Concentrations Of Biofertilizer Research Articles

Gas exchange and photosynthetic pigments in zucchini plants under cattle bio-fertilization and sources of nitrogen

Zucchini is traditionally used in human consumption, however, the scarcity of information, especially about fertilization and the physiological aspects of this crop, constitutes a major obstacle its cultivation and commercialization. The objective was evaluate the chlorophyll content and gas exchange under cattle bio-fertilization and different sources of nitrogen. The work was carried a randomized block experimental design was used in a factorial scheme 5 x 3 + 1 composed of five cattle bio-fertilizer concentrations, three sources of nitrogen and an additional treatment without nitrogen. The levels of chlorophyll a, b and total, liquid photosynthesis, transpiration, internal CO2 concentration, stomatal conductance, instantaneous water use efficiency, and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency were evaluated. The studied variables were influenced by the interaction between the concentrations of the cattle bio-fertilizer and the nitrogen sources, except for the chlorophyll b content and the instantaneous water use efficiency, which responded only to the nitrogen sources. Ammonium sulfate and urea increased increase the physiological variables evaluated. The combination of ammonium sulfate with bio-fertilizer promoted an increase in chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll, liquid photosynthesis, transpiration, internal carbon concentration, stomatal conductance, and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency. The cattle bio-fertilizer in the soil without nitrogen did not increase the physiological variables evaluated.

Bokashi compost and biofertilizer increase lettuce agronomic variables in protected cultivation and indicates substrate microbiological changes

The aim of the study was to evaluate agronomic productive variables of iceberg lettuce and soil microbiological variables for two crop cycles by using organic inputs. The treatments were as follows: control (no fertilization); Bokashi compost (20 g per plant); Penergetic-k plus Penergetic-p bio-activators (both at 1.5 g per litre of water, applied to the substrate and plant, respectively); and biofertilizer at different concentrations (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10% dilutions in water). Biofertilizer concentrations were applied during five fertigation times per day in the first crop experiment and in single daily fertigation in the second crop experiment. Agronomic productive variables evaluated were: total mass, commercial mass, discarded leaves mass, stem diameter, commercial head diameter and plant height. Soil microbial biomass carbon, basal soil respiration and metabolic quotient were evaluated for substrate microbial quality measurement. In the first cycle, plants treated with Bokashi or Penergetic presented superior total mass, commercial mass and commercial head diameter of lettuce, while plants treated with biofertilizer did not exhibit improvement and presented tipburn in some plants, when compared to control. In the second cycle, the use of Bokashi and biofertilizers improved the total mass and commercial head diameter, compared to control. Higher than control microbial biomass was achieved with biofertilizer concentrations and Bokashi. Lower metabolic quotient (qCO2) was observed for all the treatments, when compared to control. Soil microbial quality data corresponded to better lettuce yields.

The amelioration of tin tailings with arbuscular mychorrizal fungi and liquid biofertilizer for pepper cultivation

The sand tailings from tin mining activities, which is low productivity, could be improved for plant cultivation by ameliorating with materials which contains mutual microorganisms. The aims of this research were to investigate the influences of arbuscular mychorriza dosages and liquid biofertilizer concentration on the growth of pepper in tin tailings media. This research was conducted to determine the effect of mycorrhizal dosages and biofertilizer concentration on the growth of pepper at sand tailings media in polybags. It was conducted at the Experimental and Research Station of Bangka Belitung University, Bangka. This study used Completely Randomized Design with two factors and three replications. The first factor was mycorrhizal dosages (0; 10; 20 g/plant), and the second one was liquid biofertilizer concentration (0;1;2;3 mL/L). The pepper growth variables were observed at 16th weeks after planting. The results showed the treatment of arbuscular mycorrhizae dosage was significantly influences on plant’s height, stem diameter, number of internode, number of leaf, total leaf area, and percentage of infected root. Amelioration of 20 g/plant arbuscular mycorrhizae was the most effective for pepper growth. Biofertilizer concentration was no significantly influences on all of the variables. Combination of 10 g/plant arbuscular mycorrhizae and 2 mL/L of biofertilizer gave the highest pepper stem height, and combination of 20 g/polybag of mycorrhizae and 2 mL/L of biofertilizer showed the widest of pepper leaf area on sand tailings media.

