Bioenergetic Characteristics Research Articles

Impact of cryopreservation on immune cell metabolism as measured by SCENITH.

The dynamic functioning of immune cells is regulated by cellular metabolic processes, and there is growing interest in the study of immunometabolic correlates of dysfunctional immune responses. SCENITH is a novel flow cytometry-based technique that allows for ex vivo metabolic profiling of immune cells within heterogeneous samples. Cryopreservation of clinical samples is frequently undertaken to facilitate high throughput processing and longitudinal analyses of immune responses, but is thought to lead to cellular metabolic dysfunction. We aimed to investigate the impact of cryopreservation on immune cell metabolism, harnessing SCENITH's unique ability to describe the divergent bioenergetic characteristics of distinct immune cell subsets. We demonstrate that upon activation, T cells are unable to sufficiently/readily undergo metabolic reprogramming. Additionally, we find that cryopreservation introduces a time-dependent metabolic artefact that favours glycolysis and impairs oxidative phosphorylation, suggesting that cryopreservation results in mitochondrial dysfunction. Despite this artefact, SCENITH was still able to reveal the distinct bioenergetic profiles of contrasting immune cells populations following cryopreservation. Whilst SCENITH can provide valuable information about immune cell metabolism even in cryopreserved samples, our findings have important implications for the design of future studies. Investigators should carefully consider how to process and store clinical samples to ensure that cryopreservation does not confound analyses, particularly where longitudinal sampling is required.

Changes in bioenergetic characteristics of the murine lymphoma cells under the action of a thiazole derivative in complex with polymeric nanoparticles

Background. Mitochondria can influence cancer cells both indirectly via reactive oxygen species mediation and directly through mitochondrial biogenesis. Energy production in mitochondria is crucial as it facilitates the synthesis of essential molecules needed for cellular biosynthesis, growth, and proliferation. The development of new anticancer drugs that target the energy metabolism of tumor cells shows promise in cancer treatment. Our study aimed to investigate how the thiazole derivative N-(5-benzyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-3,5-dimethyl-1-benzofuran-2-carboxamide (BF1), the polymeric nanoparticles based on the polyethylene glycol (PEG-PN, Th5), and their complex with BF1 (Th6) affect respiration and mitochondrial membrane potential in murine NK/Ly tumor cells. Materials and Methods. The study was performed on white wild-type male mice with grafted NK/Ly lymphoma. The test substances were added to the cell suspension at a final concentration of 10 μM and incubated for 15 min at 37 °C. Oxygen uptake rates in NK/Ly cells were measured using a polarographic method with Clark electrode. Changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were assessed using the tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester fluorescence dye. The fluorescence intensity was evaluated using the ImageJ computer program. Results. After incubating NK/Ly cells with BF1 (10 µM), Th5, or the BF1 + PEG-PN complex (Th6) for 15 min, no changes were observed in glucose-fueled basal respiration. However, the Th6 complex significantly activated FCCP-stimulated respiratory processes in NK/Ly lymphoma cells. Fluorescent microscopy data indicated that BF1 or Th5 alone did not affect mitochondrial membrane potential values. However, the Th6 complex significantly decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, suggesting a reduction in NK/Ly cell viability. Conclusions The investigated complex of thiazole derivative BF1 with PEG-based polymeric nanoparticles may realize its cytotoxic effect by depolarization of mitochondrial membrane in NK/Ly lymphoma cells.

Oxidative stress is a shared characteristic of ME/CFS and Long COVID

Abstract More than 65 million individuals worldwide are estimated to have Long COVID (LC), a complex multisystemic condition, wherein patients of all ages report fatigue, post-exertional malaise, and other symptoms resembling myalgic encephalomyelitis / chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). With no current treatments or reliable diagnostic markers, there is an urgent need to define the molecular underpinnings of these conditions. By studying bioenergetic characteristics of peripheral blood lymphocytes in over 16 healthy controls, 15 ME/CFS, and 15 LC donors, we find both ME/CFS and LC donors exhibit signs of elevated oxidative stress, relative to healthy controls, especially in the memory subset. Using a combination of flow cytometry, bulk RNA-seq analysis, mass spectrometry, and systems chemistry analysis, we observed gender-specific aberrations in ROS clearance and damage pathways. While ME/CFS females exhibit higher total ROS and mitochondrial calcium levels, ME/CFS males have normal ROS levels, but larger changes in lipid oxidative damage. The higher ROS levels correlate with hyperproliferation of T cells and can be attenuated by metformin, suggesting this FDA-approved drug may be an effective treatment. Thus, we report that both ME/CFS and LC are mechanistically related and can be diagnosed with quantitative blood cell measurements. We also suggest that effective, patient tailored drugs might be discovered using standard lymphocyte stimulation assays.

