Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Measurements Research Articles

Effect of peritoneal dialysate on bioelectrical impedance analysis variability in pediatric patients receiving peritoneal dialysis.

Previous adult studies have yielded conflicting results regarding whether the presence (D +) or absence (D-) of peritoneal dialysate affects the accuracy of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) measurements. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the accuracy of BIA data varies between D + and D- measurements in children. This cross-sectional study recruited chronic kidney disease stage 5 patients aged 3 to 18years who received peritoneal dialysis. Body composition was assessed by multifrequency BIA, and values were compared between D + and D- measurements using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Fifty paired BIA measurements were collected from 18 patients with a mean age of 13.6 ± 4.1years and a mean dialysate fill volume of 1,006 ± 239.7ml/m2. Sixteen out of 17 BIA parameters (94.1%) exhibited excellent correlations between D + and D- measurements (ICC values = 0.954, 0.998). There was a trend of increased fluid status, including extracellular water, edema index, and overhydration, in D + measurements, with mean differences (95% CIs) of 0.5 (0.4, 0.6) L, 0.002 (0.001, 0.002), and 0.1 (0.1, 0.2) L, respectively. Soft lean mass and fat-free mass were higher in D + measurements, with mean differences (95% CIs) of 1.4 (1.2, 1.6), and 1.6 (1.4, 1.8) kg, respectively. In addition, patients older than 10years had a stronger correlation between D + and D- measurements than younger patients. A total of 94.1% of BIA parameters exhibited excellent correlations between D + and D- measurements, especially patients older than 10years. We recommend that BIA measurements be collected from children regardless of the presence of peritoneal dialysate.

PSXIV-29 Seminal Plasma Uterine Priming in Embryo-Recipient Beef Cows Alters Preweaning Offspring Growth But Not Indices of Body Composition

Abstract Seminal plasma primes the uterus for pregnancy through the recruitment of cells aiding in microbial clearance, tissue remodeling and angiogenesis, and embryo implantation and growth. Less is known about the effects of seminal plasma uterine priming in practices devoid of seminal plasma, specifically evaluating offspring growth in embryo-recipient beef cows. In the present study, we sought to determine the effects of seminal plasma uterine priming on postnatal body weights, carcass ultrasound measures, and indices of body composition. To realize these objectives, embryo-recipient cows randomly received 0.5 mL of pooled seminal plasma or no treatment (control) at estrus and underwent embryo transfer seven days later. Following parturition, offspring pre-weaning body weights were collected at 30, 90, and 180 days of age. Indices of body composition, carcass ultrasounds and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), were collected pre-weaning at an average 209 days of age. Weaning weights and hip heights were collected at an average of 212 days of age. Ultrasound, BIA, and weaning weight data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS for fixed effects of treatment. Pre-weaning body weights were analyzed similarly with repeated measures for treatment, day, and their interaction. Covariates of sire, dam, sex, and age were included in all models if P ≤ 0.10. Correlations between carcass ultrasounds and BIA parameters of fat-free mass and fat-free soft tissue were analyzed using the CORR procedure of SAS. Significance is declared at P ≤ 0.05 and data were presented as means ± standard error. A treatment by day interaction was not observed for pre-weaning body weight. However, a main effect of treatment was observed for pre-weaning body weights, which was decreased (P = 0.0130) in seminal plasma calves compared with controls. Weaning weights and hip height were not different between treatments. There was not an effect of treatment on carcass ultrasound measures, including ribeye area, ribeye area adjusted by body weight, rib fat, intramuscular fat, or rump fat. Similarly, BIA measures of fat-free mass and fat-free soft tissue were not different between treatments. Ribeye area and rib fat ultrasound were moderately correlated (P < 0.05) with BIA measures of fat-free mass and fat-free soft tissue. Interestingly, previously reported data from this project show offspring from seminal plasma treated cows had decreased embryo size at days 35, 40, and 45 of gestation, and decreased birth weights. It appears seminal plasma uterine priming prior to embryo transfer negatively impacts offspring growth pre-weaning, however, by weaning this difference is diminished. It is less clear why pre-weaning weights differ due to similar body composition among treatment and control calves; however, these measures may have been collected after the period of compensatory gain occurred.