The Effect of Giving Bio Fertilizer and Foliar Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Celery (Apium graviolens)

This study aims to determine the effect of bio fertilizers and foliar fertilizers on growth and yield of celery (Apium graviolens). This research was conducted at the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Amir Hamzah University, Medan, Medan Estate Village, Percut Sei Tuan District with a height of ± 25 meters above sea level, which was conducted from May to July 2020. This study used a factorial Randomized Block Design with two factors studied, namely the first factor was the concentration of bio fertilizer Impro Tanotec (H), which consisted of 4 levels, namely H0 (0 ml/l water), H1 (1,5 ml/l water), H2 (2,5 ml/l water), H3 (3,5 ml/l water), and the second factor is the concentration of foliar fertilizer Growmore (D) which consists of 4 levels, namely D0 (0 gr/lwater), D1 (1 gr/l water), D2 (2 gr/l water), and D3 (3 gr/l water). Parameters observed included plant height (cm), number of leaves, number of stalks, root length (cm), and fresh weight per plant. (gr). The results showed that the concentration of bio fertilizer had a very significant effect on plant height at the age of 20, 40, and 60 days after planting, the number of leaves at the age of 20, 40, and 60 days after planting, the number of stalks at the age of 40 and 60 days after planting, root length, and fresh weight per plant, but did not significantly affect the number of stalks at the age of 20 days after planting. The best bio-fertilizer concentration was obtained in the H3 treatment (3.5 ml/l water). The concentration of foliar fertilizer had a very significant effect on plant height at the age of 20, 40, and 60 days after planting, the number of leaves at the age of 20, 40, and 60 days after planting, the number of stalks at the age of 40 and 60 days after planting, and the fresh weight per plant, had a significant effect on root length, and had no significant effect on the number of stalks at the age of 20 days after planting. The best foliar fertilizer concentration was obtained in D3 treatment (3 gr/l water). The interaction between the concentration of bio fertilizer and foliar fertilizers had a significant effect on the number of leaves at the age of 40 and 60 days after planting, where the best treatment combination was obtained in the H3D3 treatment (bio fertilizer concentration 3.5 ml/l water and foliar fertilizer concentration 3 gr/l water).

Cucumber production under organic cultivation in response to biofertilizer application

Cucumber is a vegetable species of high socioeconomic importance, whose fruits are consumed in all Brazilian regions. However, the knowledge of its organic production is still incipient. In this perspective, this study aimed to evaluate the productive performance of the Aodai cucumber under organic cultivation in response to the application of biofertilizer via soil and leaves. The experiment was conducted in the Seridó Ecological Site, Rio Branco, AC, by adopting a randomized block design in a 6x2 factorial arrangement, with four replications and eight plants per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of six concentrations of biofertilizer (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5%) diluted in water, applied via foliar spraying, combined with the presence or absence of its pure application in the soil, with both methods applied at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after sowing. The fertilizer was also applied in the soil at sowing. At the end of each harvest, the fruits were divided into two quality categories (classes 1 and 2), and then the following variables were evaluated: number of fruits per plant, mean fruit mass, yield, fruit diameter, and fruit length. There was no significant interaction of the biofertilizer application via foliar spraying or soil for any of the variables. The biofertilizer application via foliar spraying promoted a significant increase in the number of marketable fruits per plant, mean mass of total fruits, and marketable and total yields. The 3% concentration of biofertilizer diluted in water and applied on the leaves is the most efficient method to increment the cucumber yield.

