Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Method Research Articles

The Relationship Between Body Mass Index, Percent Body Fat, And Belly Fat With U20 Futsal Athlete Fitness

This study aims to determine the relationship between body mass index, body fat, and physical fitness of U20 futsal players at the Futsal Student Activity Unit (UKM) University of Indonesia and Pivot FC Club. The data collection technique was carried out by measuring the futsal team of the University of Indonesia and Pivot FC with Purposive Sampling totaling 32 people. Aerobic capacity values are taken through a bleep test. The values of body mass index, body fat, and visceral fat are taken through the BIA (Bioelectric Impedance Analysis) method The data obtained is then processed and analyzed using SPSS. The results of the analysis using SPSS obtained an average VO2Max value of 36.64 / kg/minute while the average body mass index, body fat, and visceral fat respectively were 21.2, 14.2%, and 4.81. The results of the Spearman Rank correlation test (1) there is a correlation between body mass index and physical fitness of r = -0.471 and the significance of P-Value = 0.007 (2) there is a correlation between body fat and physical fitness of r = -391 and the significance of P-Value = 0.027 (3) there is a correlation between visceral fat and physical fitness of r = -409 and the significance of P-Value 0.020. The results of the analysis through UI showed that there was an inverse relationship with the value of body mass

Association between Variation in Body Fat Mass Magnitude and Intake of Nutrients, including Carbohydrates, Fat, and B Vitamins, in a Cohort of Highly Trained Female Athletes.

The most common sports nutrition strategies were constructed not only for maximizing musculoskeletal adaptations to exercise, but also to minimize health risks in athletes. Given the lack of research highlighting the potential effects of the intake of carbohydrates, fats, and B vitamins on body fat percentage in a population of female athletes, this study aimed to elucidate whether the intake of macronutrients and B vitamins could be associated with the variation in body fat percentage in a cohort of professional female athletes. This cross-sectional study was weighted to represent Lithuanian elite female athletes (n = 89). The dietary assessment of the female athletes was carried out using a 3-day dietary recall method. Their body composition was assessed using the bioelectrical impedance analysis method. For females, the reported average intakes of energy, carbohydrates, protein, and fat were 2475 kcal/day, 5.1 g/kg/day, 1.5 g/kg/day, and 36.7%, respectively. Excess B vitamin intake was revealed, ranging within plus 1-2 standard deviations (SDs) around the mean requirements. As a consequence, excessive body fat percentage was potentially factored as a negative outcome in maintaining optimal body composition in female athletes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of a sample of female athletes revealed that, despite a slightly positive energy balance (∆ 95 kcal/day), the carbohydrate-deficient diet (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.1; 0.7), along with higher intakes of vitamin B1 (aOR 2.9, 95% CI 2.6; 7.8), vitamin B2 (aOR 6.7, 95% CI 1.1; 8.3), and vitamin B3 (aOR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4; 7.8) from food, was associated with a lower percentage of body fat. Therefore, more attention should be given to the intake of B vitamins in professional athletes with a range of body fat mass percentages for the purpose of achieving long-term goals of maintaining body composition and fitness.

Association of Serum Irisin Levels with Body Composition, Metabolic Profile, Leptin, and Adiponectin Levels in Lean and Obese Children.

Background and Objectives: Irisin is an adipo-myokine with potential metabolic effects in the body, and its association with childhood obesity is still controversial. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum irisin levels and anthropometric parameters, body composition, metabolic profiles, leptin, and adiponectin in obese and normal-weight children. Methods: The study sample consisted of a total of 80 children aged 6-10, including 44 obese children (BMI ≥ 97th percentile) and 36 normal-weight children. Anthropometric parameters were measured. Body composition was determined with the use of the Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) method. Metabolic profiles, as well as irisin, leptin, and adiponectin levels, were analyzed. Results: Anthropometric parameters and body composition were found to be significantly different between the obese and normal-weight groups (p < 0.05). Fasting blood glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and leptin levels were found to be significantly higher in the obese group, while the normal-weight group had significantly higher HDL cholesterol and adiponectin levels (p < 0.05). Serum irisin levels did not differ between the obese and normal-weight groups, or based on sex, vitamin D levels, and insulin resistance status. There was also no statistically significant correlation between serum irisin levels and anthropometric parameters, metabolic profile, leptin, and adiponectin. Conclusions: The study concluded that the obese children who participated in this study had high leptin levels and low adiponectin levels, with no significant difference in the irisin levels between the groups. More comprehensive clinical studies are needed to investigate the relationship between irisin and adipokines in children.

