Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Method Research Articles

Body composition changes following total thyroidectomy: A one-year follow-up study

IntroductionThyroid hormones play an important role in body weight regulation. In this study, we investigated which body composition parameters cause a change in body weight after total thyroidectomy. Materials and methodWe performed a retrospective cohort study of a prospectively maintained database of patients who underwent total thyroidectomy. Demographics, thyroid function tests, indications for surgery, final pathology, and postoperative thyroid status were collected. Body composition analyses measured by the bioelectrical impedance analysis method were recorded at two-time points, 12 months apart. ResultsForty-four patients were included in the study with a mean age of 51.6 years. There were statistically significant increases in weight (p=0.049), body mass index (p=0.021), and fat mass (p=0.001) over time. While 12 patients (27.3%) lost or maintained weight, 32 patients (72.7%) gained weight. There was no significant difference in age, sex, preoperative thyroid function tests, postoperative thyroid status, or pathology between those who gained weight and those who did not. Although changes in all body composition parameters were higher in males than in females, these differences were not significant overall. Multivariable regression analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between increase in fat mass and baseline free-T3 (p=0.041) and found that lower baseline percent body fat was a significant factor for greater fat mass gain (p=0.016). However, no predictors of change in weight were identified. ConclusionWe conclude that total thyroidectomy results in a significant change in body weight and fat mass. Higher free-T3 and lower percent body fat at baseline were significant factors of fat mass gain.

Differences in Body Composition Analysis by DEXA, Skinfold and BIA Methods in Young Football Players.

The most widely used method in professional sports for fat percentage assessment is the skinfold method. However, there is the chance of bias and human error. For this reason, other more precise methods are used, such as single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) or dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). However, there are limited data that demonstrate the methodological shortcomings or congruences in fat and fat-free mass estimates including gender differences and differences in athlete populations. Thus, the aim of the present study was to compare total body fat (%BF) estimated by six skinfold thickness measurement (SKF) and single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) methods, using three different sets of equations, to that assessed by the dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) method using a DEXA Hologic Serie Discovery QDR. For this aim, 76 males and 70 females belonging to the professional Spanish football federation were evaluated. We found significant differences between the three measures. BIA significantly underestimates the fat percentage, followed by skinfolds. With DEXA being the more objective or accurate method, an equation is established by means of linear regression analysis that allows the percentage of adipose tissue to be obtained either through anthropometry or electrical bioimpedance and adjusted to that which would be obtained by the DEXA system.

Accuracy of Y-scope, a newly developed portable abdominal impedance analyzer, for the assessment of abdominal visceral fat area.

AimThis study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of a newly developed multifrequency segmental (MFS) bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method using an additional portable abdominal (PA) impedance analyzer, in the assessment of abdominal visceral fat area (VFA).Materials and methodsOne hundred healthy Korean subjects aged 19 years or over (43 men and 57 women) were recruited, and VFA was estimated by a conventional MFS-BIA machine and a new MFS-BIA machine with a PA-BIA device, indicating MFS-VFA and MFS&PA-VFA, respectively. The accuracy of the VFA values was compared with those evaluated with CT at the level of the umbilicus (CT-VFA).ResultsThe mean age was 41 years and mean body mass index (BMI) was 24.4 kg/m2. The mean ± SD VFAs measured by CT, conventional MFS-BIA, and new MFS&PA-BIA together were 93.4 ± 60.9, 92.7 ± 53.4, and 93.6 ± 55.4 cm2, respectively. Correlation coefficients comparing CT-VFA with MFS-VFA and MFS&PA-VFA were 0.612 and 0.932, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). The mean difference between CT-VFA and MFS&PA-VFA was less affected by age, sex, and BMI compared with that between CT-VFA and MFS-VFA. Intraclass correlation coefficient (95% CI) between CT-VFA and MFS&PA-VFA was also greater than that between CT-VFA and MFS-VFA, 0.96 (0.95–0.98) vs. 0.76 (0.64–0.84), respectively.ConclusionIn this study, application of a newly developed MFS-BIA machine combined with a PA-BIA device significantly improved the correlation with CT-measured VFA without proportional error. This novel approach using advanced technology may be able to provide more reliable estimates of abdominal VFA.

