MRSA strains, although strong biofilm producers were significantly more abundant than weak biofilm producer strains. Notably, dalbavancin demonstrated a potent antibiofilm activity at concentrations achievable in human serum. Nevertheless, dalbavancin activity was affected by an increased concentration of extracellular DNA in the biofilm matrix. This study provides novel insight for designing more targeted therapeutic strategies against MRSA and to prevent or eradicate harmful biofilms.

Prevalence of Bacterial Biofilms in Patients of Chronic Rhino Sinusitis (CRS) with or Without Nasal Polyposis

Background: Objective. There is growing evidence that bacterial biofilms may play a role in certain cases of recalcitrant CRS that do not respond to traditional medical and surgical therapies. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of biofilm-forming bacteria in clinical isolates of CRS patients with or without nasal polyposis. Methods: A Prospective observational study conducted in the Department of ENT & HNS GMC Srinagar and Department of Microbiology, from September 2018 to August 2020. 60 patients were enrolled in this study who reported to ENT & HNS OPD of Govt. Medical College Srinagar and diagnosed with CRS according to “clinical practice guidelines” 2015 criteria, and were willing to participate in the study. Samples were harvested in the OPD and/or intraoperatively for microscopic examination to determine biofilm presence. Statistical analysis was performed. For all statistical tests, P = .05 was considered significant. Results: In this study on 60 patients Biofilms were present in 32 (53.3%) patients whereas in 28 (46.7%) patients Biofilms were absent (includes 14 culture positive and 14 culture negative patients). Biofilm formation was detected by three different phenotypic methods. Biofilm detection rate were highest by Tissue Culture Plate (TCP) method (56.3%) followed by Tube method (TM) as (46.9%) and Congo Red Agar (CRA) method as (43.8%). Conclusion: This study further elucidates the prevalence of bacterial Biofilms in sinonasal mucosa of CRS patients as Biofilms existed in 53% of the patients under study.

In vitro inhibition of a multispecies oral cavity biofilm by Syzygium aromaticum essential oil.

To evaluate the anti-fungal activity of Syzygium aromaticum essential oil and its inhibition of a multispecies biofilm in patients with oral candidiasis. Inhibiting biofilm formation on the denture surface is an important practice for preventing denture stomatitis. The anti-fungal activity against Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida species was evaluated through the microdilution method to define Minimal Inhibitory (MIC) and Fungicidal (MFC) Concentrations. Time-kill assay assessed growth kinetics of C.albicans based on pre-determined time points (0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 24hours). A multi-species biofilm was formed using human saliva from patients with oral candidiasis and anti-biofilm activity determined by Colony Forming Units per milliliter (CFU/mL) count, fluorescence microscopy with calcofluor white to observe yeast presence and structure, and metabolic activity by XTT (2,3-Bis-(2Methoxy-4-Nitro-5-Sulfophenyl)-2H-Tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide) reduction assay. The essential oil showed an anti-fungal activity against allCandidaspecies (MIC 500-1000µg/mL, MFC 1000-2000µg/mL), and the time-kill assay showed that 2000µg/mL (from 2hours onward) and 1000µg/mL (from 4hours onward) concentrations had substantially lower yeast growth than the negative control. In the biofilm analysis, the essential oil had a lower CFU/mL count and a biofilm metabolic activity (91.4%) than seen with its negative control, and in both analyses, the essential oil was not significantly different from the positive control (chlorhexidine). Morphological analysis showed amorphous and fragmented cellular structures after treatment with the essential oil. Syzygium aromaticum essential oil had anti-fungal activities, reduced the Candida growth kinetics substantially and inhibited the multi-species biofilm formation.

The Role of Biofilms in Chronic Otitis Media-Active Squamosal Disease: An Evaluative Study.

To study the presence of biofilms in patients of chronic otitis media (COM)-active squamosal disease and to evaluate the microflora and clinical impact of biofilms. A total of 35 patients suffering from COM - active squamosal disease was studied. Cholesteatoma sample was collected at the time of mastoid surgery and the same was used to image for biofilms by scanning electron microscope. The said sample was also analyzed microbiologically. Biofilms were present in 25 (72%) patients including 6 cases of fungal biofilms (24%). Biofilms were detected irrespective of the micro-organism growth. No statistically significant relationship was observed between biofilms and discharging ear and complications of COM. Though univariate analysis of our data found some correlation between duration of disease, the extent of cholesteatoma and ossicular necrosis but multivariate analysis revealed no such associations, thereby implying a doubtful association between these factors and biofilm. Biofilms are an integral part of cholesteatoma ear disease and sometimes harbors fungal isolates.