Evaluation of Hydration Status by Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease Undergoing Exercise Stress Test.

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) represents a group of clinical syndromes characterized by myocardial ischemia, leading to an impairment in the myocardial blood supply and compromised perfusion. Several clinical variables assessed through a stress test, such as oxygen uptake (VO2) and heart rate oxygen pulse (HR/O2), have been attributed as cardiopulmonary prognostic factors in patients with IHD. However, other factors like hydration status (HS), potentially affecting the cardiopulmonary response, have been barely addressed. Unbalanced HS has a short-term effect on plasma volume and the sympathetic nervous system, which impacts blood volume, and lowers VO2 and HR/O2. Recently, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), a method based on the opposition of body tissues (including fluid volume) to a low electrical current, has been widely used to assess HS by obtaining two components: resistance (R) and reactance (Xc) and using prediction formulas. However, several limitations as chronic illness or abnormal fluid status, may affect the results. In this sense, alternative BIA methods, such as bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA), have become relevant. R and Xc (adjusted by height) result in a vector plotted on the R/Xc graph, which allows interpreting the HS as normal or abnormal according to the distance of the mean vector. This study aims to describe how to determine HS by BIVA using a single-frequency device and compare the results with the cardiopulmonary response in patients with IHD.

Anthropometric Profiling and Changes in Segmental Body Composition of Professional Football Players in Relation to Age over the Training Macrocycle.

Body composition is an important indicator of the overall health and fitness of team sports athletes, including in football, and therefore, anthropometric profiling of elite football players is useful as part of determining their skills, strengths, and weaknesses to develop effective strength and conditioning programs. One of the tools available to coaches to track correlates of performance and health is routine body composition assessment. The purpose of this study is to describe and compare the body composition and anthropometric profiles of players using the Direct Segmental Multi-Frequency Bio-Electrical Impedance Analysis method, and to manage body composition throughout the round in the 2020-2021 season. The investigation was carried out during the Polish football league, PKO BP Ekstraklasa, spring round of the football season 2020-2021, in which male football players participated. Athletes between the ages of 18 and 25 (n = 16) made up the younger age group, while those between the ages of 26 and 31 (n = 22) made up the older age group. This manuscript is a continuation of the presentation of the results of the study, which was conducted between 7 January and 23 July 2021. At different stages of the macrocycle, participants underwent six different body composition analyses. The younger and older groups of athletes were compared, as well as measurements of time points 1-6. The dominant extremities, assisting extremities, and trunk had larger fat-free mass contents in the older age group. In the study groups, there was a difference in the fat-free mass content between measures 1-6 that was statistically significant. In the younger group, there was a statistically significant difference in the amount of fat mass content between measurements 1-6. In the older age group, no statistically significant changes were found. The study showed changes in fat-free mass and fat mass in body segments; differences were observed between age groups and between different moments of measurement. Age is an important factor in determining body composition and is also related to an athlete's experience and seniority. Anthropometric profiling and comprehensive body composition analysis are important tools used in preparing athletes for competition.

Establishing Benchmark Percentiles for the Classification of Body Fat Percentage of Professional Male Athletes Competing in Combat Sports through Bioimpedanciometry

Body composition as a meaningful factor can result in physiological responses in both the physical body and general health status. Nevertheless, the schemes for establishing cut-off points for identifying the classifications of the body fat percentage of athletes competing in combat sports still include gaps. The aim of this study was, by using bioimpedanciometry, to calculate the percentiles for the classification of body fat percentages in Lithuanian professional male athletes (n = 52) competing in combat sports with weight classes. A total of 52 Lithuanian professional male athletes competing in combat sports with weight classes were evaluated using a multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis method with frequencies ranging from 1 kHz to 1000 kHz. Percentiles P3, P10, P25, P50, P75, P90, and P97 were used to determine the classification. As a consequence, the following classification categories were assigned: 6.6–7.8% (extremely low); 7.9–10.9% (very low); 11.0–14.7% (below normal); 14.8–18.8% (normal); 18.9–21.5% (above normal); 21.6–29.3% (very excessive); and ≥29.4% (extremely excessive). The assessment of body composition in combat sports athletes identified an inverse association between higher body fat levels and a decrease in the muscle-to-fat ratio (β –1.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): –1.5; –1.0, p &lt; 0.001). The relationship between lower body fat percentage and lighter weight categories in which combat sports athletes from different combat sports were competing has been identified (β 0.3%, 95% CI: 0.2; 0.3, p &lt; 0.0001). The established cut-off points may assist sports medicine professionals and sports dietitians in monitoring the adiposity of combat sports athletes.