The prevalence and risk factors of sarcopenia among Thai community-dwelling older adults as defined by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS-2019) criteria: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThis study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors for sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia among urban community-dwelling adults in Thailand, using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS-2019) criteria.MethodsThis cross-sectional study comprising 892 older adults aged > 60 years analyzed data from a cohort study (Bangkok Falls study; 2019–2021). The appendicular skeletal muscle mass was evaluated using the Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) method. Physical performance and muscle strength were evaluated using the five-time sit-to-stand and handgrip strength tests, respectively. Logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with sarcopenia.ResultsThe prevalence rates of sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia were 22.2% and 9.4%, respectively. Age ≥ 70 years (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 2.40; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.67–3.45), body mass index (BMI) of < 18.5 kg/m2 (aOR, 8.79; 95% CI, 4.44–17.39), Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) score of < 24 (aOR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.24–2.48), and a six-item cognitive screening test score of ≥ 8 (aOR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.08–12.15) were associated with sarcopenia. Likewise, age ≥ 70 years, BMI < 18.5 kg/m2, and an MNA score of < 24 predicted severe sarcopenia.ConclusionOne-third of the urban community-dwelling older Thai adults had sarcopenia or severe sarcopenia. The age ≥ 70 years, low BMI, and inadequate nutrition increased the risk of both sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia while impaired cognitive functions predicted only sarcopenia in this population.

Assessing nutritional status in older adults requiring long-term care: Interchangeability of bioelectrical impedance analysis and manual methods for upper arm anthropometric measurements.

In older adults, arm circumference and arm muscle circumference are common nutritional assessment tools. Bioelectrical impedance analysis devices can automatically measure arm circumference and arm muscle circumference. However, the interchangeability of the measurements made by bioelectrical impedance analysis with the actual manual measurements has not been clarified. This study examined the interchangeability of these two measurements and their relationship with sarcopenia. The interchangeability between bioelectrical impedance analysis and manual arm circumference and arm muscle circumference measurements was calculated using Bland-Altman analysis in 112 older adults certified to require long-term care in the Japanese system. Furthermore, multivariate analysis was used to investigate the association between arm circumference and arm muscle circumference obtained using the bioelectrical impedance analysis method and sarcopenia. The bioelectrical impedance analysis and manual methods were interchangeable, with a percentage error of <15% (arm circumference 13.54% and arm muscle circumference 13.54%) for the upper arm anthropometric measurement. In multivariate analysis, decreased arm muscle circumference was significantly associated with sarcopenia risk. Values obtained using the bioelectrical impedance analysis method were interchangeable with the values obtained using manual measurement. This shows that upper arm anthropometric measurement using bioelectrical impedance analysis might be useful as a nutritional assessment tool for older adults requiring long-term care. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 938-942.

Body Composition and Anthropometric Indicators in Children and Adolescents 6-15 Years Old.

The problem of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents has now become a major public health challenge worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of age and gender on body composition components and anthropometric indices of children and adolescents aged 6–15 years; in addition, the study aimed to assess body composition indices in relation to BMI (Body Mass Index) levels. The study was conducted at the end of 2019 and in the first quarter of 2020 among 181 pupils attending primary schools. Waist circumference, hip circumference, body weight, and body height were measured. The collected data were used to calculate and then to analyse BMI, WHR (Waist-Hip Ratio), and WHtR (Waist to Height Ratio) indices. Body composition was determined with the use of the Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). The analyses’ statistics were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 24 and Excel. The statistical methods used included Chi2 tests of independence, one-factor analysis of variance, and two-factor analysis of variance taking into account the level of α = 0.05. Based on the results, there were no statistically significant differences in the gender and age distributions of the BMI groups. However, the analysis of interaction effects confirmed that there were statistically significant differences according to pubertal age and gender in body fat, muscle mass, hydration, and WHR. Body composition in boys and girls before the age of 12 is similar while, after the age of 12, there are differences between boys and girls in terms of body composition so there is a need to deepen the assessment of body mass, especially in adolescents at the age of puberty, by body composition analysis using the BIA method.

Comparison of Body Composition and Body Mass Index in the Determination of Obesity in Schoolchildren.