Platelet bioenergetic profiling uncovers a metabolic pattern of high dependency on mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in type 2 diabetic patients who developed in-stent restenosis

Although platelet bioenergetic dysfunction is evident early in the pathogenesis of diabetic macrovascular complications, the bioenergetic characteristics in type 2 diabetic patients who developed coronary in-stent restenosis (ISR) and their effects on platelet function remain unclear. Here, we performed platelet bioenergetic profiling to characterize the bioenergetic alterations in 28 type 2 diabetic patients with ISR compared with 28 type 2 diabetic patients without ISR (non-ISR) and 28 healthy individuals. Generally, platelets from type 2 diabetic patients with ISR exhibited a specific bioenergetic alteration characterized by high dependency on fatty acid (FA) oxidation, which subsequently induced complex III deficiency, causing decreased mitochondrial respiration, increased mitochondrial oxidant production, and low efficiency of mitochondrial ATP generation. This pattern of bioenergetic dysfunction showed close relationships with both α-granule and dense granule secretion as measured by surface P-selectin expression, ATP release, and profiles of granule cargo proteins in platelet releasates. Importantly, ex vivo reproduction of high dependency on FA oxidation by exposing non-ISR platelets to its agonist mimicked the bioenergetic dysfunction observed in ISR platelets and enhanced platelet secretion, whereas pharmaceutical inhibition of FA oxidation normalized the respiratory and redox states of ISR platelets and diminished platelet secretion. Further, causal mediation analyses identified a strong association between high dependency on FA oxidation and increased angiographical severity of ISR, which was significantly mediated by the status of platelet secretion. Our findings, for the first time, uncover a pattern of bioenergetic dysfunction in ISR and enhance current understanding of the mechanistic link of high dependency on FA oxidation to platelet abnormalities in the context of diabetes.

Biomagnification of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in detritivorous, phytophagous, and predatory invertebrates: How POPs enter terrestrial food web?

Invertebrates are primary contributors to fluxes of nutrients, energy, and contaminants in terrestrial food webs, but the trophodynamic of contaminants in invertebrate food chains is not fully understood. In this study, occurrence and biomagnification of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were assessed in detritivorous, phytophagous, and predatory invertebrate food chains. Detritivorous species (earthworm and dung beetle) have higher concentrations of POPs than other species. Different composition patterns and biomagnification factors (BMFs) of POPs were observed for invertebrate species. Negative correlations were found between BMFs and log KOW of POPs for detritivorous and most phytophagous species. In contrast, parabolic relationships between BMFs and log KOW were observed in snails and predatory species, possibly attributed to the efficient digestion and absorption of diet and POPs for them. Bioenergetic characteristics are indicative of the biomagnification potential of POPs in terrestrial wildlife, as suggested by the significant and positive correlation between basal metabolic rates (BMRs) and BMFs of BDE 153 for invertebrates, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. The estimations of dietary exposure suggest that the terrestrial predators, especially feeding on the underground invertebrates, could be exposed to high level POPs from invertebrates.

Glycolysis: An early marker for vancomycin-specific T-cell activation.

Vancomycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic used for Gram-positive bacterial infections, has been linked with drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) in HLA-A*32:01-expressing individuals. This is associated with activation of T lymphocytes, for which glycolysis has been isolated as a fuel pathway following antigenic stimulation. However, the metabolic processes that underpin drug-reactive T-cell activation are currently undefined and may shed light on the energetic conditions needed for the elicitation of drug hypersensitivity or tolerogenic pathways. Here, we sought to characterise the immunological and metabolic pathways involved in drug-specific T-cell activation within the context of DRESS pathogenesis using vancomycin as model compound and drug-reactive T-cell clones (TCCs) generated from healthy donors and vancomycin-hypersensitive patients. CD4+ and CD8+ vancomycin-responsive TCCs were generated by serial dilution. The Seahorse XFe96 Analyzer was used to measure the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) as an indicator of glycolytic function. Additionally, T-cell proliferation and cytokine release (IFN-γ) assay were utilised to correlate the bioenergetic characteristics of T-cell activation with invitro assays. Model T-cell stimulants induced non-specific T-cell activation, characterised by immediate augmentation of ECAR and rate of ATP production (JATPglyc). There was a dose-dependent and drug-specific glycolytic shift when vancomycin-reactive TCCs were exposed to the drug. Vancomycin-reactive TCCs did not exhibit T-cell cross-reactivity with structurally similar compounds within proliferative and cytokine readouts. However, cross-reactivity was observed when analysing energetic responses; TCCs with prior specificity for vancomycin were also found to exhibit glycolytic switching after exposure to teicoplanin. Glycolytic activation of TCC was HLA restricted, as exposure to HLA blockade attenuated the glycolytic induction. These studies describe the glycolytic shift of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells following vancomycin exposure. Since similar glycolytic switching is observed with teicoplanin, which did not activate T cells, it is possible the master switch for T-cell activation is located upstream of metabolic signalling.

Productive, reproductive and bioenergetic characteristics of cows with different body condition score

The aim of this work was to study the influence of fattening of dairy cows body condition score on reproductive traits, productivity and bioenergetic indicators. The research was conducted during May-August 2021 in the conditions of the Terezine of the Vilnotarasivske branch (Kyiv region). The values of average monthly temperatures were within the limits of thermoneutrality for cows of dairy breeds. Three groups of second-lactation cows were formed for the study. The first group (n=14) included animals with a fatness score of 2.0 to 3.0 points, and the second group (n=24) with a score of 3.0 to 3.75 points and to the III-rd group (n=15) – 4 and above points. Assessment of fatness in groups of animals was carried out during the period of deep body. The productivity of cows during the first 120 days of lactation was determined using computer records and the DelPro program. Cows of the II group had a somewhat shorter dry period (by 3 and 1 day) compared to animals of the I and III groups. The shortest service period was observed in the first group of cows – 164 days, which is 7 and 24 days less than in animals of the second and third groups, respectively. Cows of the II group had the highest average daily productivity during each of the first 4 months of lactation (120 days). At the same time, productivity was the lowest in cows of the III group, and intermediate values were observed in the animals of the I group. At the same time, cows of the III-rd group had the lowest productivity during the same period. Analyzing the bioenergetic characteristics of cows of different levels of fatness, it was established that the highest rate of net energy expenditure for the production of 1 kg of 4 % milk was in cows of the IIIrd group – 3.71 MJ, and the lowest in animals of the IInd group – 3.49 MJ. Research results showed that cows of different fattening levels before calving had high energy indices – from 50.25 to 53.99 %, productive – from 0.260 to 0.286 kg for specific net energy loss from 1.852 to 1.988 MJ per 1 MJ of milk energy. Key words: dairy cows, fatness, productivity, reproduction, bioenergetic characteristics.

Influence of high temperatures on the behavior, productivity and bioenergetic characteristics of goats

Abstract. The research was carried out in IE «Babyni kozy» of Kyiv region at a goat farm where a stable-pasture system of goats is used. In winter, goats are kept at free-stall housing on a deep litter and during the grazing period, on a forage area. Goats are milked on a milking parlor into the milk line. The article presents the results of researches of the influence of ambient temperature during the thermo neutral period and during the period of high temperatures on the productivity, daily behavior and bioenergetic characteristics of Saanen goats. A group of goats of the Saanen breed of the 3rd lactation was formed during the period of the milk yield increasing. The research was performed in thermo neutral period (average daily air temperature was up to + 22.3 °C) and during the period of temperature load at an average daily air temperature of + 27.6 °C. Each period lasted 12 days. It has been found that goats responded to the change in temperature by reducing of productivity by 10.70 % (0.35 kg). Hereby, the mass fraction of fat in goat's milk during this period increased by 0.09 %. During the period of high temperatures, goats spent a little less time eating food, watering and walking, but rested more in a supine position compared to the thermo neutral period. In general, in both temperature periods, the duration of the main acts of behavior in goats corresponded to physiological norms. The decrease in the duration of feed consumption during the temperature load caused a decrease in the number of feed reactions and the duration of chewing the cuddy in goats. The energy index, i.e. the amount of net energy consumption of feed, which transfers into milk energy during the temperature load decreased by 1.42 MJ %. Net energy consumption per 1 MJ of milk energy during the period of high temperatures has increased by 0.62 MJ. Key words: goats, temperature, productivity, metabolic energy, behavior, bio-energy.

