Biochemical Parameters Of Blood Plasma Research Articles

UHPLC-DAD/ESI-TOF-MS Phytochemical Characterization and Evaluation of the Impact of Eleutherococcus senticosus Fruit Intractum on Biochemical, Hepatological, and Blood Parameters in Balb/c Mice.

Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Maxim. (ES) has gained popularity for its adaptogenic, immunostimulant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Because of overexploitation of the roots, the species is considered to be endangered and has been put on the Red List in some countries (e.g., the Republic of Korea). Therefore, the fruits of E. senticosus might be explored as a new sustainable source of compounds with adaptogenic activity. This study aimed to assess the chemical composition and the safety profile (hepatotoxicity, blood morphology, biochemical parameters of blood plasma) of E. senticosus fruit intractum in Balb/c mice after oral administration of 750 and 1500 mg/kg b.w. UHPLC analysis coupled with DAD and MS detectors was used to quantify the metabolites. For the first time, oleanolic and ursolic acids were quantified in the intractum (16.01 ± 1.3 and 2.21 ± 0.17 µg/g of oleanolic and ursolic acids, respectively). Regarding polyphenols, chlorogenic acid (0.92 mg/g of dried extract), caffeic acid (0.43 mg/g), dicaffeoylquinic acids (in total: 1.27 mg/g), and an unidentified caffeic acid ester (0.81 mg/g) were identified. The results in Balb/c mice revealed that the intractum does not cause significant variations in red blood cells parameters. In turn, a significant decrease in the total number of leukocytes was observed (5.8 × 103 µL), with a percentage increase in lymphocytes among the groups (80.2, 81.8, and 82.6). The ability of the intractum to decrease alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels may indicate its anti-inflammatory activity. Our observations justify that the fruits of E. senticosus are safe in the doses used and do not cause significant changes in the activity of the liver enzymes or in blood parameters.

Some features of vitamin D content in arterial hypertension in patients with and without osteoarthritis of the knee joints

The aim of the study was to assess the relationship of serum vitamin D concentration with impaired cardiometabolic profile in hypertension in patients with and without osteoarthritis of the knee joints.Materials and methods. The results of the examination of 196 patients aged 54.06±9.4 years with arterial hypertension (AH) were analyzed, who were divided into groups depending on the presence of osteoarthritis of the knee joints (OA KS): 1st–patients with AH (n=153) and 2nd–patients with AH+OA KS (n=43).All patients were assessed for the level of 25 (OH) D, biochemical parameters of blood plasma (total cholesterol, low and high density lipoproteins, triglycerides, creatinine), cardiac morphometry using ECHOCG.Results. The proportion of people with adequate vitamin D levels was 1.2 times higher among patients with AH+OA CS (32.6 % vs. 26.1 %, p0.05). Additional vitamin D supplementation was significantly more common in the group of patients with AH+OA (0 % vs. 44 %, p<0.001).The subgroup with vitamin D deficiency in patients with hypertension without OA CS had the most unfavorable «cardiometabolic» profile (they had significantly high BMI, total cholesterol, and LVH).Conclusions. In people with arterial hypertension (without OA CS), violations of vitamin D levels (deficiency or insufficiency) are associated with an unfavorable «cardio-metabolic» profile – they need additional testing of vitamin D levels in the blood and correction of the detected violations. The presence of pathology of the musculoskeletal system (OA CS) in patients with arterial hypertension, it had no effect on the level of vitamin D and the frequency of its individual disorders. However, in this cohort of patients (AH+OA), the use of vitamin D supplements was significantly more common (0 % vs. 44 %, p<0.001). The assessment of the effect of vitamin D supplementation on cardiometabolic status deserves further investigation. Patients with arterial hypertension and its combination with comorbid pathology have, on average, vitamin D levels classified as insufficiency.