Objective:The determination of obesity that develops with an increase in the percentage of fat in the body may not always be possible in the real sense with body mass index, which is frequently used in practice. This study aimed to compare the results obtained from body mass index and bioelectrical impedance analysis measurements in evaluating obesity in Turkish school-aged children using age-related percentile curves.Materials and Methods:The study included 1127 children (604 boys and 523 girls) recruited from a screening of the schools in the city center of Isparta between May 20 and June 20, 2014. Body mass index was calculated, and the variables of fat mass, body fat percentage, fat-free body mass, and total body water were measured with a Tanita BC-418 MA device.Results:According to the body mass index values, 23.8% of the study sample was overweight/obese, and according to bioelectrical impedance analysis, this rate was 14.7%. When examined by gender, males’ overweight/obese ratio was 19.9% (overweight 11.3% and obese 8.6%) according to body mass index and 12.9% (overweight 7.1% and obese 5.8%) using the bioelectrical impedance analysis method. In females, the overweight/obese ratio was 19% (overweight 9.4%, obese 9.6%) according to body mass index and 16.7% (overweight 9.6% and obese 7.1%) using the bioelectrical impedance analysis method.Conclusion:The results obtained from the weight-based body mass index method were not consistent with the body fat percentage results obtained with the bioelectrical impedance analysis method. Since the fat ratio is also crucial in evaluating obesity, care should be taken when diagnosing obesity using body mass index only.

Agreement Between Different Body Composition Methods And Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry In Adults

The assessment of body composition is often used in clinical practice for nutritional assessment and monitoring. The gold standard method, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), is hardly feasible in routine clinical practice. The bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method is a common applicable alternative because it is accessible and easy to use. In addition, methods that use artificial intelligence to assess body composition through photos (AI-Photo) began to emerge as cheaper alternatives than BIA. However, few studies have evaluated the agreement of different methods with DXA. PURPOSE: Evaluate the agreement between one IA-Photo method, three BIA devices and DXA for estimating body fat percent (BF%) in adults. METHODS: A total of 215 Brazilian adults, aged between 18 and 65 years, BMI from 18 to 35 kg/m2 and sedentary and physically active. Volunteers were evaluated by the IA-Photo method (Shaped, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil), bioimpedance scales of the inBody 270 (Biospace, California, USA), inBCA F-500 (Shenzhen, China), Omron HBF-514 (Kyoto, Japan) models and DXA (GE, Madison, USA) at an interval of 1 minute between the methods. The method of Bland-Altman (BA) was used to evaluate the identify the 95% limits of agreement and BIAS between IA-Photo method and BIA devices with DXA. Lin's Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC) was utilized to evaluate concordance between each method with DXA. RESULTS: Confidence interval values are represented by the dotted line and the BIAS by the dashed line (Figure 1). The BIAS value of the %error between methods and DXA ranged from 3.33 (Shaped) to 12.2 (inBody-270). CCC was 0.96; 0.93; 0.91 and 0.45 for the Shaped, Omron, inBody-270 and inBCA F-500 methods. The inBody and Omron model BIAs presented a significant p value for the linear regression in the BA plot, indicating a proportion bias in relation to the BF%. CONCLUSIONS: Shaped and Omron had greater agreement with the DXA compared to inBody-270 and inBCA F-500 for estimating BF%.

Evaluation of Skeletal Muscle Mass in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease Shows Different Results Based on Bioelectric Impedance Analysis and Computed Tomography

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the difference between computed tomography (CT)-based and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)-based assessment of sarcopenia in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). Methods: We enrolled a total of 257 patients who were evaluated with or without sarcopenia. Sarcopenia was defined as a low skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) with low muscular strength by the Japan Society of Hepatology. To evaluate whether or not the different methods influence the diagnosis of sarcopenia for patients with CLD, we assessed the number and characteristics of mismatches between the low SMI using BIA and CT. We also compared the overall survival (OS) in patients with and without sarcopenia based on CT and BIA to evaluate the appropriate methods. Results: The numbers of patients with low SMI using BIA or CT were 53 (20.6%) and 114 (44.3%) patients, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that hepatic ascites and body weight were independent factors of mismatch between SMI using BIA versus CT (hazard ratio [HR] 3.232, p < 0.001; HR 2.347, p = 0.005, respectively). The median OS in patients with sarcopenia based on CT was significantly lower than that in patients without sarcopenia (p = 0.006). In contrast, there was no difference between patients with sarcopenia based on BIA (p = 0.217). Conclusion: Muscle mass in patients with CLD may be overestimated by the BIA method compared to CT when assessing sarcopenia, especially in cases of fluid retention.

The utility of bioelectrical impedance analysis to assess nutritional status of patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities.