Piriformospora indica Culture Filtrate and Biofertilizer (Nitrokara) Promote Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) Growth and Morpho-physiological Traits in an Aeroponic System and Soil Culture

In two independent experiments, acclimatized chicory plants were transferred into an aeroponic system and to the soil. Then, the effects of biofertilizer (Nitrokara) and culture filtrate of Piriformospora indica were investigated on some plant characteristics in both aeroponic and soil cultivation system under greenhouse conditions. The plants were foliar sprayed with three different biofertilizer concentrations (1, 2, and 3 g/L) and P. indica culture filtrate (2.5, 5, and 7.5 mL in 100 mL water) following 20, 40 and 60 days after transplanting to the aeroponic and soil culture media. Results showed that the highest vegetative growth (e.g. plant height, root length, number of leaves per plant, root and shoot dry weights) and physiological traits (e.g. relative water content, proline, anthocyanin content, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b) were observed with 7.5 mL of P. indica culture filtrate in both aeroponic and soil culture media. Besides, the best results for all studied traits were obtained from 3 g/L of biofertilizer application in the both culture media. In both experiments, better results were obtained from the aeroponic system than the soil culture for P. indica production.

Leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll index in guava fertirrigated with bovine biofertilizer and nitrogen

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of fertirrigation with nitrogen and liquid bovine biofertilizer on gas exchange and leaf chlorophyll index of 'paluma' guava (Psidium guajava L.). The experimental design was randomized blocks with treatments distributed in a factorial arrangement (2 × 4) referring to mineral fertilizing with N (50% and 100% of N recommended) and biofertilizer concentrations (0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5% of the fertirrigated volume). Variables evaluated were chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b), total chlorophyll indexes (Chltotal), internal CO2 concentration (Ci), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E), net photosynthesis (A), instant carboxylation efficiency (iCE) and water use efficiency (WUE). The biofertilizer significantly affected Chl a, Chl b, Chltotal, A, gs and E, with quadratic polynomial adjustment of the results. However, there was no effect of N fertilization and interaction between the factors. Maximum index of Chltotal was 32.31 obtained with the estimated dose of 3.8% of the biofertilizer; while A, gs and E presented maximum responses of 19.09 µmol of CO2 m-2 s-1, 0.28 mol of H2O m-2 s-1 and 4.93 mmol of H2O m-2 s-1, with estimated doses of 3.6%, 3.6%, and 3.7%, respectively. Generally, liquid bovine biofertilizer applied via fertirrigation affects positively the photosynthetic responses in 'paluma' guava, however, with decreasing effects for doses above 3.8%.

Foliar application of biofertilizer in semi-hydroponic lettuce fertigated with saline nutrient solution

Water scarcity in the world is a problem diagnosed especially in countries with large semi-arid regions such as Brazil. Research has been conducted with a view to making use of saline waters as an input for cultivation, particularly in hydroponics, with especial focus on lettuce, the most prominent leafy vegetable in Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the development of lettuce in a semi-hydroponic system fertigated with saline water and under foliar fertilization with biofertilizer. The present study was carried out in a greenhouse located in the experimental area of ​​the Department of Environmental and Technological Sciences (DCAT) of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, in the municipality of Mossoró, RN, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, with treatments arranged in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme, with 4 replicates, two salinity levels of the water used to prepare the nutrient solution (0.5 and 3.5 dS m-1) and four biofertilizer concentrations (0, 20, 40 and 60%) applied by foliar spraying. The evaluated characteristics were: shoot diameter, stem diameter, number of leaves, fresh mass, dry mass, leaf succulence, leaf area and specific leaf area. The use of saline water to prepare the nutrient solution reduces fresh mass and dry mass production in the lettuce crop. The biofertilizer can be applied through the leaves at concentration of up to 20%, promoting greater plant growth.