Study of the effect of alimentary biocorrectors on the physiological and biochemical parameters of laboratory rats of the Wistar line

Physiological and biochemical parameters of blood plasma of laboratory animals were evaluated when using, in addition to the main diet, a food substance with known biocorrecting properties - a probiotic emulsion administered orally, based on wheat germ oil and biomass of a consortium of lacto and bifidobacteria, including Str. thermophiles, B. bifidum, B. longum, B. adolescentis, L. acidophilus, L. plantarum, L. fermentum. The object of experimental studies was male and female growing white rats of the Wistar line in the amount of 60 individuals, comprising 2 experimental and 2 control groups of 15 individuals each. Evaluation of the average values of physiological indicators showed an increase in the horizontal and vertical motor activity of the white rats of the experimental group by an average of 16-18 % and 60-70%, an increase in the number of examined minks by 10-12 %, a significant decrease in the level of grooming and defecation. It was established that the clinical and biochemical parameters of the blood plasma of white rats were within the physiological limits. The concentrations of total protein, glucose, high and low density lipoproteins, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase by group differed slightly. It was found that the concentration of total cholesterol and LDL in the test groups of females and males at the end of the experimental studies decreased by 2.1-2.2 % and 4.1-5.8 %. The bilirubinaikreatinin concentration was slightly reduced in the experimental group of females and males by 1.1-1.3 % and 2.1-4.2 %, respectively. A significant increase in hemoglobin and red blood cells by 2.6-7.1 % and 4.8-5.1 % was recorded.

Effect of the complex of natural terpenes and vitamin E Renotineх® on free radical processes in patients with urolithiasis

BACKGROUND: One of the leading links in the pathogenesis of urolithiasis is oxidative stress, which occurs as a result of the intensification of free radical oxidation with insufficient activity of the antioxidant defense system of the body.
 AIM: The aim of the study was to study the effect of a complex of natural terpenes and vitamin E Renotineх on the state of oxidative stress in patients with urolithiasis in the postoperative period after percutaneous nephrolithotripsy.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 42 patients. Of the 35 people who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotripsy, 2 groups were formed. Patients of the main group (n = 20), in contrast to the control group (n = 15), received Renotinex (Polaris LLC, Russia) before and after surgery, 2 capsules (1 capsule 300 mg) twice a day. To determine the main indicators of the activity of free-radical processes in the body, all patients underwent a blood test on the 3rd day after surgery. The total activity of the pro- and antioxidant systems in blood plasma was determined by the method of induced chemiluminescence. The activity of lipid peroxidation was assessed by determining the concentration of active products of thiobarbituric acid secondary products of lipid peroxidation in blood erythrocytes. The activity of antioxidant enzymes was studied by spectrophotometric method. To determine the ability of blood plasma to crystallize in some of the same patients with urolithiasis while taking Renotinex, the method of wedge dehydration was used. For a comparative analysis of the crystal structure of dried blood plasma samples (facies), 7 healthy volunteers were included in the study, which made up the third group (comparison group).
 RESULTS: The results of the study reliably demonstrate that the composition of the complex of natural terpenes and vitamin E Renotinex has a positive effect on free-radical processes in patients with urolithiasis, biochemical parameters of blood plasma (indicators of induced chemiluminescence, catalase activity, malondialdehyde level), as well as on crystallization processes blood plasma, which is confirmed by the method of wedge dehydration of blood plasma. Any change in the body caused by excessive activity of free-radical oxidation processes is reflected in the composition of the blood, and specifically in the indicators of the mechanical characteristics of blood plasma (viscosity, structure, surface tension), which determine the shape of the resulting structures of the drying drop of biological fluid.
 CONCLUSIONS: The complex of natural terpenes and vitamin E Renotinex has a positive effect on free-radical processes, biochemical parameters of blood plasma, as well as on the systemic structural organization of blood plasma in patients operated on for urolithiasis. The inclusion of the combined product Renotinex in the treatment regimen for patients with urolithiasis is pathogenetically justified.

Features of the influence of S-ethyl-4-aminobenzene thiosulfonate on some biochemical parameters of rat blood under the condition of Cr(VI) intoxication