Associations of phase angle with platelet-activating factor metabolism and related dietary factors in healthy volunteers.

Phase angle (PA) is derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). It reflects cell membrane function and decreases in disease. It is affected by inflammation, oxidative stress, and diet. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent inflammatory lipid mediator. Its levels, along with the activity of its metabolic enzymes, including CDP-choline:1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol-cholinephosphotransferase, acetyl-CoA:lyso-PAF-acetyltransferases, and PAF-AH/Lp-PLA2 are also related to dietary factors, such as the dietary antioxidant capacity (DAC). The aim of the study was to estimate whether the PAF metabolic circuit and related dietary factors are associated with PA in healthy volunteers. In healthy subjects, PAF, its metabolic enzyme activity, and erythrocyte fatty acids were measured, while desaturases were estimated. Food-frequency questionnaires and recalls were used, and food groups, macronutrient intake, MedDietScore, and DAC were assessed. Lifestyle and biochemical variables were collected. DXA and BIA measurements were performed. Lp-PLA2 activity was positively associated with PA (rho = 0.651, p < 0.001, total population; rho = 0.780, p < 0.001, women), while PAF levels were negatively associated with PA only in men (partial rho = -0.627, p = 0.012) and inversely related to DAC. Estimated desaturase 6 was inversely associated with PA (rho = -0.404, p = 0.01, total sample). Moreover, the DAC correlated positively with PA (rho = 0.513, p = 0.03, women). All correlations were adjusted for age, body mass index, and sex (if applicable). PA is associated with PAF levels and Lp-PLA2 activity in a gender-dependent fashion, indicating the involvement of PAF in cell membrane impairment. The relationship of PA with DAC suggests a protective effect of antioxidants on cellular health, considering that antioxidants may inhibit PAF generation.

Prognostic Utility of Skeletal Muscle Mass Metrics in Patients With Heart Failure.

Sarcopenia is associated with risks of various adverse outcomes, and the assessment of skeletal muscle mass is necessary for its diagnosis. However, heart failure (HF) is a syndrome characterised by fluid retention, which affects muscle mass measurements. Different measurement methods have been reported to have different prognostic implications. We investigated the association between skeletal muscle mass metrics measured with the use of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and anthropometric measures and prognosis in patients with HF. The findings of 869 consecutive patients with HF were reviewed. We investigated the skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) measured with the use of BIA, the mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), the arm muscle circumference (AMC), and the calf circumference (CC), and the patients were divided into 3 groups according to the sex-specific tertiles of the skeletal muscle mass metrics. The end points were all-cause death and readmission due to HF. The high MUAC and AMC groups showed significantly better prognoses than their respective low groups (combined events: high MUAC group hazard ratio [HR] 0.559, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.395-0.789 [P < 0.01]; high AMC group HR 0.505, 95% CI 0.359-0.710 [P < 0.01]), although high SMI and high CC were not associated with better prognoses. Among patients with HF, MUAC and AMC are more associated with prognosis than SMI and CC, which are recommended in preexisting sarcopenia guidelines. MUAC and AMC may also be useful measures in sarcopenia assessments.

Age-dependent effect of vitamin D supplementation on musculoskeletal health in chronic spinal cord injury patients: A pilot study

Objective To determine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on changes in body composition associated with musculoskeletal health status in patients with chronic SCI and vitamin D deficiency as a response to age. Design Prospective drug-intervention study. Setting Department of rehabilitation medicine, Veterans Health Service Medical Center. Participants Seventeen patients with vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency (<30 ng/mL) and chronic SCI were divided into two groups: groups A <65 years (n = 8) and B ≥65 years of age (n = 9). Interventions Both groups received 800 IU/day cholecalciferol for 12 weeks. Outcome measures We used blood samples to evaluate metabolites related to vitamin D, testosterone (T), lipid profiles, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was used to evaluate body composition. Results Group A had significantly better baseline clinical characteristics for all BIA measurements. SHGB was significantly higher in Group B (P = 0.003) and albumin was significantly higher in Group A (P = 0.000). When comparing pre- to post-treatment, Group A showed a significant improvement in T (P = 0.042), total cholesterol (P = 0.035), and triglyceride (P = 0.025) levels, whereas Group B significantly increased vitamin D (P = 0.038) and protein mass (PM) (P = 0.034) levels. Conclusion This study suggested that addressing vitamin D deficiency in patients with SCI had different effects in young and older adults, with both groups showing positive changes in body composition. Particularly, the increase in PM on BIA measurements in elderly patients at high risk of sarcopenia was encouraging.