Pengaruh Kosentrasi dan Frekuensi Pemberian Pupuk Hayati Bio-EXTRIM Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Wortel (Daucus carota L.) dalam Pot di Dataran Rendah

This study aimed to determine the effect of the concentration and frequency of Bio-EXTRIM biofertilizer applications and their interactions on the growth and yield of carrot (Daucus carota L.) plants cultivated using pots in the lowland. This research was conducted in the rice fields of Siren Hamlet, East Rumbuk Village, East Lombok sub-district, from March toJune 2019, and arranged according to the Randomized Block Design (RBD) factorial with two factors. The first factor was the concentration of Bio-EXTRIM and the second factor was the frequency of Bio-EXTRIM applications; each consisted of 3 levels and thus resulted in 9 interractio. The interraction were: concentration of 0.25% with 4 times application, concentration of 0.25% with 5 times application, concentration of 0.25% with 6 times application, concentration of 0.5% with 4 times application, concentration of 0.5% with 5 times application, concentration of 0.5% with 6 times application, concentration of 1% with 4 times application, concentration of 1% with 5 times application, and concentration of 1% with 6 times application. The results showes that the concentration of Bio-EXTRIM biofertilizer had significant effect on the rate of carrot leaf stalks growth, with concentration of 0.25% had the highest leaf stalk growth rate. The frequency of Bio-EXTRIM biofertilizer applications influenced the dry weight of leaf biomass, the middle diameter of the carrot root and the sugar content of the carrot root. The highest dry weight of leaf biomass and diameter of the tuber were obtained in carrot plants treated with Bio-EXTRIM biofertilizer for 4 times, while the sweetest tubers were obtained in carrot plants treated with Bio-EXTRIM biofertilizer for 6 times. However, there was no interaction between the concentration and frequency of Bio-EXTRIM biofertilizers in influencing the growth and yield of carrots grown in the pots in the lowlands

PENGARUH PUPUK HAYATI CAIR DAN JARAK TANAM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN KACANG TANAH ( Arachis hypogaea L. ) VARIETAS TALAM 1

This study aimed to: (1) determine the effect of the interaction between liquid biofertilizer and plant spacing on growth and yield of peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) varieties Talam 1, (2) determine the concentration of liquid biofertilizer that gives effect the best on the growth and yield of peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) varieties Talam 1, and (3) determine the relationship between growth and yield components of peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) varieties Talam 1. The experiment was conducted from April until July 2018 at Sangkanurip Village, Cigandamekar District, Kuningan Regency. Located at a hight of 434,2 m above sea level.The method used in this study is the experimental method. The experimental design used was a randomized block design (RBD) factorial. The study consisted of two treatment factors, is the dose of biofertilizer concentration and the plant spacing repeated three times. The first factor, namely the concentration liquid biofertilizer consists of four levels, namely: K1 (concentration 0 ml / 1 liter of water) K2 (concentration 5 ml / 1 liter of water) K3 (concentration 10 ml / 1 liter of water) K4 (concentration 15 ml / 1 liter of water). The second factor is a spacing (J) consists of three levels, namely: J1 (30 x 15 cm), J2 (30 x 20 cm), and J3 (30 x 25 cm).The results showed that: (1) there is an interaction between liquid biofertilizer and plant spacing on plant height DAP age 41, fresh pods weight per hill, and the weight of dry pods per plot, (2) The treatment of concentration 10 ml / 1 liter of water (K3) and a spacing of 30 x 20 cm (J2) showed the best effect on the weight of dry pods each plot which produces 1.43 kg/plot, equivalent to the average yield of 2,33 tons / ha, with assuming 80% effective field, (3) there is a significant correlation between plant height age 31, 41 DAP, number of leaves age 21, 41 DAP, leaf area index, and root volume with the weight of dry pods for each plot.