The interaction between CRY1 Polymorphism and Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) on cardiovascular risk factors in overweight women and women with obesity: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundAccording to some studies, diet can be interaction with CRY1 polymorphism and may be related to obesity and the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). So, this study examined the interaction between CRY1 polymorphism and AHEI on cardiovascular risk factors in overweight women and women with obesity.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was performed on 377 Iranian women with overweight and obesity aged 18–48(BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). Dietary intake was evaluated by the use of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) with 147 items. The AHEI was calculated based on previous studies. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were assessed and the bioelectrical impedance analysis method was used for body analysis. The rs2287161 was genotyped by the restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Objects were divided into three groups based on rs2287161 genotypes.ResultsOur findings determined that the prevalence of the C allele was 51.9% and the G allele was 48.0%. The mean age and BMI were 36.6 ± 9.1years and 31 ± 4 kg/m2 respectively. After controlling for confounders (BMI, age, total energy intake, and physical activity), this study demonstrated that there was a significant interaction between CC genotype and adherence to AHEI on odds of hyper LDL (OR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.24–3.05, P for interaction = 0.004), hypertension (OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.11–2.93, P for interaction = 0.01) and hyperglycemia (OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 0.98–2.47, P for interaction = 0.05).ConclusionsThis study indicated that adherence to AHEI can reduce the odds of hyper LDL, hypertension, and hyperglycemia in the CC genotype of rs2287161.

Differential Association of Dietary Linoleic Acid and Alpha-linolenic Acid with Adipose Tissue in a Sample of Iranian Adults; A Cohort-based Cross-sectional Study.

Overweight and obesity are the most critical risk factors for chronic diseases. The quality of dietary fatty acids as one of the factors affecting fat accumulation has received little attention. This study investigates the association between dietary linoleic acid (LA) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) with body fat indices in a sample of healthy Iranian adults. In this cohort-based cross-sectional study, 3,195 individuals aged 20 to 60 who participated in the Shiraz University of Medical Science Employees Health Cohort study were included. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated 118-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and body composition was assessed by the bioelectrical impedance analysis method. Multiple linear regression adjusted for relevant confounders was used to determine the associations. Mean dietary intake of LA was 14.20 ± 7.01 mg/day for men and 13.90 ± 6.71 mg/day for women. Additionally, the daily intake of ALA was 0.18 ± 0.18 mg/day in men and 0.17 ± 0.19 mg/day in women. Dietary intake of ALA for men had an inversely significant association with body fat mass (BFM) (β: -0.585, 95% CI: -1.137, -0.032, P=0.038), percentage of body fat (PBF) (β: -0.537, 95% CI: -0.945, -0.129, P=0.010), Visceral Fat Area (VFA) (β: -2.998, 95% CI: -5.695, -0.302, P=0.029), and Waist to Hip Ratio (WHR) (β: -0.689, 95% CI: -1.339, -0.040, P=0.038). Higher dietary ALA intake was associated with lower BFM, BFP, VAF, and WHR in men. The present study confirms that ALA intake should be considered a preventive treatment to improve body composition. However, further research is recommended in this regard.

Do Serum Galectin-9 Levels in Women with Gestational Diabetes and Healthy Ones Differ before or after Delivery? A Pilot Study

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic disease that occurs during pregnancy, with the placenta playing an important role in its pathophysiology. Currently, the role of galectin-9 in the development of GDM is unknown. The aim of this study was to compare galectin-9 concentrations in healthy pregnant women and those with GDM. Galectin-9 levels were assessed in serum samples taken both just before and after delivery, as well as in urine samples collected in the postpartum period. Maternal body composition and hydration status were evaluated using the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method. There were no statistically significant differences in the concentration of galectin-9 in women with GDM compared to healthy pregnant women in their serum samples taken just before delivery, nor in their serum and urine samples collected in the early postpartum period. However, serum galectin-9 concentrations taken before delivery were positively correlated with BMI and parameters related to the amount of adipose tissue assessed in the early postpartum period. Additionally, there was a correlation between serum galectin-9 concentrations taken before and after delivery. Galectin-9 is unlikely to become a diagnostic marker for GDM. However, this subject requires further clinical research in larger groups.