Adaptogenic Properties of 1-(Germatran-1-il)-Oxyethylamine

Background: Germanium is a biologically active trace element, and it is present in almost all organs and tissues. Its biological activity was revealed in the 20th century. However, the study on the possibility of using germanium for medical purposes was first undertaken by the Japanese scientist Dr. Kazuhiko Asai in 1940. In 1965, academician M.G.Voronkov and colleagues synthesized tricyclic esters of triethanolamine germanium with the general formula XGe(OCH2CH2)3N and studied their biological activity. However, the adaptogenic properties of these compounds have not been sufficiently studied. In this regard, there is an urgent need to study the adaptogenic properties of these drugs. Objective: As the resistance of the organism to stress factors primarily depends on energy metabolism, the aim of our work was to study the influence of stress and 1- (germatran-1-il) –oxyethylamine (GM) on the functional state of mitochondria. Methods: The functional state of mitochondria was studied as per the rate of mitochondria respiration by the level of lipid peroxidation and fatty acid composition of mitochondrial membranes by chromatography technique. Results: It was shown that the drug in concentrations of 10-5, 10-6, and 10-11M reduced the intensity of LPO in the membranes of "aged" mitochondria. This may serve as evidence regarding the presence of anti-stress properties in the drug. Injection of GM at a dose of 10-5 mol/kg to rats prevented the activation of LPO in the membranes of the liver mitochondria in conditions of acute hypobaric hypoxia. Restricting lipid peroxidation, GM prevented changes in the content of C18 and C22 fatty acids in mitochondrial membranes, which probably contributed to maintaining the bioenergetic characteristics of mitochondria at the control level. Conclusion: It is assumed that the anti-stress activity of the drug is associated with its antioxidant properties and its effect on the complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain.

Bioenergetic characteristics of the murine Nemeth-Kellner lymphoma cells exposed to thiazole derivative in complex with polymeric nanoparticles

The development of a new anticancer drugs targeted at energy metabolism of tumor cells is a promising­ approach for cancer treatment. The aim of our study was to investigate the action of thiazole derivative N-(5-benzyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-3,5-dimethyl-1-benzofuran-2-carboxamide (BF1) and its complex with PEG based polymeric nanoparticle (PEG-PN) on respiration and mitochondrial membrane potential in murine NK/Ly tumor cells. The rate of oxygen uptake in NK/Ly cells was recorded by a polarographic method using a Clark electrode. The mitochondrial potential relative values were registered using fluorescence TMRM dye. No changes in glucose-fuelled basal respiration or maximal FCCP-stimulated respiration was detected after 15-min incubation of cells with BF1 (10 µM), PEG-PN or BF1 + PEG-PN complex Fluorescent microscopy data showed that BF1 or PEG-PN separately had no effect on the value of mitochondrial membrane potential, while BF1 + PEG-PN complex caused a significant decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, indicating­ on the decrease of NK/Ly cells viability. Keywords: cell respiration, mitochondrial membrane potential, NK/Ly tumor cells, PEG, polymeric nanoparticles, thiazole derivative

Osteometabolism: Metabolic Alterations in Bone Pathologies.