We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of the bioelectrical impedance analysis method in the nutritional assessment of patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities. Eighty patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities were included in the study, and the samples collected were biochemical and body composition data were obtained from regular blood samples and using the bioelectrical impedance analysis method. Nutritional status was scored from the biochemical data, and the subjects were divided into three groups: well-nourished, mildly malnourished, and moderately malnourished. The data that changed significantly with worsening nutritional status were serum albumin, total lymphocyte count, skeletal muscle ratio, phase angle, edema index, and body cell mass normalized by height. There were no significant differences in total lymphocyte count and body cell mass normalized by height between the groups. phase angle and edema index, which have been reported to be useful in nutritional assessment, responded sensitively to this nutritional score. Skeletal muscle ratio, which has been reported less frequently, has also been suggested to be useful in the nutritional assessment of severe motor and intellectual disabilities. Low skeletal muscle ratio, low phase angle, and high edema index were significantly suggestive of malnutrition in patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities, and correlated significantly with biochemical data, a conventional nutritional index. Therefore, bioelectrical impedance analysis is a useful method for nutritional assessment in patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities.

Low Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Muscular Fitness, and Flexibility Are Associated with Body Fat Distribution and Obesity Risk Using Bioelectrical Impedance in Taiwanese Adults.

In terms of public health, obesity and overweight have become major concerns worldwide. Nevertheless, regarding body composition, it is important to have a more precise understanding of the fat-to-muscle ratio. Hence, this study aimed to adopt bioelectrical impedance measurements to test body fat percentage (BF%) and to determine the associations between health-related physical fitness and both body fat (BF) distribution and BF obesity risk in Taiwanese adults. We conducted a cross-sectional study and reviewed data derived from Taiwan’s Scientific Physical Fitness Survey. From the database, responses from 17,970 participants aged 23–64 years were collected in this study. Each participant completed a series of health-related physical fitness measurements, including cardiorespiratory fitness (3 min of a progressive knee-up and step (3MPKS) test), muscular fitness (hand-grip strength), and flexibility (sit-and-reach test). The BF% of each participant was assessed using the bioelectrical impedance analysis method. BF% was negatively associated with low performance on the 3MPKS (β = 11.314, p < 0.0001 for men; β = 12.308, p < 0.0001 for women), hand-grip strength (β = 2.071, p < 0.0001 for men; β = 0.859, p < 0.0001 for women), and sit-and-reach (β = 0.337, p = 0.008 for women) tests but was positively associated with sit-and-reach (β = −0.394, p = 0.004 for men). A risk of BF obesity for low performance of 3MPKS (odds ratio (OR) = 26.554, p < 0.0001 for men; OR = 25.808, p < 0.0001 for women), hand-grip strength (OR = 1.682, p < 0.0001 for men; OR = 1.234, p < 0.0001 for women), and sit-and-reach (OR = 1.142, p = 0.007 for women) tests was observed. These results suggest that low levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness, and flexibility are associated with an increased risk of BF obesity.

The bioimpedance phase angle may be associated with frailty in rheumatoid arthritis patients: Results from a prospective, cohort study.

This study investigated whether the phase angle (PhA) on bioelectrical impedance analysis is related to frailty in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Data from a prospective cohort study of RA patients were analysed. The PhA was assessed by the bioelectrical impedance analysis method, and frailty was assessed by the Kihon Check List (KCL) annually. The cut-off value of the PhA for frailty was calculated by receiver-operating characteristic analysis. The relationships between the PhA and frailty were evaluated by logistic regression analysis. The relationships between the change in PhA and frailty status and the KCL score were evaluated by analysis of covariance and multiple regression analysis. A total of 170 patients (81.2% female, 66.2 ± 13.1 years) were included in the analysis. A PhA of less than the cut-off for frailty was significantly associated with frailty (odds ratio: 4.75, 95% confidence interval: 1.86, 12.17). The change in the PhA was significantly associated with the change in the KCL score (β = -0.15). In robust patients, there was a significant difference in the rate of change of the PhA between the group that became pre-frail in the next year and the group that remained robust. The PhA may be associated with frailty in RA patients.

PB2181: DOES SARCOPENIA INFLUENCE THE SUCCESS OF HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION?