Relationship between the phase angle from bioelectrical impedance analysis and daily physical activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

This study aimed to examine the relationship between daily physical activity and the phase angle (PhA) obtained by bioelectrical impedance analysis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Data from a prospective cohort study of RA patients who were surveyed every year were analysed. The PhA was assessed by the bioelectrical impedance analysis method, and physical activity was assessed as the amount of time of exercise in metabolic equivalents (METs) per day using a triaxial accelerometer for 7 consecutive days. The association between physical activity and the PhA was evaluated using the isotemporal substitution model in multiple regression analysis. Seventy-six RA patients were included in the analysis (81% female and age 66.2 ± 13.1 years). On cross-sectional analysis, the isotemporal substitution model in multiple regression analysis showed that the PhA was 0.05 points higher every 10 minutes when activities with intensity of 1 ≤ METs < 2 were replaced by activities with intensity of ≥3 METs (P = .01). Over 1 year, the rate of change in the PhA was 0.69% higher every 10 minutes when activities with intensity of 1 ≤ METs < 2 were replaced by activities with intensity of ≥3 METs (P = .037). The PhA in RA patients may be related to physical activity level.

Association of anthropometric and body composition parameters with the presence of hypertension in the Central European population: results from KardioVize 2030 study

Background Hypertension is one of the most prevalent chronic non-communicable diseases and affects more than 60% of individuals over 60 years of age. Additionally, hypertension is a prominent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Human body composition is both the result and predictor of an individual’s health status, and hypertension has consistently been shown to be more prevalent among obese individuals. In the current study, we focussed on the association between body composition parameters and hypertension occurrence. Methods Data from KardioVize 2030, a population-based study (n = 1988), was used to determine the association between the body composition parameters related to both fat and water content with hypertension. Body composition was assessed using the direct segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis method (DSM-BIA). Results Using logistic regression modelling we found that the majority of hypertension incidence could be determined by body fat and water content, as hypertension occurrence was positively correlated with increased fat-related body composition parameters and water content. Specifically, results from this study demonstrate that increased intracellular fluid was positively associated with higher hypertension incidence in men (14%) and women (16%). Conclusion Body composition reflects the occurrence of hypertension and may serve as a novel therapeutic goal that can be easily implemented in the clinical setting using DSM-BIA.

Association of cardiometabolic risks with body composition in hemodialysis patients.

High body fat ratio is known as one of the main reasons that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. This study examined the relationship between body composition and cardiometabolic risks in hemodialysis (HD) patients. This study was conducted with chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients who received HD treatment between March 2020 and September 2021. Anthropometric measurements of the individuals and their body composition analyses were performed using the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method. Framingham risk scores were calculated in order to determine the cardiometabolic risk factors of individuals. According to the Framingham risk score, 15.96% of individuals were found to have a high cardiometabolic risk. The lean-fat tissue index (LTI)/(FTI), body shape index (BSI) and visceral adiposity index (VAI) (female-male) values of individuals with high risk according to the Framingham risk score were found to be 11.34±2.29, 13.52±2.88, 8.50±3.89, 9.60±3.07, 0.086±0.024, respectively. The effect of anthropometric measurements in estimating the Framingham risk score was examined using the linear regression analysis. The regression analysis performed with BMI, LTI, VAI values, it was determined that 1-unit increase in VAI increased the Framingham risk score by 1,468 units (OR: 0.951-1.952) (p=0.002). It has been discovered that indices indicating adipose tissue increase the Framingham risk score in HD patients, independent of BMI. It is recommended to evaluate the ratios showing body fat ratio in cardiovascular diseases.

The influence of the China GLIM standards on the diagnosis of malnutrition in patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplant.