Renewing interest in the study of intermediate metabolism and cellular bioenergetics is brought on by the global increase in the prevalence of metabolic illnesses. Understanding of the mechanisms that integrate energy metabolism in the entire organism has significantly improved with the application of contemporary biochemical tools for quantifying the fuel substrate metabolism with cutting-edge mouse genetic procedures. Several unexpected findings in genetically altered mice have prompted research into the direction of intermediate metabolism of skeletal cells. These findings point to the possibility of novel endocrine connections through which bone cells can convey their energy status to other metabolic control centers. Understanding the expanded function of skeleton system has in turn inspired new lines of research aimed at characterizing the energy needs and bioenergetic characteristics of these bone cells. Bone-forming osteoblast and bone-resorbing osteoclast cells require a constant and large supply of energy substrates such as glucose, fatty acids, glutamine, etc., for their differentiation and functional activity. According to latest research, important developmental signaling pathways in bone cells are connected to bioenergetic programs, which may accommodate variations in energy requirements during their life cycle. The present review article provides a unique perspective of the past and present research in the metabolic characteristics of bone cells along with mechanisms governing energy substrate utilization and bioenergetics. In addition, we discussed the therapeutic inventions which are currently being utilized for the treatment and management of bone-related diseases such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteogenesis imperfecta (OIM), etc., by modulating the energetics of bone cells. We further emphasized on the role of GUT-associated metabolites (GAMs) such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), indole derivates, bile acids, etc., in regulating the energetics of bone cells and their plausible role in maintaining bone health. Emphasis is importantly placed on highlighting knowledge gaps in this novel field of skeletal biology, i.e., "Osteometabolism" (proposed by our group) that need to be further explored to characterize the physiological importance of skeletal cell bioenergetics in the context of human health and bone related metabolic diseases.

Тетранитрозильный комплекс железа с тиосульфатными лигандами предотвращает дисфункцию митохондрий в условиях стресса

The effect of stress (water deficiency, high-temperature stress) and nitric oxide donor sodium μ2-dithiosulphate-tetranitosyldiferrate tetrahydrate Na2 [Fe2 (S2O3)2 (NO)4]2 × 4H2O (TNIC-thio) on the fatty acid composition and bioenergetic characteristics of 5-day etiolated pea seedling mitochondria was studied. Stressful effects caused the activation of LPO in the mitochondrial membranes. At the same time, significant changes occurred in the content of C18 and C20 fatty acids (FA). A decrease in the content of linoleic and linolenic acids, one of the main FA components of cardiolipin in higher plants, apparently caused a decrease in the maximum rates of oxidation of NAD-dependent substrates. The. treatment of pea seeds with 10-6M TNIC-thio prevented the activation of LPO, changes in the fatty acid composition of mitochondrial membranes, and contributed to the preservation of the bioenergetic characteristics of these organelles. By preventing the decline in energy metabolism, TNIC-thio probably has adaptogenic properties, that were also reflected in physiological parameters, namely, the growth of seedlings. Treatment of pea seeds and seedlings with the studied preparation prevented inhibition of root and shoot growth in conditions of water deficiency. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that the protective properties of TNIC-thio are due to its antioxidant activity.

Global warming readiness: Feasibility of enhanced biological phosphorus removal at 35 °C

Recent research has shown enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) from municipal wastewater at warmer temperatures around 30 °C to be achievable in both laboratory-scale reactors and full-scale treatment plants. In the context of a changing climate, the feasibility of EBPR at even higher temperatures is of interest. We operated two lab-scale EBPR sequencing batch reactors for > 300 days at 30 °C and 35 °C, respectively, and followed the dynamics of the communities of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) and competing glycogen accumulating organisms (GAOs) using a combination of 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding, quantitative PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses. Stable and nearly complete phosphorus (P) removal was achieved at 30 °C; similarly, long term P removal was stable at 35 °C with effluent PO43-_P concentrations < 0.5 mg/L on half of all monitored days. Diverse and abundant Candidatus Accumulibacter amplicon sequence variants were closely related to those found in temperate environments, suggesting that EBPR at this temperature does not require a highly specialized PAO community. A slow-feeding strategy effectively limited the carbon uptake rates of GAOs, allowing PAOs to outcompete GAOs at both temperatures. Candidatus Competibacter was the main GAO, along with cluster III Defluviicoccus members. These organisms withstood the slow-feeding regime, suggesting that their bioenergetic characteristics of carbon uptake differ from those of their tetrad-forming relatives. Comparative cycle studies revealed higher carbon and P cycling activity of Ca. Accumulibacter when the temperature was increased from 30 °C to 35 °C, implying that the lowered P removal performance at 35 °C was not a direct effect of temperature, but a result of higher metabolic rates of carbon (and/or P) utilization of PAOs and GAOs, the resultant carbon deficiency, and escalated community competition. An increase in the TOC-to-PO43−-P ratio (from 25:1 to 40:1) effectively eased the carbon deficiency and benefited PAOs. In general, a slow-feeding strategy and sufficiently high carbon input benefited a high and stable EBPR at 35 °C, representing basic conditions suitable for full-scale treatment plants experiencing higher water temperatures.