The value of ultrasound measurement of muscle thickness at different sites and shear wave elastography in Parkinson's disease with sarcopenia: a pilot study.

Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and sarcopenia often exhibit resilience, frailty, disability, and depression, highlighting the complex and interrelated nature of these conditions. Despite the presence of clinical manifestations of muscle atrophy in both PD and sarcopenia, accurately discerning the coexistence of sarcopenia in PD patients remains a challenging task with significant implications for treatment strategies and prognostic assessments. This study aims to elucidate the specific ultrasonic diagnostic parameters associated with PD accompanied by sarcopenia through a comparative analysis of muscle ultrasound parameters in patients with PD, thereby presenting a novel approach for rapid identification of this condition. A total of 110 participants were enrolled in this study, including patients with PD and control subjects. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, physical performance tests, appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI), bioelectrical impedance analysis and muscle ultrasound measurements were collected from all participants. The muscle ultrasound measurements encompassed assessments of muscle thickness, pennation angle and shear wave elastography at various anatomical sites. Parkinson's disease patients exhibited decreased muscle strength and physical performance, and increased shear wave elastography value. In PD patients with sarcopenia, body circumference, including calf circumference, mid-arm circumference, Waist-to-Hip Ratio and body mass index (BMI) were all significantly decreased. Biceps brachii muscle thickness (MT) and gastrocnemius MT decreased in PD patients with sarcopenia and low ASMI. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that male PD patients, BMI and gastrocnemius MT were predictive factors for ASMI in PD patients. Biceps brachii MT and gastrocnemius MT are important indicators for distinguishing whether PD patients have sarcopenia. Male patients, low BMI and gastrocnemius MT were identified as valid predictors of low ASMI in PD patients. The findings of this study provide important insights into the use of muscle ultrasound in the diagnosis of PD with sarcopenia.

Muscle Mass Adjusted for Body Weight Is Associated with Significant Liver Fibrosis in Young Adults with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study from a Korean Military Hospital.

Sarcopenia has been associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to investigate the correlation between liver fibrosis and muscle mass in young adults with NAFLD. We conducted a retrospective review of 88 Korean soldiers <35 years of age who underwent bioelectrical impedance analysis and liver stiffness measurements. A FibroScan-aspartate aminotransferase score >0.35 was used to determine the presence of liver fibrosis. Among the 88 patients, 38 were classified as having significant fibrosis. In the univariate analysis, muscle mass percentage (MMP), muscle-to-fat ratio (MFR), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body mass index, impaired fasting glucose or diabetes mellitus, and alanine transaminase (ALT) level were all significantly associated with fibrosis (P<0.001). After adjusting for ALT level, height, and age, MMP and WHR were associated with fibrosis. In young adults, MMP and MFR were significantly associated with hepatic fibrosis.