The muscle-related indicator is removed from Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria implemented in China for many reasons. Patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplants are at nutrition risk and can enter into the second step of GLIM; thus, they are suitable for learning the diagnosing malnutrition significance between primary GLIM and GLIM-China criteria. This article aims to explore the role of muscle mass in the diagnostic criteria of malnutrition and the effects of GLIM-China for diagnosing malnutrition. A total of 98 inpatients with hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT) were recruited. Nutrition risk was assessed by using the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002). Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMI) and fat-free mass index (FFMI) were determined using the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method. Malnutrition is defined by GLIM-China, GLIM, and PG-SGA. We use erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) to assess inflammation in GLIM and GLIM-China. The correlation or consistency among ASMI, FFMI, ESR, CRP, GLIM-China, GLIM, and PG-SGA was evaluated, respectively. One hundred percent instead of the patients had nutritional risk. The magnitude of malnutrition using PG-SGA, GLIM, and GLIM-China was 75.5, 80.6, and 64.3%, respectively. GLIM-China and PG-SGA showed the same performance (p = 0.052 vs. 1.00) and agreement (kappa = 0.404 vs. 0.433, p < 0.0001) with the FFMI. Consistency was noted between ASMI and PG-SGA in the assessment of malnutrition (p = 0.664) with a good agreement (kappa = 0.562, p = 0.084). ASMI and FFMI could determine muscle mass reduction, which could not be determined by BMI, albumin (ALB), and pre-albumin (pre-ALB); 34% of GLIM-China (-) patients were with low ASMI, and 40% with low FFMI; 30.0% of patients with PG-SGA (<4) still have low ASMI, and 38.2% have low FFMI. If only the PG-SGA scale is used as a diagnostic criterion for evaluating malnutrition, a large proportion of patients with reduced muscle mass will be missed, but more patients with muscle loss will be missed via GLIM-China. Muscle-related indicators will help diagnose malnutrition.

Body composition changes following total thyroidectomy: A one-year follow-up study

IntroductionThyroid hormones play an important role in body weight regulation. In this study, we investigated which body composition parameters cause a change in body weight after total thyroidectomy. Materials and methodWe performed a retrospective cohort study of a prospectively maintained database of patients who underwent total thyroidectomy. Demographics, thyroid function tests, indications for surgery, final pathology, and postoperative thyroid status were collected. Body composition analyses measured by the bioelectrical impedance analysis method were recorded at two-time points, 12 months apart. ResultsForty-four patients were included in the study with a mean age of 51.6 years. There were statistically significant increases in weight (p=0.049), body mass index (p=0.021), and fat mass (p=0.001) over time. While 12 patients (27.3%) lost or maintained weight, 32 patients (72.7%) gained weight. There was no significant difference in age, sex, preoperative thyroid function tests, postoperative thyroid status, or pathology between those who gained weight and those who did not. Although changes in all body composition parameters were higher in males than in females, these differences were not significant overall. Multivariable regression analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between increase in fat mass and baseline free-T3 (p=0.041) and found that lower baseline percent body fat was a significant factor for greater fat mass gain (p=0.016). However, no predictors of change in weight were identified. ConclusionWe conclude that total thyroidectomy results in a significant change in body weight and fat mass. Higher free-T3 and lower percent body fat at baseline were significant factors of fat mass gain.