Detection of catheter related blood stream infections in an ICU of a tertiary care center in Northern India

Indwelling medical devices are frequently used in all health setting with critical care units of hospitals for treatment and intervention in patient care.Microorganisms attach to surfaces resulting in the formation of a biofilm which pose a serious public health issue because of its increased resistance to antimicrobial agents and the potential to cause infections.To determine the proportion of bacterial Biofilms in patients with central venous line and to find out the organisms most commonly associated with it.The study was carried out from January 2019 to September 2020. Positive cultures were obtained from 58 of these 102 samples. The isolates were then tested for in vitro production of biofilm using a microtitre plate assay. All the isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility tests on Muller-Hinton agar by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method based on CLSI guidelines. Demographic characteristics of the study subjects showed that among 102 catheterized patients isolated with males 58.82% and 41.1% females. Out of 58 isolates, 62.06% were gram negative bacteria (GNB) and 37.93% were gram positive. was most common isolate 27.58% followed by 20.68%, 15.5%, respectively. The total number of positive slime producers, in this study, was 23(39.6%). The highest number of strong slime producer strains was observed in case of (2 out of 5) (4 out of 12) and 3 out of 16)Antibiotic susceptibility patterns showed increased resistance towards penicillin and beta -lactum group of antibiotics, increased sensitivity to linezolid and vancomycin among gram positive organisms. Among gram negative bacteria increased resistance was seen for cephalosporins and aminigylycosides and least resistance for colistin.Colonization of indwelling medical devices with consequent biofilm production is a likely contributory factor to infections. The microorganisms survive in the hospital environment despite unfavourable conditions such as desiccation, nutrient starvation, and antimicrobial treatment. Resistance to antibiotics ladder is increasing and it’s necessary to take actions to reduce its hindrance in the future. Advanced studies in biofilm will help to prevent the more virulent factors which protect the bacteria from host immunity and to get rid of critical complications in therapy.

Detection of als1 and hwp1 genes involved in biofilm formation in Candida albicans isolated from catheter associated candiduria.

Background: Candida species are opportunistic fungal pathogens that can affect immune compromised patients and may cause life threatening infections. Biofilm formation is an important virulence factor that enables Candida species to invade the host tissues. This study aimed to assess the ability of Candida albicans to form biofilm in patients with catheter associated candiduria and to determine the presence of some genes involved in biofilm formation at the molecular level. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out from June 2019 to June 2020 on 93 catheterized patients admitted to different wards at SCUHs, Ismailia. Candida albicans strains were identified phenotypically by their growth on sabouraud dextrose agar, Gram staining, growth on hypertonic sabouraud broth, chlamydospore formation and germ tube formation test. Biofilm formation was detected by tissue culture plate method. Detection of the genes involved in biofilm formation was done by PCR. Results: Twenty eight Candida albicans strains wereisolated from 36 Candida species. 9 isolates (32.1%) were strong biofilm producers, 6 isolates (21.4%) were moderate biofilm producers and 13 isolates (46.4%) were weak or non-biofilm producers. ALS1 gene was detected in 13 isolates (46.4%), while HWP1 gene was detected in 16 isolates (57.1 %). Conclusion: This study documented the prevalence of candiduria in catheterized patients and found a statistically significant higher prevalence of the tested biofilm forming genes among biofilm forming isolates as compared to the weak or non-biofilm forming ones; but additional studies should be carried out as the management of catheter associated caniduria is still controversial.

The discovery of bacterial biofilm in patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer.

The carcinogenic effects of microorganisms have been discovered in multiple cancer types. In urology, the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder due to the parasitic infection with Schistosoma Mansoni is widely accepted. The oncogenic potential of biofilms has been studied in colorectal cancer and experimental studies have shown that bacteria such as Escherichia coli drive the development of colorectal cancer. Notably, Escherichia coli is responsible for 80% of all urinary tract infections. Recent findings suggest an altered urinary microbiome in patients with bladder cancer compared to healthy subjects. In this case series, we demonstrate our findings of biofilm formation in human bladder cancer tissue. Tissue samples from ten patients that underwent routine Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURBT) were obtained from the Danish National Biobank. Pathological tissue was examined for presence of bacterial aggregates by Fluorescence in situ Hybridization. In two of ten patients, analysis showed abundant bacterial aggregation on the surface epithelium. Both positive cases had pT2 urothelial bladder cancer. Our findings suggest that biofilm occurs in urothelial cancer tissue indicating an association between biofilm formation and bladder cancer.