819 ELLIPSE: Electrical Impedance Analysis in Patients Undergoing Emergency Abdominal Surgery

Abstract Introduction An ageing population represents greater operative risk; therefore, preoperative risk stratification is required to allow patients to make an informed decision. One method of risk stratification is bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) which can provide information such as muscle and fat mass, providing a proxy for patient metabolic health. Aim Metabolic health is intrinsically linked to outcomes following surgery. We hypothesised that BIA is a feasible method of assessing patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery and predicting postoperative outcomes. Method A BIA analyser was used to measure patients body composition. All adult patients who met the National Emergency Laparotomy Audit (NELA) inclusion criteria were prospectively recruited and followed up until 30 days postoperatively. These patients had serial BIA measurements and compared with a healthy population. The phase angle (PA) is a raw variable which can be standardised to a healthy reference population and matched for age and gender. In summary, a higher phase angle is associated with improved outcomes. Results 31 patients were recruited and BIA analysis in patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery was feasible. Patients with a phase angle lower than the reference population had a greater incidence of complications (p = 0.03) and had more severe complications (p = 0.023). Furthermore, the same patients also had a significantly higher NELA morbidity percentage (p = 0.022). Conclusions Our study shows that conducting BIA analysis in patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery is feasible. The presence and severity of complications correlates with the phase angle. This represents a successful proof of concept study of BIA to predict postoperative outcomes.

Bioelectrical impedance analysis in patients with posterior vitreous detachment.

The purpose of the study is to assess body hydration in patients with posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). PVD, one of the most common eye diseases, is associated in both research and the collective image with reduced daily water intake, but this finding is not supported by strong evidence in the literature. Based on Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT) evaluation, different PVD stages are identified: absent posterior vitreous detachment, partial posterior vitreous detachment (P-PVD), or complete posterior vitreous detachment (C-PVD). BIA is a simple, non-invasive bedside method used to assess body composition. Patients underwent BIA and completed a floaters symptoms. 30 patients were enrolled and divided into two groups according to the degree of vitreous detachment, in P-PVD (n=12) and C-PVD (n=18). Patients underwent BIA and completed a floaters symptoms questionnaire. BIA measured the Resistance (R), Reactance (Xc), Phase Angle (PhA), Total Body Water (TBW), Extracellular Water (ECW), Fat Mass (FM), Fat-Free Mass (FFM), and Body Cell Mass Index (BCMI). Finally, patients received a test to assess adherence to the Mediterranean diet (Mediterranean Diet Test Score, MDTS) with the addition of daily water intake. Relevant data were obtained from the BIA evaluation: the values of R and Xc were lower in the P-PVD group than C-PVD group (respectively 417.08±58.12 Ω vs. 476.94±51.29 Ω p=0.006 and 41.33±8.23 Ω vs. 50.61±7.98 Ω p=0.004). Instead, patients in the P-PVD group reported higher values of TBW and ECW than C-PVD group (respectively 44.13±7.57 L vs. 37.96±6.27 L p=0.021 and 21.03±4.06 L vs. 17.24±2.63 L p=0.004). In the present study, we reported a significant correlation between vitreous pathology and anthropometric and BIA measurements.

Dehydration among the Elderly: A Comparison between Nine Different Clinical and Metabolic Criteria

Background: Dehydration, as a common problem in older adults, plays a significant role in morbidity and mortality. The elderly are more susceptible to dehydration and fluid deficiency due to age-related factors. There is not much literature concerning fluid intake in older adults. This study aims to investigate fluid intake and dehydration prevalence in older people and compare the accuracy of potential markers in the detection of dehydration.&#x0D; Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on 127 old people (48 males and 79 females) selected from a nursing home in Shiraz, Iran. Socioeconomic status was assessed via interview. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), urine specific gravity (USG), urine color (UC) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), extracellular water (ECW), intracellular water (ICW), and total body water (TBW) were measured. The fluid intakes were recorded using a beverage and fluid intake questionnaire. Total fluid intakes were compared using two fluid intake guidelines (European guidelines and US guidelines) as well. Furthermore, anthropometric indices were measured.&#x0D; Results: The mean age of participants was 73.01± 5.70 year. Fluid intake was 2.32 ± 0.48 liter/day. Based on urine specific gravity (USG) (˃1.020) and SBP (SBP ˂ 100 mmHg), 9.4% and 14.2% of the participants were dehydrated respectively. Among all hydration criteria, ECW had the highest potential for detection which identified 72.4% of participants as dehydrated. Among fluid intake guidelines, US guidelines were the best in dehydration diagnosis (112 individuals out of 127).&#x0D; Conclusions: Although urinary markers and physical indexes (SBP and HR) could not be used to determine hydration status, BIA measurements, especially ECW, have the potential to detect dehydration. In addition, daily fluid intakes are still practical for assessment of hydration status.

