Guided by bioecological systems theory, this study aimed to examine the associations between work microsystem characteristics (working hours, decision latitude, work pressure), family microsystem characteristics (marital status, parental status), work-family mesosystem factors (positive and negative workfamily spillover) and mental health (depressive symptoms, positive affect, psychological well-being) among working women and men. The moderating effects of cultural context (Korea vs. U.S.) were also evaluated. OLS regression models were estimated using data from 1,260 working women (Korea: 463, U.S.: 797) and 1,659 working men (Korea: 795, U.S.: 864) aged 30-59 who participated in nationally representative survey studies of middle aged adults in Korea (MIDKO) and the U.S. (MIDUS).