Bioenergetic use of Araucaria angustifolia branches

The aim of this study was to physically, chemically and energetically characterize A. angustifolia branches of different dimensions and to compare them with the values described in literature. Thus, a total of 30 branches from 15 adult native trees were divided into three treatments according to the following base diameters: (S) less than 0.06 m, (M) between 0.06 and 0.10 m; and (L) greater than 0.10 m. A. angustifolia branches of all dimensions presented desirable bioenergetic characteristics with high calorific value, low ash content, volatile material content and adequate fixed carbon. Basic density was 470.18 kg m−3, fixed carbon and volatile content showed a significant difference between L and S classes. Ash content was close to 1.0%. Gross calorific value showed an average of 4,743.3 kcal kg−1. In comparison with the data found in the literature, A. angustifolia branches presented superior energetic qualities to several forest species woods traditionally used as bioenergy. The results obtained herein demonstrate the energetic potential of A. angustifolia branches for energy generation and encourage studies on this co-product as a profitable and ecological option as it does not need to cut the tree, and may contribute to species conservation.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЕНЕРГЕТИЧНОГО МЕТАБОЛІЗМУ ОСІБ РІЗНОГО ВІКУ У ПРОЦЕСІ ЗАНЯТЬ ВОЛЕЙБОЛОМ

Introduction.The study of individual features of the functional support of conscious motor activity is an important area of research in sport physiology. Such studies are especially important for detecting age-related changes in the energy supply of muscular activity. Purpose.The purpose of the study is to identify features of the functional state of volleyball players of different ages.Methods. Computer testing ofthe functional state of volleyball players of different ages.Results.We found that volleyball players of different ages showed a higher level of functional training compared to non-athletes. Originality.Age features of the functional state of volleyball players of different ages and non-athletes are revealed.Conclusion.As a result of studying the functional state of volleyball players of different ages, we found that the formation and potential of bioenergetic capabilities of the body increased with age in both athletes and non-athletes.It was proved that the process of formation and improvement of bioenergetic characteristics of volleyball players was more intensive and was characterized by the advanced nature of development compared to non-athletes.It was found that the improvement of energy capabilities of volleyball players in ontogenesis occurred due to changes in the power of energy systems of the athlete’s body and demonstrated their plasticity and ability to improve in the process of long-term volleyball.Keywords:ontogenesis; individual-typological properties; bioenergy potential; volleyball

Виробництво сировинного матеріалу цукрового сорго на рекультивованих землях

Bioenergetic characteristics of quantitative and qualitative properties of sweet sorghumhybrids are provided on the basis of a comprehensive study under conditions of cultivationon reclaimed lands. The results of studying the growth and yield characteristics of hybrids ofdomestic and American selection during four years from 2016 to 2019 under the conditions of thePokrov educational and scientific station of land reclamation DSAEU are presented. The height ofthe crop stands varied from 235.3 to 300.0 cm when growing sweet sorghum on various substratesof mining formations. The lowest yield of green biomass was observed mainly on gray-green clay(38.1 t/ha), and the highest – on loess-like loam (101.0 t/ha). Fertililizing with nitrogen fertilizerand biohumate by fertigation helped to strengthen vertical growth, increase the yield of greenbiomass and sweet sorghum grains. The greatest effect was obtained for American hybrids. ForUkrainian hybrids, the application of nitrogen fertilizers had a positive effect on black soil andloess-like loam while the effect of biohumate was noticed only on loess-like loam. Long-termresearch of the sweet sorghum hybrids allowed us to evaluate the studied objects by the level ofpossible production of green biomass and theoretical bioethanol. Ukrainian hybrids Medove andZubr using allow to produce on marginal lands from 3600 to 4250 l/ha of ethanol. The potential ofAmerican hybrids SS506 and Mohawk is slightly lower – 3150–3400 l/ha. Fertigation with nitrogenfertilizer increases the yield of theoretical ethanol from 27% to 68%, irrigation and additionof biohumate – from 15% to 36%