Background: Sarcopenia has been widely studied in solid tumors. However, its presence and prognostic significance in hematological malignancies and transplantation cases are not clear enough. Aims: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the presence of sarcopenia and its effects on transplantation success in patients undergone stem cell transplantation. Methods: Twenty-four patients who had autologous or allogenic stem cell transplantation between May 2021 and January 2022 were included in this study. Patients who had a secondary non-hematological malignancy, neuropathy or paralysis, chronic liver/kidney disease, glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min, congestive heart failure were excluded. Patients with a body mass index (BMI) <20.0 kg/m2; 20.0 - 24.9 kg/m2; 25.0 -29.9 kg/m2; > 30 kg/m2 were considered as underweight; normal weight; overweight and obese respectively. Low muscle mass was evaluated with the Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) method. TANITA-SC-240MA device was used to measure body composition by BIA method. The low skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) was considered as ≤10.76 kg/m2 in men and ≤ 6.76 kg/m2 in women. The muscle strength was evaluated by using a handgrip dynamometer (TAKEI 5401 Hand Dynamometer, 100 kg). The average of 3 measurements were calculated and <30 kg in men and <20 kg in women were considered as low muscle strength. Patients were evaluated by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), hand grip test, sit-stand test within 1 week before administration of preparative regimens for stem cell transplantation. The neutrophil and trombocyte engraftment days, presence of bacteremia, need for thrombocyte infusion and hospitalization time were analyzed due to the presence of sarcopenia. Results: 24 patients were included in our study. The median age of the patients was 48 (23-67), and 16 patients (66%) were female. Three patients (12.5%) were 65 years or older. Two patients had autologous stem cell transplantation previously and were undergone allogeneic transplantation due to the relaps. Among all patients, 5 patients (20.8%) were obese, 5 patients (20.8%) were overweight, 9 patients were (37.5%) normal weight and 5 patients were (20.8%) underweight. 4 patients (16.6%) were determined as sarcopenic. According to the BMI values of the sarcopenic patients, 3 were underweight and 1 was obese. Muscle strength and SMI were significantly lower in patients with sarcopenia (p: 0.035; p: 0.01, respectively) (Table 1). There was no significant relationship between the presence of sarcopenia and gender, age, BMI, diagnosis, neutrophil and platelet engraftment days. Although the length of hospitalization in patients with sarcopenia seemed to be longer, it was not statistically significant (p=0.83) (Table 1). The administration of parenteral nutrition was more frequent in patients with diabetes mellitus. When the patients were evaluated in terms of mortality on the 100th day, this value was found to be 50% in the group with sarcopenia. Image:Summary/Conclusion: Sarcopenia is more common in patients who are candidates for allogenic transplantation compared to autologous transplantation. However, since the number of patients included in our study was low, the effect of sarcopenia on transplantation success could not fully clarified. Prospective studies with larger number of patients are needed on this subject.

State of Body Bioimpedance Parameters after Massage Therapy

Massage therapy is commonly non-invasive, non-harmful, economical, pleasant, and greatly appreciated by the recipients. The Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) method has been identified as one of the fastest, simple, and safest non-invasive techniques for measuring the body bioimpedance parameters after the massage therapy. This study aims to evaluate massage therapy's effect on the body bioimpedance parameters of the subject using the Bioelectrical Impedance method. The male bioimpedance parameters were measured before and after massage therapy by using the Microtest 6378 Impedance Analyzer. The measured bioimpedance parameters were capacitance (C), phase angle (θ), impedance (Z), resistance (R), and reactance (X). The other body composition parameters were then calculated, including basal metabolic rate (BMR), fat mass (FM), fat free mass (FFM), total body water (TBW) intracellular water (ICW), and extracellular water (ECW). The measurements of bioimpedance and body composition parameters were significantly different before and after the massage therapy. In addition, the massage therapy increased the capacitance, phase angle, impedance, resistance, reactance, fat mass, and intracellular water. However, the massage therapy decreased the BMR, FFM, TBW, and ECW. The study findings show that massage therapy has a significant impact on bioimpedance and body composition parameters in maintaining good health.

Serum irisin levels in newly diagnosed type-II diabetic patients: No association with the overall diet quality but strong association with fruit intake.

