Bio-coal Briquettes Research Articles

Production and characterization of smokeless bio-coal briquettes incorporating plastic waste materials

Abstract Sub-bituminous coal from Okaba mine in Kogi State, Nigeria and locally available plastic and bio-waste materials (used sachet water bags, polythene bags, saw dust and maize husk) were partially carbonized, pulverized and used in varying proportions with limestone dust, cassava flour and laterite as binders for the production of solid fuel briquettes. The briquettes were characterized by testing for porosity index, briquette density, compressive strength, ignition and heating efficiency, volatile matter, calorific value, moisture and ash contents using ASTM and DIN standards. The gross calorific values of the briquettes were determined and their fuel properties of burning rate, power output and specific fuel consumption were as well measured. The briquette ash was analysed by X-ray florescence spectrometry (XRF). However, all the briquette ash samples were found to remain intact as a block without collapse after burning. Results of the briquette characterization showed that the briquettes produced with the compositions: 20–70% coal, 2–8% limestone, 10% plastic waste, 2.5–10% cassava flour and 10–60% biomass were of medium to high quality in terms of burning and cooking characteristics, smokelessness, environmental friendliness, binding and mechanical strength. These characteristics suggest that the briquettes produced are good alternative to fuel wood for out-door and in-door cooking and for mitigation of deforestation, desertification and environmental pollution and degradation. Recycling of the plastic wastes into refuse-derived fuel by incorporation in the production of these bio-coal briquettes shows great promise and could be considered as part of waste management options especially in the developing countries.

Characteristic Analysis of Bio-coal Briquette (Coal and Groundnut Shell Admixtures)

Characteristic Analysis of Bio-coal Briquette (Coal and Groundnut Shell Admixtures)

Biocoal Briquettes Combusted in a Household Cooking Stove: Improved Thermal Efficiencies and Reduced Pollutant Emissions.

Clean fuels are urgently needed to reduce household cooking emissions. The thermal efficiencies (ηth) and pollutant emission factors (EFs) of biocoal briquettes (made from a mixture of biomass and coal powder) burned in a typical cooking stove were investigated and compared with those of coal briquettes and biomass briquettes. Biocoal briquette samples were obtained by molding blends of anthracite with 10-30 wt % crop straw of various types (maize straw, wheat straw, or rice straw). The optimum proportions for energy savings and PM2.5 EF reduction were found to be 15-20 wt %. Compared with the ηth of coal briquettes and biomass briquettes, the ηth of biocoal briquettes increased by 81-127% and 88-179%, respectively, with the optimum addition ratios of crop straw, while the delivered energy-based PM2.5 EFs of the biocoal briquettes were reduced by 61-67% and 99.0-99.5%, respectively. Delivered energy-based EFs of NOX, SO2, and toxic elements (As, Se, and Pb) also showed a significant reduction. These results indicated that biocoal briquettes can serve as a promising substitute for domestic solid fuel to reduce pollutant emissions and save energy.

Bio-coal briquettes made from South Sumatera low rank coal and palm shell charcoal for using in small industries

The objective of this study is to blend the South Sumatera low rank coal and palm shell charcoal for producing bio-coal briquettes which have better fuel properties. The experimental study for making bio-coal briquettes was carried out to examine the effect of raw material composition and binder type on the quality of the briquettes produced. A screw conveyor machine equipped with a three blade stirred and designed with the length of 40 cm, mixing process diameter of 10 cm and the capacity of 2 kg bio-coal briquettes per hour was used to produce bio-coal briquettes ready to use in small industries. Proxymate analyses of the South Sumatera low rank coal, palm shell charcoals and bio-coal briquettes were conducted in accordance with the American Society of Testings and Materials (ASTM) standards and the calorific value was determined by using a Bomb calorimeter. The experimental results showed that the calorific value of bio-coal briquette was greatly influenced by the raw material composition and the binder type. The highest calorific value was 6438 (cal/g) at the sampel of SSC65-PSC20-B15(2).

Proximate and Ultimate Analyses of Biocoal Briquettes of Nigerian’s Ogboyaga and Okaba Sub-bituminous Coal

Proximate and Ultimate analyses of biocoal briquettes were undertaken with the aim of presenting the analytical results and ascertaining the optimum biomass composition for use as composite domestic fuel. Coal samples from 2 coal mines of Ogboyaga and Okaba in Kogi state of Nigeria were collected. The samples were pulverized and blend ed with sawdust at various mixing proportions of 0:100, 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, 50:50 and 100:0 sawdust: Coal . Cassava st arch was used as binding agent while calcium hydroxide was used as a desulphurizer for the briquettes. Briquettes of various blends were produced. Proximate and ultimate analyses were carried out to ascertain the elemental composition of the raw material s and the biocoal briquettes. Experimental tests, which involved the determination of calor ific value was also determined. This study revealed that biocoal briquettes from Okaba and Ogboyaga coal mines are suitable for the production of environmentally solid fuel that can be used for domestic heat applications. It showed further that all