Produção e qualidade do meloeiro em sistema orgânico de produção no semiárido baiano

O meloeiro apresenta elevados gastos com adubos minerais, evidenciando a possibilidade da utilização de produtos alternativos como os biofertilizantes. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se avaliar a resposta produtiva do melão amarelo, analisando seu desempenho diante da utilização de diferentes concentrações de biofertilizante líquido no semiárido baiano. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o em blocos aleatorizados, com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições, sendo testemunha e 5 concentrações de biofertilizante: 2, 4, 6, 8 e 10%, aplicado via foliar na cultura. Realizaram-se oito pulverizações aos 30º dias após o plantio. Analisou-se o comprimento longitudinal e transversal do fruto, comprimento da cavidade longitudinal, espessura da polpa, peso médio do fruto, produtividade, sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável e relação SS/AT. O biofertilizante promoveu aumento do comprimento longitudinal dos frutos de forma linear crescente, enquanto as demais variáveis foram influenciadas de forma quadrática, com exceção dos SS e SS/AT que apresentaram resposta cúbica. O uso de biofertilizante líquido no sistema orgânico de produção promove melhorias na produtividade e qualidade do meloeiro.

Curly lettuce development, nutrient absorption and salinization tolerance in response to an aerobic biofertilizer produced from agro-industrial residues

Biofertilizers stimulate natural processes to increase and benefit nutrient absorption, abiotic stress tolerance and increased yield when applied to plants. The production of biofertilizers from organic residues is a sustainable way to reduce these materials through recycling. The aim of this work was to define the biofertilization management based on concentrations and doses using a non-commercial aerobic biofertilizer on three newly emerged Brazilian lettuce cultivars. Consequently, this study will help to improve organic lettuces yields in the country. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse. The soil used for cultivation was a clayey Rhodic Ferralsol. Due to the high electrical conductivity (EC) observed in the biofertilizer a first experiment was conducted to determine the optimum concentration (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 100%) for the three lettuce cultivars (BRS Leila, BRS Lélia and BRS Mediterrânea). After finding the best concentration, a second experiment was developed to estimate the optimum dose of the biofertilizer based on the nitrogen requirement (N) for this crop (0 kg ha-1 of N, 50 kg ha-1 of N, 100 kg ha-1 N, 150 kg ha-1 N and 200 kg ha-1 N). The experimental design was completely randomized (DIC) with a factorial scheme. The results showed that 5% concentration of biofertilizer presented better results for the development of BRS Mediterrânea and BRS Lélia. BRS Leila presented better development when fertilized with the 10% biofertilizer concentration. The dose of 150 kg ha-1 of N allowed a better development of lettuce and greater supply of nutrients to the plants.

The effectiveness of biofertilizer on edamame productivity

This study aimed at determining the effectiveness of bio-fertilizer with different concentrations on productivity soybean “Edamame” (Glycin max). The productivity consisted of the number of pods, empty pods, pod content, Edamame weight each plant. Bio-fertilizer in this study consists of microbial consortia (Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Saccharomyces, Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirillum, and Cellulomonas). The treatment consists of 3 bio-fertilizer concentrations (25%, 50%, and 75%), as well as the negative control and positive control (100% chemical fertilizer equivalent 5g/plant). The results showed that treatment B2 (bio-fertilizer 50%) gave better results on productivity compared with other treatments.

A biofertilizer with diazotrophic bacteria and a filamentous fungus increases Pinus pinaster tolerance to the pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)

The pine wilt disease (PWD), caused by the pine wood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is a devastating illness that mainly affects P. pinaster trees, and that poses great environmental and economic challenges. Current disease management involves the cut down of infected trees, tree fumigation, use of nematicides, or the control of the insect vector; however, these methodologies are expensive, labour-intensive and have limited success. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of a biofertilizer enriched with diazotrophic bacteria and a chitosan-producing fungus, Cunninghamella elegans, in inducing P. pinaster and P. pinea resistance against the PWN. In non-inoculated (control) P. pinaster plants, PWN population significantly increased (ca. 2.3-fold) throughout the experimental period, whereas in plants treated with 7.5 and 15% of biofertilizer nematode numbers were up to 36.3-fold lower than in control plants. In P. pinea, nematode numbers decreased with time for all biofertilizer concentrations tested, and P. pinea had up to 27.3-fold lower nematode counts than P. pinaster. In addition, the biofertilizer prevented the decrease of photosynthetic pigments and the reduction of water content in infected P. pinaster plants. In P. pinea the biosynthesis of phenolics increased in PWN-inoculated plants, especially in the presence of the biofertilizer. The addition of this biofertilizer to soils forested by P. pinaster may improve plant defence and could be a potentially simple and inexpensive strategy for the control of the PWD.