Background. The main pathway of Cr(VI) cytotoxicity is activation of oxidative stress in cells of living organisms, resulting in an imbalance of blood biochemical para­me­ters. Our recent studies indicate that S-ethyl-4-aminobenzenethiosulfonate (ETS), which belongs to thiosulfonate compounds, is able to reduce intensity of Cr(VI)-induced oxidative stress in liver tissue of rats. It is known that oxidative stress induced by Cr(VI) causes liver and kidney tissue damage with a subsequent imbalance of blood biochemical parameters. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential ability of ETS to prevent Cr(VI)-induced disorders of some biochemical blood parameters, which are important biomarkers of Cr(VI) intoxication. Materials and Methods. The object of the research was the separate biochemical parameters of the blood of rats with Cr(VI)-induced oxidative stress after prior exposure to ETS. Two experimental groups of male Wistar rats were intoxicated once per day intraperitoneally with K2Cr2O7 dissolved in physiological saline solution for 7 or 14 days. Two other experimental groups were pretreated once per day intragastrically with ETS dissolved in oil before the period of 7 or 14-day K2Cr2O7 intoxication. We measured total protein, creatinine and urea level, as well as determined the activity of aminotransferases in the blood plasma of rats. Results. Intraperitoneal injection of K2Cr2O7 (dissolved in physiological saline solution at a dose of 2.5 mg Cr(VI)/kg body weight) for 7 and 14 days causes a decrease in total protein level and leads to elevation of plasma creatinine level and urea concentration. The activity of blood aminotransferases increases due to Cr(VI) toxicity. The 14-day exposure to ETS (dissolved in oil at a dose 100 mg/kg body weight) prior to the period of Cr(VI) intoxication is characterized by a smaller percentage increase in the level of crea­tinine, urea and activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the blood plasma of rats. Conclusion. Cr(VI)-induced toxicity causes an imbalance in biochemical blood parameters. Cr(VI) induces a total protein decrease and leads to an increase in the level of the studied biochemical parameters of blood plasma, which are markers of damage to the liver (aminotransferases) and kidneys (creatinine, urea). In contrast, exposure to ETS for 14 days prior to the period of Cr(VI) intoxication causes percentage decrease in creatinine, urea accumulation and percentage reduction of ALT hyper-activation in the blood of rats. However, the levels of creatinine, urea and ALT activity in this case remained significantly higher than those in the control group. In conclusion, pretreatment with ETS (100 mg/kg) for 2 weeks helps to reduce the level of Cr(VI)-induced disturbances of some blood biochemical parameters, but does not normalize them.

Effect of the Lipid Complex from Green Seaweed Ulva lactuca Linnaeus, 1753 on the Biochemical Parameters of Blood Plasma and the Liver in Experimental Dyslipidemia

Effect of the Lipid Complex from Green Seaweed Ulva lactuca Linnaeus, 1753 on the Biochemical Parameters of Blood Plasma and the Liver in Experimental Dyslipidemia

Влияние сочетанного недостатка витаминов D, группы В, кальция и магния в рационе крыс на обеспеченность микронутриентами и биохимические показатели плазмы крови

The lack of vitamins D, B group, calcium and magnesium is common for the diet of the Russian population. It has been previously demonstrated that that the elimination of B vitamin deficiency is a necessary condition for the implementation of vitamin D biological functions. The aim of the research was to assess the effect of a combined deficiency of vitamins D and B group, calcium and magnesium in the diet of rats on biomarkers of micronutrient sufficiency and plasma biochemical indicators. Material amd methods. Male Wistar rats with an initial body weight of 66±1 g were randomly assigned to one of five groups. The rats of the 1st group (Control) were fed a standard semi-synthetic diet (SD) for 28 days. The combined deficit of vitamins D and B group, calcium and magnesium in rats of four experimental groups was caused by a 5-fold decrease in their content in the vitamin mixture and 2-fold decrease in their content in mineral mixture of the SD for 23 days. Over the next 5 days, the rats of 2nd group (+В+D+Ca+Mg) were fed a diet replenished for all missing vitamins and minerals, the rats of 3rd group (-В+D+Ca+Mg) were fed a diet with continued deficiency of B group vitamins, the rats of the 4th group (+В+D-Ca-Mg) were fed a diet with continued lack of calcium and magnesium, the diet of the 5th group (-B-D-Ca-Mg) was not replenished. Vitamins B1 and B2 in lyophilized liver and brain and urine, riboflavin in plasma and 4-pyridoxic acid in urine were determined by fluorimetric methods, 25(OH)D in plasma was determined by ELISA, the level of vitamins A and E in blood plasma and lyophilized liver, of vitamin E in whole brain - by HPLC. Biochemical parameters of blood plasma were determined using a biochemical analyzer. Results. In rats of the 5th group (-B-D-Ca-Mg), there were 3.4-fold increase (p<0.05) in iron plasma level, 1.7-fold elevation (p<0.10) in alkaline phosphatase activity, and 1.8-fold decrease (p<0.05) in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity on the background of the increase in α-tocopherol blood plasma level by 26.7% (p<0.05) and liver content by 2.0 fold (p<0.05) relative to the indicators in animals who hadn't passed the deficiency of micronutrients (Control) and / or from the 2nd group (+B+D+Ca+Mg). The lack of B group vitamins in the diet, which persisted during the correction of vitamin D, calcium and magnesium deficiency in rats of the 3rd group (-B+D+Ca+Mg), inhibited the recovery of diagnostically significant biochemical parameters of blood plasma (namely, an increased level of glucose, iron, triglycerides, cholesterol, α-tocopherol, increased alkaline phosphatase activity and reduced ALT activity) to the level in animals of the control group and/or rats fed the diet replenished for all missing micronutrients (+B+D+Ca+Mg). Conclusion. Combined deficiency of several micronutrients led to changes in biochemical blood parameters. Reduced intake of calcium and magnesium during the correction of the lack of vitamins D and B group in the diet can have a negative impact on vitamin B2 status. Even under normal dietary vitamin E intake the combined deficiency of several other micronutrients affected the metabolism of this vitamin (increased levels of vitamin E in the liver and blood plasma of animals). Chronic combined alimentary deficit of B vitamins, calcium and magnesium, which is characteristic in the diet of the Russian population, reduces vitamin D bioavailability, which justifies the expediency of using vitamin-mineral complexes.