Examining cardiac cachexia in the thai heart failure patients

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Private grant(s) and/or Sponsorship. Main funding source(s): Ministry of Public Health, Thailand Background Cardiac cachexia (CC) can occur in heart failure (HF)with weight and muscle loss. Screening for suspected CC and CC using Cachexia consensus, including CC symptoms, had not been examined among the Thai heart failure patients. Purpose To screen for suspected CC and CC in a HF out-patients setting in Thailand using the international cachexia consensus Method Anthropometric data, such as body weight, height, grip strength, skinfold thickness and waist circumferences, were collected. Bloods for haemoglobin, albumin, c-reactive protein (CRP), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and serum osmolarity were collected. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) measurement using INBODY S10 was conducted. Participants were asked to complete questionnaires that were Simplified on Nutrition Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ), Thirst Distress Scale-Heart Failure (TDS-HF) and Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire. Results Thirty-eight participants were recruited. Of these two participants had confirmed and five with suspected CC and the remainder did not have CC (n=31). We analysed the data by comparing between two groups: 1) highly suggestive CC (confirmed CC and suspected CC), 2) non-CC. Anthropometric measurements, BIA parameters and fatigue were not significantly different between those with confirmed and suspected CC and those who have not have CC (P&amp;gt;0.05). CRP and NT-proBNP levels were higher in those with CC and suspected CC than those who have not have CC (CRP median 4.39 vs 1.25 and NT-proBNP median 3,889.00 vs 1,957.00, respectively). The SNAQ scores were significantly lower in highly suggestive CC than non-CC group (13.14±2.41 vs 15.07±2.28, p≤0.05), but TDS-HF scores were not significantly different (20.57±7.28 vs 19.74±9.54, p = 0.678). Quality of life scores were lower in highly suggestive CC group than non-CC group although it was not statistically significant (60.71±24.40 vs 66.67±24.06, p = 0.559). Phase angle positively correlated to SNAQ (r = 0.550, p = 0.015) and albumin (r = 0.622, p = 0.004). Conclusion This is the first pilot study in Thailand screening for CC. SNAQ with the support of phase angle can be a useful and affordable tool to simply screen for CC. NT-proBNP might be associated with the development of CC and poor disease prognosis.

The Extract Of Ophiocephalus Striatus Affect Levels Of TNF-Α, TGF-Β1, IL-17 And SuPAR, Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity For Carbon Monoxide, And Health-Related Quality Of Life In Stable COPD Patients With Muscle Wasting

Objective — This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Ophiocephalus striatus extract on body composition, levels of TNF-α, TGF-β1, IL-17, suPAR and neutrophils, diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in stable COPD patients with muscle wasting. Methods — Clinical pre- and post- quasi-experimental study of 32 stable COPD patients with muscle wasting from the Pulmonary Outpatient Clinic of Saiful Anwar General Hospital Malang, determined in accordance with the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2016 and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) measurements (FFM &lt;14.6 kg/m; BMI &lt;18.5 kg/m2). Measurements of the following health-related parameters for the QoL due to COPD were performed before and after the nutritional intervention of 3,000 mg of O. striatus extract daily for 12 weeks: TNF-α, TGF-β1, IL-17 and suPAR levels (by ELISA), neutrophils (by blood test), DLCO (by body plethysmography), and CAT score. Results — A non-significant reduction of TNF-α (p=0.302), IL-17 (p=0.275), neutrophil (p=0.619), and suPAR (p=0.674) levels, along with an increase in DLCO (p=0.369), occurred after 12 weeks of O. striatus extract administration. However, the level of TGF-β1 declined significantly (p=0.022), followed by an increase in QoL as assessed by the CAT score (p=0.000). There was no significant correlation between inflammatory cytokines and DLCO, nor with the CAT score. Conclusion — The study results demonstrated a potential role of oral nutritional supplementation in the management of COPD patients with muscle wasting.