English

The correct management of organic fertilization has been shown as an extremely viable alternative in the production of vegetables, providing high yields concomitant to the reduction of synthetic fertilizers. The improvement of the production can be interpreted by the physiological behavior, favored by the organic fertilization with the supply of nutrients. Thus, an experiment was carried out to evaluate the gas exchange and Soil-Plant Analyses Development (SPAD) chlorophyll content in tomato plants according to types of organic fertilizers and biofertilizer doses. The experimental design was completely randomized with treatments distributed in factorial arrangement (3 x 5), referring to organic fertilizer types (T1: earthworm humus; T2: goat manure and T3: cattle manure) and biofertilizer concentrations (600, 800, 1000, 1200 and 1400 ml), with four replications. The gas exchange and the SPAD chlorophyll content in tomato plants depend on the type of organic fertilizer and the concentration of biofertilizer. It was possible to observe that increasing doses of biofertilizer in the substrate with low organic concentration increase the gas exchange in tomato plants, while high doses together with more concentrated organic fertilizers reduce these characteristics. Key words: Alternative fertilizer, Lycopersicon esculentum, photosynthesis, organic fertilizer. &nbsp

Interactions between Host Plants and Biofertilizers: Contact Effect on Biological Parameters of the Mite Brevipalpus phoenicis

This study was conducted aiming to evaluate interactions between deleterious action of biofertilizers on Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) and host plants. In the first bioassay the following concentrations were tested: 0% (control), 5%, 15%, 30% and 50%. The experimental unit was a leaf of Ligustrum lucidum plant (six leaves per treatment). Twelve mites were liberated in arenas on each leaf. The second bioassay was run on 20 days old Canavalia ensiformis plants, using ten plants per treatment. Ten mites were transferred for arenas on each host plant cotyledonal leaf. Five concentrations were also tested: 0%, 5%; 10%; 20% and 30%. The adult female mortality and the number of eggs laid in each arena were quantified daily during 72 h in the first assay and 120 h in the second one. The mite survivorship and oviposition were significantly reduced with the increase of biofertilizer concentration in both experiments. The LC25 estimates for the 24, 48 and 72 h periods were respectively 50,04; 15,70 and 4,95% in L. lucidum. The LC25 andLC50 estimates for the 24, 48, 72,96 and 120 h periods in C. ensiformis were 8,15; 7,78; 0,63; 0,68 and 0,63 and of 19,64; 19,03; 2,38; 2,60 and 2,67, respectively. No LC50estimates were obtained in L. lucidum, due the low mortality rates. The biofertilizer had deleterious action on fertility and survival of B. phoenicison both host plants, being more severe on C. ensiformis. The mites dead by the biofertilizer action showed evidences of microbial colonization. A colloidal compound of the biofertilizer induced mite immobilization and obstruction in its digestive tract.

Towards sustainable agricultural production: Growth and production of three varieties of shallot with some various Nitrobacter bio-fertilizer concentrations

Organic production is important for health and eliminates the risk of chemical residues. Taking part on sustainable agriculture production, this research was conducted in January to March 2017. Located in Palajau Village, in Jeneponto Regency, altitude 120 m above sea level, South Sulawesi. The research was aimed to determine the growth and production of shallot varieties and their interaction with Nitrobacter bio-fertilizer. The study conducted in the form of a two-factor factorial experiment using Randomized Block Design as environmental design. The first factor was varieties (Bima, Bangkok and Tajuk), and the second factor was concentration of Nitrobacter bio-fertilizer; control-without fertilizer, 30 and 60 mL of fertilizer per 3000 mL of water. Results show that the varietal treatment of Tajuk gave a good response to the observed parameters, and the Nitrobacter bio-fertilizer treatment of 60 mL of fertilizer 3000 mL of water gave good results on the number of bulbs per cluster, bulbs and dried bulbs per plot (of tons per ha bulbs). Bangkok variety combined with Nitrobacter bio-fertilizer concentration of 60 mL of fertilizer per 3000 mL of water per plot showed the highest yield of bulb that is 9.13 tons per ha compared with Bima and Tajuk varieties.