Diet analysis, blood plasma biochemical indicators and body compositions of first year university students in the context of adaptation to the new educational environment

Introduction. The article examines the problem of adaptation to the new educational environment and pedagogical support for first-year university students. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the body composition, nutrition and biochemical parameters of blood plasma of first-year students who are adapting to living in a university dormitory. Materials and Methods. The methods of empirical research of physical development (length, weight, body mass index), body component composition (total fat content, muscle component), nutrition structure (macronutrient composition and caloric content of the daily diet), biochemical analysis of blood plasma (plasma content of triglycerides, cholesterol, low-and high-density lipoproteins, glucose), as well as statistical methods of data comparison were used. Results. The body length of males (175.4 cm), in contrast to females (162 cm) aged between 18 and 19 years is not a definitive indicator and can increase during 2 or 3 years. The percentage of overweight and obesity among first-year students was 16.1%; total fat content exceeding the limit values was found in 35.5% of females and 6.7% of males, and insufficient fat content was found only in 10% of males. The muscle component, both in girls and boys, corresponded to the indicators of the norm. The actual nutrition of first-year students living in a university dormitory was characterized by a lack of calories, fats, including polyunsaturated fatty acids, and insufficient consumption of carbohydrates, including dietary fibers. This deficiency was more pronounced among females, who also had a deficit in the consumption of proteins, especially of animal origin. The biochemical parameters of the blood plasma of all students did not exceed the normal limits, except for the values of high-density lipoproteins. The percentage of students with low values of high-density lipoproteins was 8.3%. The content of CCS in the blood plasma was inversely proportional to the caloric content of the diet and the amount of fat consumed. The predisposition to disorders of lipid metabolism in first-year students living in a university dormitory was due to insufficient replenishment of the body's energy expenditure and an unbalanced diet. Conclusions. Early adulthood is characterized by the formation of a definitive level and the predominance of assimilation processes, so the issues of healthy nutrition, especially in the conditions of a high rhythm of students’ life, insufficient replenishment of energy consumption and unbalanced consumption of nutrients, are relevant and require attention from the group leaders for first-year students. Pedagogical support of first-year students should contain methods and techniques aimed at promoting healthy nutrition and financial literacy.

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ЖИДКОЙ ВОДОРАСТВОРИМОЙ КОРМОВОЙ ДОБАВКИ «REASIL HUMIC VET» ДЛЯ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ВОСПРОИЗВОДИТЕЛЬНОЙ СПОСОБНОСТИ ПЕТУХОВ