Determination of the Bioenergy Potential of Melon Shell and Corn Cob Briquette

In this work, research were carried out on properties of biocoal briquettes produced from Okaba coal in Nigeria, melon shell on one hand and corn cob on the other hand with a view to find out their effect on coal briquette. The research involves the production of briquettes from coal and the biomass at the following ratios of 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60 and 0:100, coal to biomass, using cassava starch as binder and calcium hydroxide as desulphurizing agent. The briquettes were produced mechanically using a manual briquetting machine with pressure maintained at 5MPa. It was found that the burning rate and reduction in smoke emission revealed improvement with increase in biomass concentration. The findings also show that sulphur content in the biocoal briquette reduces with increase in the biomass. The biobriquette with 10% corn cob had the highest calorific value of 22.05 MJ/kg while the 60% melon shell composition had the least value of 21.14 MJ/kg, the 40% corn cob composition had the lowest burning time of 30.1seconds and high combustion rate of 0.076 g/min; while the 10% melon shell composition had the highest burning time and lowest combustion rate. The biocoal briquette sample with 40% corn cob gave the best combustible values, but for industrial heating that requires a long simmering phase, biobriquettes containing 10% corn cob may be preferred due to its high calorific value.

Enhancement of coal briquette quality through corn stalk blending and binder optimization

In this study, corn stalk was proposed to enhance the quality of coal briquette. The corn stalks were treated with sodium hydroxide solution to generate effective binding agents before mixing with coal fines. Results showed that bio-coal briquette compressive and falling strength increased with the increase of corn stalk weight ratio. However, the newly formed bio-coal briquettes were easily broken up when contacted with water. It was found that the bio-coal briquettes were stable in water for 24 h after polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) including in the binder, and both compressive and falling strength were further increased up to 3.33 MPa and 99.2%, respectively. Redrying compressive strength was about 1.37 MPa, which was independent on corn stalk ratio. It was also demonstrated that oneset temperature, ignition temperature, burnout temperature, and combustion residue decreased as the corn stalk ratio increased with the presence of PVA. This study showed that corn stalk blending was a promising approach to enhance the coal briquette quality. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 34: 613–618, 2015

Addressing the Burden of Disease Attributable to Air Pollution in India: The Need to Integrate across Household and Ambient Air Pollution Exposures

Addressing the Burden of Disease Attributable to Air Pollution in India: The Need to Integrate across Household and Ambient Air Pollution Exposures

Preparation of Environmental Friendly Bio-coal Briquette from Groundnut Shell and Maize Cob Biomass Waste: Comparative Effects of Ignition Time and Water Boiling Studies

Preparation of Environmental Friendly Bio-coal Briquette from Groundnut Shell and Maize Cob Biomass Waste: Comparative Effects of Ignition Time and Water Boiling Studies

Transport Phenomena in Pilot Curing Process of Coal and Bio-Coal Briquette

Transport Phenomena in Pilot Curing Process of Coal and Bio-Coal Briquette

PENGARUH VARIASI KOMPOSISI TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK PEMBAKARAN BRIKET BIOCOAL BERBAHAN BAKU LIMBAH PERTANIAN

The objective of this research is to find the effect of composition variations on the agricultural wastes biocoal briquette. The research is started with heating value analysis and water and ash analysis of agricultural wastes and coal. Then the next step are sizing and mixing that wastes and coal, the research variables are composition of biocoal briquette, the manufactured alternative fuel then take to the furnace to find the combustion characteristic. The result of this research give the best composition i.e 60 % agricultural waste-40 % coal with particle size 20 mesh which bonded with 15 % cassava starch and drying in 110 0C for 90 minutes, which give the best combustion characteristic in the 0 m/s airflow condition.

Density Equation of Bio-Coal Briquettes and Quantity of Maize Cob in Phitsanulok, Thailand

One of the most important crops in Phitsanulok, a province in Northern Thailand, is maize. Base on the calculation, the quantity of maize cob produced in this region was approximately 220 kton year-1. The net heating value of maize cob was found to be 14.2 MJ kg-1. Therefore, the total energy over 874 TJ year-1 can be obtained from this agricultural waste. In the experiments, maize cob was utilized as the major ingredient for producing biomass-coal briquettes. The maize cob was treated with sodium hydroxide solution before mixing with coal fine. The ratios of coal:maize were 1:2 and 1:3, respectively. The range of briquetting pressures was from 4-8 MPa. The result showed that the density was strongly affected by both parameters. Finally, the relationship between biomass ratio, briquetting pressures and briquette density was developed and validated by using regression technique.

Environmental equipment cost analysis: optimum size of a biocoal briquette machine

For developing countries that consume coal as their primary energy source, the method of desulfurization is a major issue. We installed experimental biocoal briquette production machines as a simple, inexpensive technology for desulfurization in China. Biocoal briquettes are a high-pressured mixture of powdered coal and biomass, with powdered lime added as a desulfurizer. In order to spread the use of these machines, it is important to consider the market size and with that knowledge determine the size of biocoal briquette machines. The objective of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the optimum size of biocoal briquette machines. There are two principal effects of economies of scale that need to be considered when evaluating briquette machine size with respect to market size. One effect is that the average marginal briquette cost decreases as the machine size increases. The other consideration is the mass production effect of manufacturing a large number of machines. As a result, below a given market size we should manufacture more machines that have a capacity less than 15t/h, which is the optimum machine size for briquette cost.