#4914 LOW LEAN BODY TISSUE IS AN INDEPENDENT RISK FACTOR FOR KIDNEY DISEASE PROGRESSION AND MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH ADVANCED CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

Abstract Background and Aims Lean tissue mass is a marker of good health and is associated with a lower risk of death in patients without chronic kidney disease (CKD). A potentially underestimated risk factor for impaired renal function is low serum albumin concentration. Previous studies have shown that even small decreases in serum albumin concentration levels are strongly associated with cardiovascular disease, heart failure, impaired kidney function, and mortality in vulnerable populations. An association between low lean body tissue with mortality in patients with stage 4 and 5 CKD has recently been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of lean body tissue index (LTI) measured by multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) on kidney disease progression and mortality in a cohort of patients with stage 4 and 5 CKD. Method We performed a retrospective observational cohort study that included patients with stage 4 and 5 CKD who were referred to the Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease outpatient clinic at our centre between January 2014 and December 2020, in whom a baseline measurement of body composition by using BIA was performed in the first 6 months of follow-up. Baseline clinical and laboratory parameters (serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate, serum albumin, hemoglobin, cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium, phosphorus, PTH and CRP) were defined as those observed at the time of BIA measurement. Low lean tissue was defined as having LTI values below the 10th centile adjusted by age and sex. Renal survival was defined as the absence of need of renal replacement therapy (RRT) at the end of follow-up. Results The study included 145 patients who had a mean age of 72 ± 11.8 years, 69.7% were males, with a mean GFR measured by CKD-EPI of 20.4 ± 4.7 ml/min, mean albumin of 4.1 ± 0.3 g/dl and median urine albumin-creatinine ratio (uACR)of 413 mg/g (IQR 98-1341). The mean body mass index of the population was 30.1 ± 6.1 kg/m2, and BIA showed a mean LTI of 15.4 ± 3.9 kg/m2 and fat tissue index (FTI) of 14.1 ± 6.8 kg/m2. Nineteen patients (13.1%) had low LTI. Patients with low LTI were younger (65.9 ± 12.8 vs 73 ± 11.4 years, p = 0.013) and had higher uACR (1444 [484-1815] vs 318 [68-1188] mg/g, p = 0.002) with no differences in sex, GFR, and other laboratory parameters. After a mean follow-up of 27.7 months (IQR 15.3-45.4), 72 (49.7%) showed CKD progression to RRT and 55 patients (37.9%) died. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with low LTI had a worse renal survival (log-rank 5.5, p = 0.019) and overall survival (log-rank 7.6, p = 0.006). The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that low LTI (HR 2.28, 95% CI 1.12-4.62), lower GFR (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.81-0.92) and higher uACR (HR 1.001, CI 95% 1-1.001) were independent risk factors for CKD progression to ESKD, while low LTI (HR 3.16, 95% CI 1.42-7.05), age (HR 1.09, CI 95% 1.05-1.13) and serum albumin (HR 0.31, CI 95% 0.13-0.77) were the factors that were independently associated with mortality. Conclusion Low lean body tissue index measured by multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis is and independent risk factor for CKD progression and mortality in stage 4-5 CKD. Close monitoring of nutritional status by BIA should be followed in these patients to provide timely and adequate nutritional interventions that might help in improving patient outcomes.

Bioimpedance For Analysis of Body Composition in Sports

Phase angle (PhA), a bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) parameter, has proven to be a proxy of body cell mass in athletes, but very few data are available on its segmental evaluation (upper and lower limbs). Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess whether whole-body and segmental PhA varied among elite male athletes of different sports and compared these to control groups. Additionally, this study plans to investigate its relationship with anthropometric and body composition parameters. Elite athletes practicing cycling, football (soccer) players, MMA players, and weightlifters considered as active subjects collected from February 2021 till August 2021 age of 18–35 years undergo anthropometric and BIA measurements using Bio-impedance Analyzer BIA450 of BIODYNAMIC®, USA, from the UTM facility. PhA (whole-body and upper and lower limbs) will be considered as raw BIA variable. A total of 24 participants were studied, with 12 participants as active group (athletes and sports) as 12 participants as inactive (control group). Data was also compared with healthy subjects with similar characteristics who were serving as inactive subjects. Both whole-body and limb PhA are significantly higher in active participants (athletes) compared to their respective control group (inactive participants). The average value of PhA for the active and inactive are 7.1 and 6.87, respectively. PhA was found to be positively correlated with BMI and fat-free mass (FFM) more in athletes than in controls and FFM were considered as the main determinant. Furthermore, the direct evaluation of PhA can be used as a marker of survival in different sports and physical activities while predicting the injury and health risk associated with certain physical activities.