The materials presented in the article describe the solution to the problem of early culling of brood males, preserving their reproductive health, reproductive ability and the quality of the resulting sperm products through the use of a liquid water-soluble feed additive of complex action "Reasil Humic Vet", consisting of a concentrated solution of high molecular weight sodium salts of humic acids from leonardite. An assessment of the reaction of male-breeders of meat cross to the transfer from floor to cage keeping was carried out. The experiments were carried out in the veterinary clinic of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Food and Biotechnology of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education of the Saratov State Agrarian University in the period 2020-2021. In the experiment, roosters of the POCC 308 breed were used. Drinking with water a liquid water-soluble feed additive of complex action "Reasil Humic Vet" neutralizes the negative stress effect on the organism of the males. The variability and level of biochemical parameters of blood plasma in males of the 1st control group were significantly higher for the content of triglycerides and cholesterol, which characterize fat metabolism. The criterion for selecting males for the experiment was the primary reaction to massage by the method of Burrows W. A., Quinn J. P. To assess the volume of ejaculates obtained and determine the indicator of sperm activity, the selected livestock was divided into two groups: group 1 (n = 5) - control; Group 2 (n = 5), the subject received "Reasil Humic Vet" with water. The studied livestock had an ejaculate volume of 0.1 ml to 1.1 ml. The indicator of sperm activity in the 1st group at the first assessment ranged from 5.9 to 8.7 points. The increase in sperm activity in the second group occurred on day 20 and the next day of the experiment after transfer to individual cells and showed a stable result from 8.5 to 9.5 points. As a result of the experiment on the study of the quality indicators of sperm in the 2nd experimental group of males, high indicators of Cv variability were obtained from 32.0% to 54.0%.

Biochemical parameters of blood plasma of the male population living on the territory of the Aral Sea

The Aral Sea ecological disaster zone affects the health status of the population living in this zone. Biochemical parameters are indicators of the metabolic functionality of the body. The article presents data about the biochemical parameters of blood plasma in the male population living in the ecological crisis zone of the Aral Sea region. It is shown that when determining the majority of indicators of biochemical analysis within the physiological norm, there is a significant percentage of people with deviations in these indicators. Such data make it possible to assume about the factors that can affect the entire population and have massive manifestations. Certainly, these factors, include the negative impact of the environment on public health. An increase in gamma — glutamyltransferase was found in 41 % of the subjects, an increase in cholesterol in 38 % and an increase in triglycerides in 34 %. In the inhabitants of the Aral Sea, a correlation was found between the biochemical parameters of blood serum from the dose of chemicals. It was shown that long-term chemical load in the crisis zone of the Aral Sea region causes a deviation of protein metabolism. The results obtained indicate a significant percentage of people with metabolic stress in the process of adaptation to high chemical load.

The Effects of the Lipid Complex of Extract from the Marine Red Alga Ahnfeltia tobuchiensis (Kanno et Matsubara) Makienko on the Biochemical Parameters of Blood Plasma and Erythrocyte Membranes during Experimental Stress Exposure

The Effects of the Lipid Complex of Extract from the Marine Red Alga Ahnfeltia tobuchiensis (Kanno et Matsubara) Makienko on the Biochemical Parameters of Blood Plasma and Erythrocyte Membranes during Experimental Stress Exposure

PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CHUYA KAZAKHS AND SOUTHERN ALTAIANS

The aim is to identify gender phenotypic signs of adaptation of the Kazakh and Altai populations to the conditions of Southeast Altai. Tasks: to characterize the morphological indicators of adolescents (13-15 years old) and adults (20-29 years old), depending on nationality and gender; to evaluate the macronutrient analysis of the daily food allowance and the biochemical parameters of blood plasma of adult Kazakhs and Altaians of both sexes. Methods. The study was conducted in the Kosh-Agach district of the Altai Republic. Length and body weight were assessed in Kazakh and Altai teenagers, and beside that the macronutrient analysis of the daily food allowance, as well as the level of cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, glucose, high and low density lipoproteins in the blood plasma were estimated in adults. Results. The adult Kazakh population of Gorny Altai was found to be similar to the native Altai population according to morphological characteristics, type of nutrition, and plasma lipid indices. Compared to Altaians, they have more pronounced manifestations of sexual dimorphism in terms of length and body weight. In the puberty, Kazakh boys are significantly shorter not only their herd mates of a homogeneous population, but also peers from Northern Kazakhstan. Conclusion. The climatic and geographical conditions of the Altai highlands determine the manifestation of the following phenotypic signs in the Kazakh population: hyperstenoid body type, high fat intake, metabolic processes that ensure the stability of blood plasma lipids, more pronounced signs of sexual dimorphism at different stages of ontogenesis.