Evaluation of anthropometric methods for fat mass measurement in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs. The obesity is a global problem, which is set to increase over time. Chronic obstructive lung disease is the third-leading cause of death globally, and both obesity and diet appear to play roles in its pathophysiology (e.g., role in the development of obstructive sleep apnoea and obesity hypoventilation syndrome). However, the effects of obesity on the respiratory system are often underappreciated. The objective of this study was to compare three anthropometric methods to evaluate of fat mass in COPD patients. Three anthropometric methods of evaluation fat mass in a group of 60 patients with COPD were compared. To the measurement of fat mass were used: (1) Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry method (DEXA), specifically by DEXA densitometer QDR Discovery Wi (S/N 80227) with additional software (Body Composition Analysis); (2) four-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) device Bodystat Quadscan 4000 (Bodystat Ltd, British Isles); (3) skin folds measurement (SFM) with caliper (Harpenden Lange Skinfold Caliper, Cambridge Scientific Industries, Inc. Cambridge, Maryland). The measured values were statistically processed and evaluated in a statistical program Statistica Cz. version 7.1 and Microsoft Office Excel 2010 (Los Angeles, CA, USA). Differences among anthropometric methods of measurement fat mass were tested with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The data were presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). DEXA method, generally accepted for assessing body composition, showed an average value of 22.48 ±11.32 kg of fat mass, which corresponds in percentage terms to the value of 29.62±9.28. BIA method for the parameter fat mass in the monitored group of COPD patients was found the mean value 25.08±10.14 kg (in percentages 30.85±8.15). An average value 28.50±8.08% of fat mass, was determined from the skinfolds measurements (SFM) and subsequent calculations. When comparing these methods (DEXA, BIA and SFM) used to determine body composition, a statistically insignificant difference was found (P >0.05). In this study a good correlation between three anthropometric methods (DEXA, BIA, SFM) for measuringfat mass in patients with COPD and statistically insignificant differences between them were observed. To better definechanges in the nutritional status of patients with COPD using anthropometric methods over time, further studies areneeded that also monitor the consequences of clinical status, rehabilitation, and nutritional treatment.

Increased visceral fat area to skeletal muscle mass ratio is positively associated with the risk of cardiometabolic diseases in a Chinese natural population: A cross-sectional study.

Visceral adiposity and skeletal muscle loss may be positively correlated with cardiometabolic outcomes. This study aimed to explore the associations between the visceral fat area to skeletal muscle mass ratio (VSR) and the risk of cardiometabolic diseases in a Chinese natural population. A total of 5158 participants were included in this study. Body composition, anthropometrical, and biochemical measurements were performed. Body composition was assessed via the direct segmental multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis method. The associations between VSR and metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperuricemia were analysed. With the increase of VSR by one quartile, the odds ratio (OR) increased significantly for all five cardiometabolic diseases in both genders (ptrend <0.001). With regard to the highest versus the lowest quartile of VSR, the ORs for cardiometabolic diseases were significantly higher in women than in men. Restricted cubic splines showed that there were significant non-linear relationships between VSR and the risk of MAFLD, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension in both genders (p for non-linearity <0.05). The risk was relatively flat until VSR reached 3.078cm2 /kg in men and 4.750cm2 /kg in women and started to increase rapidly afterwards. In men, however, the risk slowed down after the VSR value reached around 4cm2 /kg. VSR was positively associated with cardiometabolic diseases regardless of gender. As VSR increased, the risk of cardiometabolic diseases was significantly higher in women than in men. www.chictr.org.cn (Registration number: ChiCTR2100044305).

The Muscle Thickness Assessment Using Ultrasonography is a Useful Alternative to Skeletal Muscle Mass by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis.

Muscle mass, a key index for the diagnosis of sarcopenia, is currently assessed using the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Muscle thickness (MT) assessed by ultrasonography (US) may be a better determinant and/or predictor of muscle condition than ASMI. Thus, we compared it to the ASMI determined by the BIA. Our study included 165 ambulatory older adults (84 males, 81 females, mean age: 76.82 years). The ASMI by the BIA method, MT by US, and the distribution of body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BFP) were examined using defined values for men and women. These were used as the basis for examining the association of MT and ASMI with handgrip strength (HGS), leg muscle strength (LMS), gait speed (GS), and echo intensity (EI). We compared HGS, LMS, GS, and EI for high and low ASMI among lower BMI or BFP. The same was also done for MT assessed by US. MT, as well as ASMI, was strongly associated with HGS and LMS. There was a correlation between MT and GS and EI but not between ASMI and GS and EI. There were significant differences in the prevalence between high ASMI and high MT or low ASMI and low MT in those with lower BMI or BFP. In non-overweight participants, HGS, LMS, GS, and EI were significantly higher in those with high MT than in those with low MT; however, there were no significant differences in them between those with high and low ASMI. In the non-overweight group, the MT assessment by US showed a stronger relationship to muscle strength and muscle quality than the ASMI assessment by BIA. The MT assessment using US is a useful alternative to BIA-assessed ASMI, especially in non-overweight participants.

Changes in body composition during the macrocycle of professional football players in relation to sports nutrition knowledge.