Биоимпедансная оценка состава тела с использованием анализаторов АВС-01 «Медасс» и Диамант-АИСТ: результаты сравнения

Introduction. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is an indirect method of body composition assessment. The equipment for BIA measurements is produced in many countries including Russia and may differ in electrical current frequencies, measurement schemes and built-in algorithms for the evaluation of body composition. In view of this, body composition estimates from various BIA instruments may be inconsistent which limits the ability to combine and generalize BIA data. Our purpose was to analyze the consistency and possibility of joint use of the BIA data obtained using the ABC-01 ‘Medas’ (SRC Medas, Moscow) and Diamant-AIST (LLC Diamant, St. Petersburg) instruments in adults. Materials and methods. 185 adult volunteers (107 women and 78 men) aged 18 to 61 years were examined according to the standard anthropometric measurement protocol and on the basis of paired consecutive measurements with the bioimpedance body composition instruments ABC-01 ‘Medas’ and Diamant-AIST. The estimates of fat-free mass (FFM), body fat (BF) and percentage body fat (%BF) were compared. Mutual calibration of the bioimpedance data was carried out based on transformation of the Diamant-AIST data using a conversion formula between the ABC-01 ‘Medas’ and Diamant-AIST resistances and subsequent application the ABC-01 ‘Medas’ body composition assessment algorithm. Results. There were significant differences in the median values of FFM, BF and %BF estimates provided by the ABC-01 ‘Medas’ and Diamant-AIST instruments. The FFM values in females using the ABC-01 ‘Medas’ instrument were significantly lower, and the BF and %BF were significantly higher as compared to the Diamant-AIST data. In males, the inverse relationship was observed while maintaining significant differences between the medians. The differences in paired estimates of body composition data provided by the ABC-01 ‘Medas’ instrument and the transformed Diamant-AIST data in males and females, respectively, were statistically insignificant. Also, the confidence intervals for the differences of paired body composition estimates reduced essentially, but still not ensured good consistency of individual body composition data. Conclusions. Significant differences in paired values of fat-free mass, fat mass and relative body fat using the ABC-01 ‘Medas’ and Diamant-AIST bioimpedance instruments are obtained. The possibility of mutual calibration and joint analysis of the related bioimpedance data at the group level is established. @ 2023. This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 license.

Ratio of visceral fat area to body fat mass (VBR) is a superior predictor of coronary heart disease.

Ratio of visceral fat area to body fat mass (VBR) is a superior predictor of coronary heart disease.

Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis (BIVA) and Somatotype in Female Rugby Players

Body composition (BC) determines strength, power, and agility in sports such as rugby. Not only is the study of morphology and BC essential to establish player positions, but it also allows the optimisation of competitive performance. The aim of this study was to analyse different BC models (anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)) in a female rugby team. Their somatotype was also compared with a bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) graph. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 19 women (8 forwards and 11 backs). Anthropometric and BIA (50 kHz, tetrapolar electrode configuration) measurements were taken using standard protocols and BC was estimated. Somatotype was calculated using the Heath–Carter method. Classic and specific BIVA were applied. Student’s t, Mann–Whitney, or Chi-squared tests were used for variable comparisons. Agreement was determined via intraclass coefficient correlations. Forwards showed a higher BMI and fat mass, but there were no differences in skeletal muscle masses. Most of the players were of an endomorphic mesomorph somatotype. Specific BIVA, but not classic BIVA, detected BC differences according to player position. Moreover, an individual’s interpretation of BIVA was consistent with their somatotype. In a female rugby team, BC and morphology are different according to position. This was detected in both the somatotype and specific BIVA. The application of BIVA (classic and specific) may yet prove to be a very useful strategy for the study of BC in sports.