This study aimed to investigate the serum irisin levels and diet quality of newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in comparison with healthy controls and to identify the correlations between serum irisin levels with diet quality, anthropometric measurements and biochemical parameters. This case-control study was conducted with 38 newly-diagnosed T2DM patients and 38 healthy control individuals. Diet quality was calculated from the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire by using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2015. The anthropometric measurements were taken and body composition was analyzed with bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) method. Biochemical parameters and serum irisin levels were analyzed in blood samples which were obtained after overnight fasting. Irisin levels were higher in the T2DM group compared to the healthy control group (2.57±0.44ng/mL and 2.15±0.44ng/mL, respectively; p<0.001). The optimal cut-off value for irisin to predict T2DM was 2.195ng/mL (specificity=71.1%, sensitivity=78.9%). In both groups, irisin levels were not associated with overall HEI 2015; however, they were positively associated with total and whole fruit scores in the T2DM group (p<0.05). After adjustment according to age, sex and BMI, in the T2DM group HDL cholesterol positively affected by irisin levels, while in the control group triglyceride positively affected irisin levels (p<0.05). High levels of irisin in newly diagnosed T2DM patients compared to healthy individuals indicate that irisin may have a role in the monitoring and treatment of T2DM. Though irisin levels were not associated with total diet quality, they were associated with fruit consumption.

Novel Insight into the Relationship Between Muscle-Fat and Bone in Type 2 Diabetes Ranging from Normal Weight to Obesity.

ObjectiveDecreased bone mineral density (BMD) is a common complication in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Body weight, mainly consisting of muscle and fat, is the main determinant of BMD and fracture risks but does not accurately describe nutritional status. Most studies suggest that skeletal muscle mass (SMM) promotes BMD, while body fat mass (BFM) decreases BMD. However, the combined effect of SMM and BFM on BMD is elusive. Thus, the study aims to explore the combined effect of fat and muscle by the ratio index SMM/BFM on BMD in T2DM.MethodsBFM and SMM were measured by the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method among 593 T2DM individuals ranging from normal weight and obesity. BMD was analyzed by DXA. Novel non-linear generalized additive models (GAMs) were used as the statistical analysis method.ResultsThe results demonstrated that BMD T score/Z score of both femur and lumbar vertebrae were significantly higher and waist–hip ratio (WHR) was significantly lower in the high SMM/BFM group of both normal weight and overweight groups in T2DM individuals. Hence, SMM/BFM might be a good factor indicating BMD in different weight ranges. Additionally, the relationship between muscle fat and BMD was not linear. Notably, this correlation was not influenced by hyperglycemia in T2DM since different analytic models adjusted with the age, gender, BMI and HbA1c were adopted in this study. Furthermore, the impact of trunk fat (central, visceral fat most) and non-trunk fat (peripheral, the sum of subcutaneous limb fat most) on BMD was inconsistent. BMD presented unlimited reduction with trunk BFM increasing, while sustaining minimal diminishment with non-trunk BFM accumulation.ConclusionOur study provided a novel viewpoint relationship between muscle-fat and bone, and SMM/BFM might be a potential biomarker for bone health and clinical treatments of diabetes and related metabolic syndromes.

Comparison of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis and Skinfold Thickness to Determine Body Fat Percentage among Young Women

Body composition analysis (BCA) measurements are the quantitative methods to evaluate nutritional status and adiposity. There is an increased need for BCA methods, especially calculation of body fat percentage with better sensitivity and precision. This study is focused on estimation of body fat percentage using two methods. Objective of the study was to compare body fat percentage obtained using four-site skinfold thickness (SFT) measurement with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) of young women. The 4-site SFTs were measured at triceps, bicep, subscapular and suprailiac region, using Harpenden caliper. Body fat percentage was computed using sum of skinfolds and Durnin-Womersley equation. BIA was done using a body composition analyzer. Statistical analysis including the Bland-Altman plot was performed in SPSS software v.23.0 and MS Excel. A total of 310 women (age 18-25 years) participated in this cross-sectional study. Mean BMI of participants was 22.2±5.05 kg/m2. Body fat percentage from skinfold thickness and BIA techniques were 32.79±5.048% and 33.85±5.32% respectively. Although there was a positive correlation (p&lt;0.01) observed between the two methods, Bland-Altman plot indicated a proportional bias (r=0.176, p&lt;0.05). It also showed difference of agreement between SFT &amp; BIA methods. BIA overestimates the body fat percentage with limits of agreement range -5.33% to 3.28%. Our study reported that BIA overestimates body fat percentages compared to SFT. However, the two methods are not interchangeable. Evaluating anthropometric measurements is considered useful method as it controls regional changes of subcutaneous adiposity, whereas BIA technique can be used for its practical applicability.