INVESTIGATION OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND EFFICIENCY OF SEED OIL OF SPINDLE TREE (EUONYMUS EUROPAEA L.) ON THE MODEL OF NON-ALLERGIC DERMATITIS

The aim of the research was to study the chemical composition and effectiveness of the seed oil of Spindle tree (Euonymus europaea L.) on the non-allergic contact dermatitis model. The oil was obtained by the extraction by petroleum ether from the seeds. The analysis of fatty acids and determination of their quantitative content was carried out using gas chromatography. Determination of carotenoids and tocopherols content in fatty oils was carried out after chromatography on a silica gel column. Investigation of anti-inflammatory action of the Spindle tree seed oil on white rats was carried. Determination of biochemical parameters of blood plasma was performed on the semi-automatic biochemical analyzer BS3000M (Poland). The yield of oil was 20–28 % of the weight of the seeds. Nine fatty acids were identified in the oil by the gas chromatography, among which 4 are unsaturated (oleic, palmitoleic, linoleic and linolenic), which together make up 87.79 % of all fatty acids from this oil. Spindle tree oil contains 26±5 mg – % carotenoids and 40±5 mg – % tocopherols, which were separated by chromatography on a silica gel column. There were no symptoms of intoxication with the introduction of Spindle tree oil in the stomach of rats and it can be classified in the 4 the grade of danger in accordance with GOST 12.1.005-88. The anti-inflammatory activity of Spindle tree oil in comparison with the oil of Sea buckthorn on the model of non-allergic contact dermatitis was weaker, but sufficient to recommend it for the treatment of skin diseases in ointments.

АДАПТИВНЫЕ БИОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ ЭРИТРОЦИТОВ КРЫСЫ ПОСЛЕ ЦИКЛА ПРИНУДИТЕЛЬНОГО ПЛАВАНИЯ С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ ЭКСТРАКТА ЗЕЛЕНОГО ЧАЯ И АММОНИЙНОГО ПРЕКОНДИЦИОНИРОВАНИЯ

The study of natural compounds, increasing endurance and (or) accelerating recovery, is the most important task of sports medicine and physiology. This paper presents the results of comparing the effects of decaffeinated green tea extract (GTE) and one of the endogenous products of amino acid metabolism, ammonia, which was tested as a solution of ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) alone and in combination with GTE as a stimulator of physical performance. In a forced swimming model, the stimulating effect of NH4Cl was established, which exceeded the action of GTE. Multidirectional adaptive changes of some biochemical parameters of blood plasma and erythrocytes were revealed in rats using GTE and NH4Cl, as well as enhancing effect of combined application of these compounds on the performance of rats. A mechanism is proposed for optimizing the oxygen transport and shuttle function of erythrocytes by ammonium chloride under conditions of intense physical activity.

Sex and line differences in biochemical indices and fat soluble vitamins sufficiency in rats on in vivo model of metabolic syndrome

Consumption of diets that are inadequate in energy value to the actual energy expenditure can lead to the development of metabolic syndrome (MS), which has consequences such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic steatohepatosis, atherosclerosis, gout, allergic diseases. Experimental models of MS are needed to develop new approaches to its dietary and drug correction. The aim of the work was a comparative analysis of functional, biochemical and vitamin markers characterizing the effect of a diet with a high content of fructose (F) on males and females of various rat lines and the selection on this basis of an optimal in vivo MS model. Male and female rats of the outbred Wistar line (W) and the inbred Dark Agouti line (DA) were used in the work number of 16 individuals of each sex and line. The animals of the 1st (control) groups of each sex and line received a balanced semi-synthetic diet according to AIN93, and the animals of the 2nd (experimental) groups - the same diet and 30% solution of F instead of water in the regime of free access. Within 121 days, energy value of diets consumed, the increase in body weight and blood pressure were determined; relative mass of internal organs, biochemical parameters of blood plasma, content of fat-soluble vitamins A and E in blood plasma and liver were determined at withdrawal of animals from experiment. It was shown that, in spite of the increased energy value of the diet in the experimental groups throughout experiment, DA males and females practically did not respond to this by an increase in body weight gain, in contrast to W rats (in particular, females). Consumption of diets with F led to an increase in glucose level irrespective of gender and line, whereas triglyceride level (TG) significantly increased only in the case of W female. Addition of F caused in DA rats of both sexes an increase in the mass of the kidneys, as well as more pronounced, in comparison with W rats manifestation of markers of toxic effects on the liver (increases alanine aminotransferase and γ-glutamyltransferase activity, elevated urea and bilirubin level in blood plasma). In rats of both lines intake of F suppressed the accumulation of retinol palmitate in the liver in terms of its specific content. The total content of α-tocopherol in liver was significantly higher in W compared with DA. At the same time, α-tocopherol levels in blood plasma correlated with TG, and the α-tocopherol/TG ratio significantly decreased in female W receiving F, which were characterized by hyperlipidemia. Thus, the effect of F on W males and, in particular, females, basically corresponded to the classical picture of MS with body weight increasing, elevated blood pressure, glycemia and TG increase, whereas the toxic effect of F prevailed in DA liver and, possibly, kidneys without development of marked dyslipidemia and obesity.