The Relationship of Body Fat Ratio to Anthropometric and Metabolic Parameters in Normal Weight and Overweight Women; The Concept of Normal Weight Obesity

Aim: We aimed to underline the importance of “normal weight obesity concept”, prevent the overlooking of Normal Weight Obesity patients, administrate their treatments and explain them the risks regarding their future lives along with making emphasis on the necessity of change in polyclinical practices about the subject. Methods: We selected 200 female patients that were either normal or overweighted for this study. Patients have been divided into 4 groups with respect to their body mass index and body fat percent values. Differences of bioelectrical impedance analysis measurements between the groups, relation of the anthropometric and metabolic parameters and those parameters’ inner correlations have been inspected. Results: Serum levels of fasting plasma glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, LDL, triglyceride and TSH were higher in “Normal Weight Obesity” subjects than “Normal Weight Lean” subjects. The mean LDL levels were found to be higher in the Normal Weight Obesity group compared to the other groups and it was found to be statistically significant. Body fat percent was positively correlated to insulin, HOMA-IR, visceral fat rating, waist – hip circumferences, waist to height – hip to height ratios. Conclusion: The importance of measurement of body fat percent and not to overlook the Normal Weight Obesity patients should be emphasized once more. Therefore, in the primary care, during public screening and polyclinical assessment states, patients should be checked for obesity with not only measuring their weights and heights, but also detection of their detailed body composition. Keywords: obesity, body fat distribution, waist to height ratio

Fat mass index and airway hyperresponsiveness in Korean adults

ABSTRACT Objective Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is associated with asthma and obesity, which is defined as a high body mass index. Body mass mainly comprises fat mass (FM) and muscle mass (MM), which are independent of each other. We investigated the effect of changes in FM over time on the development of asymptomatic AHR in adults. Methods This long-term longitudinal study included adults who were underwent health checkups at the Seoul National University Hospital Gangnam Center. The participants underwent two methacholine bronchial provocation tests with a follow-up period (between the first and second tests) of more than 3 years and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) at all visits. FM index (FMI; FM normalized for height) and MM index (MMI; MM normalized for height) were calculated using BIA. Results The study included 328 adult participants (61 women and 267 men). The mean number of BIA measurements was 6.96 and the follow-up duration was 6.69 years. In total, 13 participants showed a positive conversion of AHR. Multivariate analysis indicated that a high rate of change in FMI ([g/m2]/year), not MMI, was significantly associated with the risk of AHR development (P = 0.037) after adjustment for age, sex, smoking status, and FEV1 predicted. Conclusion A rapid gain of FM over time may be a risk factor for developing AHR in adults. Prospective studies are needed to confirm our results and evaluate the role of FM reduction in preventing AHR development in obese adults.

Taste Function in Adult Humans from Lean Condition to Stage II Obesity: Interactions with Biochemical Regulators, Dietary Habits, and Clinical Aspects.

Differences in gustatory sensitivity, nutritional habits, circulating levels of modulators, anthropometric measures, and metabolic assays may be involved in overweight (OW) development. The present study aimed at evaluating the differences in these aspects between 39 OW (19 female; mean age = 53.51 ± 11.17), 18 stage I (11 female; mean age = 54.3 ± 13.1 years), and 20 II (10 female; mean age = 54.5 ± 11.9) obesity participants when compared with 60 lean subjects (LS; 29 female; mean age = 54.04 ± 10.27). Participants were evaluated based on taste function scores, nutritional habits, levels of modulators (leptin, insulin, ghrelin, and glucose), and bioelectrical impedance analysis measurements. Significant reductions in total and subtests taste scores were found between LS and stage I and II obesity participants. Significant reductions in total and all subtests taste scores were found between OW and stage II obesity participants. Together with the progressive increase in plasmatic leptin levels, insulin, and serum glucose, decrease in plasmatic ghrelin levels, and changes in anthropometric measures and nutritional habits along with body mass index, these data for the first time demonstrated that taste sensitivity, biochemical regulators, and food habits play a parallel, concurring role along the stages evolving to obesity.