Effect of bio fertilizer concentrations on the qualitative and quantitative traits of three cultivars of sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench

A field experiment was performed during the spring season of 2016, in the Field Crops Field Experiment, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Anbar (Abu Ghraib location), located at longitude line 44.24° east and latitude 33.22° north at 34.1m above the sea level. To study the effect of three Cultivars of sorghum (Enkath, Rabeh and Giza113) and forth Humiforte 0, 3, 5 and 7 L ha-1 in some traits of growth, yield and quality, the experiment ,was Applied by using split–plots Design according to (R.C.B.D) with three replicates. The main plot included bio concentration and cultivars as sub-plots. The results showed that Giza 113 was superior to the height of the plant and the weight of 500 grains and the percentage of protein and the lowest mean of number of days from planting to 75 % flowering. While the highest yield of the total grain yield, 6.99 ton ha-1 was given to the Enkath cultivar. Rabeh was superior in leaf area, chlorophyll content and number of grains in the head. The spraying with Humiforte improved the growth, yield and quality characteristics and gave the highest 7 L ha-1 concentration of plant height, number of head grains, grain weight, total grain yield 7.21 tons ha-1and protein ratio and the lowest mean of number of days from planting to 75 % flowering. Spraying at 5 L ha-1 Give the highest average leaf area and chlorophyll content in leaves. Interaction between cultivars and biomass concentrations had a significant effect on the traits of plant height and total grain yield, with the cultivar record saving at 7 l ha-1the highest average yield of grain 7.86 tons ha–1.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BIOFERTILIZER ON PLANT GROWTH SOYB EA N “EDAM AM E” (Glycin max)

This study aimed at determining the effectiveness of biofertilizer with different concentrations on plant growth of soybean “edamame” (glycin max). Biofertilizer in this study consists of microbial consortia (lactobacillus, pseudomonas, bacillus, saccharomyces, rhizobium, azotobacter, azospirillum, and cellulomonas). The treatment consists of 3 biofertilizer concentrations (25%, 50%, dan 75%), as well as the negative control and positive control (100% chemical fertilizer equivalent 5g/plant). The result showed that treatment b3 (biofertilizer 75%) gave better results on plant growth compared with other treatments.

Viability of Biofertilizer Produced by an Indian Biodigester Prototype Applied to Sunflower Plants

Biodigesters have been used to convert biomass into biogas and biofertilizers. This energy use has been important for the reduction of solid waste pollution in the environment. This work aims to analyse the viability of the use of pig biofertilizer produced by an Indian biodigester prototype, monitored by a data acquisition system. The biodigester used was an Indian prototype built on a low cost material that is easy to acquire (polyvinyl chloride-PVC). After the biofertilizer production, we tested its efficiency and viability under conditions of vegetation house in the cultivation of sunflower plants. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial arrangement with 4 concentrations of biofertilizer (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N ha-1) × 4 harvest periods (14, 21, 25 and 29 days after sowing). We evaluated biometric and vigor parameters by measurements of stem diameter, height of the aerial part, number of leaves and production of fresh and dry matter of roots, aerial and total parts, as well as the relative chlorophyll content. We performed the experiment with five repetitions using two plants each and we submitted the data to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and polynomial regression using the statistical software Sisvar 5.4. The functional Indian biodigester prototype produced a biofertilizer of excellent quality and viability as a biofertilizer for the initial growth of sunflower plants. The biofertilizer served as a nutritional source in the sunflower crop, since it provided increases in all the growth parameters analyzed in relation to the control group (plants in the absence of biofertilizer), especially in the concentration of 120 kg N ha-1.