Comparative evaluation of vitamin status and biochemical markers of metabolic syndrome on the models of rodents receiving rations with high quotas of different sugars

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is one of the leading causes of non-infectious pathology among the population of developed countries. It is necessary to have experimental in vivo models of MS for pre-clinical testing of new approaches to its dietary therapy. The purpose of the study was a comparative analysis of functional, biochemical and vitamin markers that characterize the effect of diets with different composition of simple carbohydrates (sugars) on female Wistar rats and female C57Black/6J mice. Animals of each species (n=80) were divided into 5 groups of equal numbers. The animals of the 1st (control) group received a balanced semi-synthetic diet, and the animals of groups from the 2nd to the 5th - the same diet and 30% solutions of sugars - glucose (Gl), fructose (Fr), equimolar mixture Gl and Fr and sucrose instead of water, in the regime of free access for up to 133 days. Measured values included blood pressure, mass of internals, biochemical parameters of blood plasma, the activity of CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2B1, CYP3A and glutathione transferase (GT) in liver, glutathione peroxidase (GP) in erythrocytes, the content of vitamins A and E in blood plasma and in liver, the level of vitamins B1 and B2 and nicotinamide coenzymes in liver. Interspecific differences in the response to sugars manifested in a decrease in the solid diet consumption in mice (in contrast to rats), so that the total consumed energy value in experimental groups of mice did not differ systematically from control, and the weight gain was reduced. Liver was the most sensitive organ to addition of sugars in both rats and mice with mass significantly increasing by the 2nd and the 4th months of the experiment. Hyperglycemia and triglyceridemia were the most noticeable in rats receiving Fr. The concentration of phosphorus increased significantly in blood plasma of all rats groups that received sugars. In rats there was a decrease in the activity of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 in groups 3 and 5, the activity of CYP2B1 in groups 2 and 5, the increase in HT activity in groups 2, 4 and 5, and GP in group 3 at 56th day of experiment. There was a significant decrease in this index in group 3 at the 56th and the 133rd days of the experiment, and in groups 4 and 5 - at the 56th day. Plasma tocopherol to triglycerides ratio decreased in rats of group 3 at the 56th and 133rd days, groups 4 и 5 - at 56th day, which indicated the decrease of vitamin E safety. Sugars consumption suppressed retinol palmitate accumulation in the liver of rats and mice, and alpha-tocopherol in mice. It was concluded that Fr had the greatest effect on the studied indicators of the organism, and the rats showed the most significant similarity with the clinical picture of MS.

Enriching the drinking water of rats with extracts of Salvia officinalis and Thymus vulgaris increases their resistance to oxidative stress.