Professional football players are obligated to meet the physical demands and maintain the best possible performance throughout the whole macrocycle. It is important to assess the players' nutrition knowledge, identify areas that require increased nutrition awareness and identify the impact of knowledge on changes in body composition as this can affect the players' health and performance. This study aimed to assess changes in the body composition of professional football players during the macrocycle of the spring round of the football championship and to identify the correlation between nutrition knowledge and maintaining body composition. The study included 38 football players. The players' body compositions were analyzed 6 times during the macrocycle consisting of preparatory, competitive, and transition periods using the Direct Segmental Multi-Frequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis method. Athletes completed the Nutrition for Sport Knowledge Questionnaire to assess their nutrition knowledge. During the preparatory period, a statistically significant negative correlation was demonstrated between the players' knowledge about the subsections of micronutrients in the diet and the dispersion of the adipose percentage tissue content (r = -0.36, p = 0.03). In the competitive period, there was a statistically significant negative correlation between the players' knowledge of sports nutrition and the dispersion of lean body mass (r = -0.46, p = 0.004), and skeletal muscle mass (r = -0.36, p = 0.03). During the transition period, a statistically significant negative correlation between the players' knowledge of weight control and the dispersion of body mass (r = -0.47, p = 0.00) and BMI values (r = -0.48, p = 0.00) was identified. The player's knowledge about the subsection of macronutrients significantly negatively correlated with the dispersion of skeletal muscle mass content (r = -0.33, p = 0.05). Nutrition knowledge has an impact on the stability of body composition during all analyzed periods: preparatory, competitive, and transition periods.

A new prediction model for total body water estimation by BIA in children with normal and excessive weight

Various methods, including bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), are used for total body water (TBW) estimation. The objective of our study by BIA was to develop a new predication model based on corrected TBW for normal adult BMI, a concept similar to the standardization of glomerular filtration rate by relating it to the average adult body surface area. We measured TBW by BIA in 335 children 3-21 years old with normal or excessive body weight. Based on our data, we derived a new prediction model for TBW (L) for females {[(72.784+0.4093×weight)∗Corrected TBW]/100} and males {[(57.944+0.6551×weight)∗Corrected TBW]/100}. For validation, we compared our prediction model with three other models on TBW by BIA and dilution methods. Our model's error size to predict TBW showed lower cross-validated root mean square error (CV-RMSE) as compared to three other models versus our dataset by BIA and two other datasets by dilution methods. Our model also showed a smaller error (2.059) in CV-RMSE as compared to other models by dilution methods (2.126, 2.873, and 4.384) for normal and excessive weight combined. This implies that our model is more robust when excessive weight individuals are included in the data.. Our prediction model for TBW estimation by BIA performs better as compared to some other models based on BIA and dilution method datasets. Furthermore, our prediction model is the only one that is devised to be applicable to children and young adults with both normal as well as excessive weight.

Sports nutrition knowledge translates to enhanced athletic performance: a cross-sectional study among Lebanese university athletes

PurposeAdequate nutrition knowledge forms the foundation for optimal physical health and performance. In Lebanon, there are limited studies on the effect of nutrition knowledge on the athletes’ performance. This study aims to evaluate university athletes’ nutrition knowledge status and to identify the factors predicting athletes’ performance.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional survey was conducted among 384 university student-athletes, using a validated tool with modifications (Furber et al., 2017) to assess nutrition knowledge. The modified questionnaire includes seven subsections (vitamins and minerals, general nutrition, fluid, fat, carbohydrate, protein and sporting performance). Further, anthropometric measurements were taken; body composition was determined by the bioelectrical impedance analysis method. Handgrip strength, as an indirect measure of athlete performance, was assessed with the hand dynamometer. To measure the existence and degree of significance among different variables, Pearson correlation coefficients, χ2 and linear regression were used.FindingsThe health group had a higher level of nutritional knowledge, compared with the non-health group. The overall mean sports nutrition knowledge score for the student-athletes was 63.54%, which was considered inadequate sports nutrition knowledge (mean < 75%). Further, athletes’ performance was significantly predicted by the resting metabolic rate, lean muscle mass and weight.Originality/valueThe findings may help the university administration to implement a nutrition education program for athletes enrolled in non-health majors. Information gained serve to help dietetics professionals in Lebanon refine education strategies and sports clubs in universities to start to budget for hiring dietitians.