EFFECT OF ALBUMIN SOLUTION ON THE BODY WATER COMPARTMENTS IN WOMEN WITH PREECLAMPSIA

Abstract. Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder initially caused by endothelial cell dysfunction, which results in reduced intravascular volume and hypervolemia in the interstitial space. Albumin stabilizes the endothelial glycocalyx and, therefore, ensures the integrity of the vascular barrier.&#x0D; The aim of the study. To investigate the effect of albumin - saluretic infusion on the body water compartments in women with preeclampsia.&#x0D; Materials and methods. 60 women were examined during the study. The first group included women with preeclampsia who were provided with standard infusion therapy. The second group: women with preeclampsia who were provided with standard infusion therapy and continuous infusion of 20% albumin (8 ml/h on the 1st day; 4 ml/h on the 2nd and 3rd days) and furosemide (0.05 mg/kg/h on the 1st day; 0.025 mg/kg/h on 2nd and 3rd days) solution for 72 hours simultaneously. The method of non-invasive bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to measure the body water compartments at 5 stages: onset of labor, 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th day after the birth.&#x0D; Results. Our study showed the method of providing a continuous albumin - saluretic infusion for 72 hours in addition to the standard infusion therapy. The effectiveness and advisability of the method was proved by changes in body water compartments. On the 3rd day of monitoring, the volume of extracellular fluid decreased by 19.6% (p&lt;0.001), and by 7th day - by 24.6% (p&lt;0.001). At the same time, the volume of interstitial fluid decreased by 2.78 l, or 31.7% (p&lt;0.001) compared to the initial level, significantly approaching the interstitial fluid volume in non-pregnant women. Clinically, this decrease helped in regression of the edema syndrome and stabilization of blood pressure to the level of normotension.&#x0D; Conclusions. Providing a continuous infusion of 20% albumin and furosemide solution for 72 hours in addition to the standard infusion therapy normalizes the body water compartments in women with preeclampsia by the 7th day of the postpartum period.

Association of Individuals’ Chronotypes With Obesity and Body Composition in Tehrani Adults in 2020

Objective: Individual’s preferences in time for sleeping, waking up, doing physical and mental activity is dependent on chronotypes. According to these preferences, individuals are categorized to morningness, intermediate, and eveningness chronotype. Recently, it has been suggested that chronotypes are involved in regulation of sleep, appetite, and some metabolic factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between chronotypes, obesity, body fat, and lean mass in Tehrani adults.Methods: It was a cross-sectional study on 353 adults aged 18–60 years who referred to Tehran community centers. After anthropometric measurements and collecting data on general information, choronotype, physical activity and 3-day food recalls, fat mass, and lean mass were measured using the method of bioelectrical impedance analysis. SPSS 21 was used to statistical analysis.Results: Of total 353 participants, 11%, 47.6%, and 41.4% had eveningness, intermediate, and morningness chronotypes, respectively. The mean age of individuals with morningness and intermediate was higher than those with eveningness. The prevalence of eveningness in men was higher than in women (p=0.001). Fat mass and lean mass in individuals with eveningness type were higher and lower than those with morningness, respectively (p&lt;0.05). Body mass index and waist circumference showed no significant difference among chronotypes.Conclusion: Eveningness type is associated with increase in fat mass and decrease in lean mass. The effects of chronotype on body fat and lean mass are independent of obesity.

Investigating Body Mass Index and Body Composition in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Case-Control Study.

Background Antipsychotics exert metabolic side effects, and prolonged treatment with antipsychotics causes changes in body weight and muscle composition. Nevertheless, reports on the changes in body composition of patients with schizophrenia have been limited. This study is aimed at comparing the body mass index and body composition of patients with schizophrenia with healthy individuals in Indonesia. Methods A total of 195 patients with schizophrenia (148 males and 47 females) and 195 healthy individuals matched by gender were recruited. Using the Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis method, the participants' body compositions were measured. Results Compared to healthy individuals, the patient group exhibited a higher rate of underweight as well as a lower rate of overweight and obesity. Multiple regression analysis confirmed the associations between the body mass index and all measured body compositions. Furthermore, the diagnosis of schizophrenia is significantly associated with lower muscle mass, lower bone mass, higher basal metabolic rate, older metabolic age, and higher total body water. Conclusions The results showed that patients with schizophrenia are at a greater risk of a lower quality of certain components of body composition. Priority should be given to research that addresses increasing the patient's level of physical activity.