Clinical and histopathological impact of biofilm in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Presence of biofilms in sinus mucosa of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remains controversial. Literature shows that biofilms may contribute to the recalcitrant nature of CRS and unfavourable outcome following surgery. This study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of biofilm and its clinical and histopathological impact in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP)</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 41 patients of CRSwNP (study group) were included. SNOT-20(sinonasal outcome test-20) score, radiological and endoscopic findings of these patients were evaluated preoperatively. Sinonasal polypoidal tissues removed during surgery were studied for the presence of biofilm and evaluated histopathologically. Postoperatively SNOT-20 score and endoscopic finding were recorded. 41 patients undergoing septoplasty for deviated nasal septum (control group) were also included in the study. Sinonasal mucosal samples of these patients were analysed for the presence of biofilm. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> 29 out of 41 (70.73%) samples in study group and 9 out of 41 (21.9%) samples in control group were positive for biofilm. We found a significant impact in preoperative SNOT-20 symptom scores in biofilm positive study group. But there is no significant impact in preoprerative endoscopic scores, radiological scores and postoperative SNOT-20 scores and endoscopic scores in study group patients irrespective of biofilm status.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Prevalence of biofilm in patients with CRSwNP was higher than normal population. Biofilms plays a major role in preoperative symptomatology. But biofilms have no endoscopic, radiological, and histopathological impact in CRSwNP. It was concluded that apart from biofilms, host and other environmental factors plays a major role in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP.</p>

Effectiveness of ultrasonic debridement on reduction of bacteria and biofilm in patients with chronic wounds: A scoping review.

Chronic wounds are defined as “hard‐to‐heal” wounds that are caused by disordered mechanisms of wound healing. Chronic wounds have a high risk of infection and can form biofilms, leading to the release of planktonic bacteria, which causes persistent infections locally or remotely. Therefore, infection control and removal of the biofilm in chronic wounds are essential. Recently, ultrasonic debridement was introduced as a new method to reduce infection and promote the healing of chronic wounds. This scoping review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasonic debridement on the changes in bacteria and biofilms, and consequently the wound healing rate of chronic wounds. A total of 1021 articles were identified through the database search, and nine papers were eligible for inclusion. Findings suggest that non‐contact devices are useful for wound healing as they reduce the inflammatory response, although the bacterial load is not significantly changed. Ultrasonic debridement devices that require direct contact with the wound promote wound healing through reduction of biofilm or bacterial load. The optimum settings for ultrasonic debridement using a non‐contact device are relatively consistent, but the settings for devices that require direct contact are diverse. Further studies on ultrasonic debridement in chronic wounds are required.

A comparative evaluation of microorganisms around dental implants and in subgingival plaque of patients with chronic periodontitis

A comparative evaluation of microorganisms around dental implants and in subgingival plaque of patients with chronic periodontitis - APRD- Print ISSN No: - 2581-4796 Online ISSN No:- 2581-480X Article DOI No:- 10.18231/j.aprd.2020.032, IP Annals of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry-IP Ann Prosthodont Restor Dent

Biofilms and inflammation in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.

IntroductionThe aim of the present study is to evaluate the presence of biofilms in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), with or without nasal polyps, and their relationship to eosinophils and plasma cells. We compared the results with those obtained in nonCRS patients.MethodsA total of 50 patients were included in the study, 30 CRSwNP patients, 10 CRSsNP cases and 10 control patients who were operated for deviated septum. Biofilm detection was performed by means of H&E staining and SEM. Eosinophil and plasma cell values were recorded and compared between groups.ResultsBiofilms were identified in 30 patients (60%), 76.6% (23 out of 30) of the CRSwNP patients, 70% (7 out of 10) of the CRSsNP patients and none of the septoplasty patients. Eosinophil and plasma cell values were more elevated in CRS patients, being strongly correlated to biofilm presence and nasal polyposis.ConclusionBiofilm presence was demonstrated in many of the CRS patients, with no evidence in the control cases. Our study findings indicate that inflammatory cell counts are higher in patients with CRS compared to controls, but also more elevated in patients with polyposis. In biofilm-positive patients, eosinophil and plasma cell counts were greater than those in patients without biofilms, demonstrating the proinflammatory action of the biofilm in the sino-nasal pathology.