Nature is an attractive source of therapeutic compounds. In comparison to the artificial drugs, natural compounds cause less adverse side effects and are suitable for current molecularly oriented approaches to drug development and their mutual combining. Medicinal plants represent one of the most available remedy against various diseases. Proper examples are Salvia officinalis L. and Thymus vulgaris L. which are known aromatic medicinal plants. They are very popular and frequently used in many countries. The molecular mechanism of their biological activity has not yet been fully understood. The aim of this study was to ascertain if liver cells of experimental animals drinking extracts of sage or thyme will manifest increased resistance against oxidative stress. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into seven groups. They drank sage or thyme extracts for 2 weeks. At the end of the drinking period, blood samples were collected for determination of liver biochemical parameters and hepatocytes were isolated to analyze (i) oxidatively generated DNA damage (conventional and modified comet assay), (ii) activities of antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx)] and (iii) content of glutathione. Intake of sage and thyme had no effect either on the basal level of DNA damage or on the activity of SOD in rat hepatocytes and did not change the biochemical parameters of blood plasma. Simultaneously, the activity of GPx was significantly increased and the level of DNA damage induced by oxidants was decreased. Moreover, sage extract was able to start up the antioxidant protection expressed by increased content of glutathione. Our results indicate that the consumption of S.officinalis and T.vulgaris extracts positively affects resistency of rat liver cells against oxidative stress and may have hepatoprotective potential.

Dynamics of some biochemical parameters in patients with peripheral occlusive arterial disease at different periods following reconstructive surgery

According to various authors and our own experience, intimal hyperplasia develops in 40-50% cases following reconstructive surgeries causing complications in post-operative period by the development of restenosis. Nowadays more importance in the development of intimal hyperplasia is given to the dynamics of different biochemical parameters of blood plasma. This work represents the analysis of blood plasma endothelin-1, adhesion molecules and C-reactive protein rates in patients with peripheral occlusive arterial disease at different periods following reconstructive surgery. Research was performed in 25 male patients with peripheral occlusive arterial disease stage IIb-IV according to Fontaine-Pokrovsky classification who underwent reconstructive surgery with the use of allo-prostesis.

Biochemical parameters of blood plasma and content of microcystins in tissues of common carp (Cyprinus carpioL.) from a hypertrophic pond with cyanobacterial water bloom

The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of the blood plasma parameters and the content of microcystins in the tissues of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) in relation to the toxic cyanobacterial water bloom. Fish (average body mass 2176±697 g) in the hypertrophic pond were exposed to natural water bloom (dominated by Planktothrix agardhii, Pseudanabaena limnetica and Limnothrix redekei), which contained microcystins (concentration in biomass 20–181 μg g−1 dry wt, concentration in water 0.3–9.5 μg L−1). Biochemical parameters in fish blood plasma were analysed in 89 fish at 14-day intervals during the whole season (nine sampling periods). Our results demonstrated high variability and fluctuations in the investigated parameters. The content of microcystins and density of cyanobacterial cells correlated with some haematological indices as lipase, alanine–aminotransferase, albumin, magnesium and chlorides. The concentrations of microcystins in the muscle and liver of the fish (determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometer) were below the limit of detection during the monitored period [0.31 ng g−1 fresh weight (f.w.) for the liver and 0.13 ng g−1 f.w. for muscle]. Our study demonstrates that although known cyanobacterial toxin microcystins were not detected in the fish tissues, several biochemical parameters important for the fish physiology were modulated by natural cyanobacterial bloom.

The effect of carnitine on hatching rate and metabolic profile of blood in breeding layers

We examined the effect of orally administered L-carnitine (at a dose of 30 mg per kg of feeding mixture) on egg hatching and some haematological and biochemical parameters of blood plasma in COBB 500 breeding layers of meat type. The experimental results confirmed a positive effect of L-carnitine, which increased the hatching rate significantly (P &amp;le; 0.05) by 8.89% as compared to the control. This positive effect resulted from a highly significant (P &amp;le; 0.01) decrease in the number of unfertilized eggs in experimental layers (4.44%), as compared to the control (12.2%). Haematological tests such as total counts of erythrocytes and leukocytes showed no differences between control and experimental layers. However, the average levels of haematocrit and haemoglobin in experimental layers were significantly lower (P &amp;le; 0.01) (0.31 l/l and 85.67 g/l) in comparison with the control (0.33&amp;nbsp;l/l and 89.92 g/l). Biochemical examination of the samples of blood plasma collected from experimental layers after the administration of L-carnitine revealed higher levels of glucose and magnesium and lower levels of total protein, cholesterol, AST, calcium and phosphorus, as compared to the control. The differences in the average levels of the monitored biochemical parameters between control and experimental layers were found highly significant (P &amp;le; 0.01). The results provide new knowledge of the effect of L-carnitine on the metabolism of layers. These results are important not only from the scientific aspect, they are also of practical importance and can be used to formulate diets for breeding layers in order to enhance reproduction. &amp;nbsp;