Bioenergetic Use of Araucaria Angustifolia Branches

The aim of this research was to characterize physically, chemically and energetically the branches of A. angustifolia of different dimensions and to compare them with the values ​​described in literature. Thirty branches from fifteen adult native trees were divided into three treatments, according to base diameter: (S) less than 0.06 m, (M) between 0.06 and 0.10 m and (L) greater than 0.10 m. A. angustifolia branches of all dimensions shown desirable bioenergetic characteristics, with high calorific value, low ash content, volatile material content and fixed carbon adequate. Basic density was 470.18 kg.m-3, fixed carbon and volatile content showed a significant difference between classes L and S. Ash content was close to 1.0%. Gross calorific value showed an average of 4,743.3 kcal.kg-1. In comparison with the data found in the literature, A. angustifolia branches presented energetic qualities superior to several woods forest species traditionally used as bioenergy. The results obtained here demonstrate the energetic potential of A. angustifolia branches for energy generation and encourage studies on this coproduct as a profitable and ecological option, as it does not need to cut the tree, and may contribute to conservation of specie.

Bioenergetic traits of three keystone marine species in the food web of a pristine Patagonian fjord

The Patagonian fjords are high-latitude aquatic ecosystems, highly sensitive to climate change and play a key role in the exchange of organic matter and carbon flows between terrestrial and marine environments. The bioenergetic composition of species living in these ecosystems are fundamental to understanding the distribution, seasonal variations, and exchange of organic matter within benthic communities. This study reports on the bioenergetic characteristics (lipids, protein, glucose, and energy content) of three keystone species with different life-style and feeding habits: a benthic sea star (Ctenodiscus australis); squat lobster (Munida gregaria); and a Patagonian notothenioid (Eleginops maclovinus). Samples were obtained from the Yendegaia Fjord (54°40'S - 68°50′W) in Chilean Patagonia. Our results indicate that M. gregaria has higher concentrations of lipids, proteins, glucose, and total energy compared to either E. maclovinus or C. australis. The predominance of lipids in all species is possibly related to physiological characteristics and feeding strategies. Also, may be associated with the availability of food and environmental conditions typical of a fjord ecosystem and the reproductive stage in that they were collected. These results suggest that marine animals inhabiting glacially influenced environments with low temperature and low productivity, requires a convergent physiological strategy characterized by high levels of energy storage (i.e. lipids) for metabolism and key bioenergetic processes such as growth and reproduction.

Application of Physical Factors in Complex Etiopathogenetic Therapy Patients with Coronavirus-19

Fundamental scientific research of domestic and foreign scientists strongly suggests that the progress of medicine is impossible without the widespread use of modern physical factors in the diagnosis, prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of almost all nosologically forms of diseases from newborns to old age of patients. Each micro-and macro-organism has individual bioenergetic characteristics corresponding to its type, which is the main condition for normal life activity of the organism. In the case of “alien” bioenergetic characteristics, specific biological processes inherent in this organism are disrupted, which leads to its death [1]. The biopotential of each person is strictly individual in both normal and pathological conditions. The degree of deviation of the biopotential corresponds to the stage of development of the disease, i.e. the formation of intermediate States of the body with a violation of its supramolecular structures.

Chemical and Bioenergetic Characterization of Biofuels from Plant Biomass: Perspectives for Southern Europe

The global demand for and, therefore, the production of primary energy is continuously increasing. Consequently, the need to intervene with appropriate measures has arisen in order to achieve sustainable economic, social, and environmental objectives. The reduction of fuel and electricity consumption, the containment of atmospheric emissions of greenhouse gases (like carbon dioxide, methane, other hydrocarbons, and nitrous oxide), and the improvement of environmental quality in urban centers can be considered to be among these objectives. The search for efficient measures for the overall improvement of the environment is directed towards the replacement of traditional fossil fuels with the production of bioenergy (also known as green energy) from different materials and biomasses obtained from specific agricultural activities and/or plant residues. These materials have physico-chemical and biological characteristics of interest regarding their use as sources of renewable energy. The purpose of this review was to provide an overview of the chemical and bioenergetic characteristics of biofuels, the main techniques and processes employed for their production, and the characteristics of the different feedstock materials, especially potential energy crops.