Biochemical Parameters In Patients Research Articles

Assessment of Serum Apelin Level in Iraqi Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy Patients

The present study is investigated the relationship between Apelin concentration and various biochemical parameters in patients with type2 diabetic nephropathy. A total of 30 patients diagnosed with Diabetic Nephropathy at Al-Yarmouk and Al-Karama teaching hospitals were included in the study and compared to 40 healthy individuals forming the control group. The study was identified a significant increase in Apelin concentration among patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy, compared to the control group. Additionally, various biochemical parameters were analyzed, and a strong correlation was found between their concentrations and Apelin levels. Considerable elevation of serum nitrogen compounds like urea and creatinine, as well as fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were observed in the type 2 diabetic nephropathy patients. A positive correlation between Apelin and both creatinine and glycated hemoglobin levels was observed. Conversely, a negative correlation was observed between Apelin and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), indicating potential implications for kidney function in these patients. These findings emphasize the significance of monitoring Apelin concentration along with other biochemical variables as essential indicators for the management and understanding of type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Further research in type 2 diabetic nephropathy could offer valuable insights into potential interventions and treatment strategies for improving patient outcomes.

Dynamics of Immunological and Biochemical Markers Depends on the Severity and Time after Symptoms Onset of COVID-19 – Single Centre Analysis

More than three years after the first wave of COVID-19, the biomarkers responsible for the course of this disease continue to be debated. Moreover, the new condition, long COVID, poses many unsolved questions. Therefore, we decided to perform a complex analysis of immune and biochemical parameters in patients with different severity of COVID-19. Eighty-five adult patients with RT-PCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection hospitalized in the period April-November, 2020, were enrolled in the study. Extended immunological and biochemical parameters were analyzed in different time points after symptoms onset of COVID-19. Our results demonstrated that severe patients present with increased CRP, ferritin, D-dimer and NLR, decreased counts of lymphocytes, total T lymphocytes and major T-cell subsets, increased proportions of activated T cells, Tregs and Bregs. Markers of immune response dysfunction combined with hematological, inflammatory and coagulation indicators may be more informative for predicting severe COVID-19. Moreover, the changes and dynamics of immunological and biochemical biomarkers depend on the severity and time after COVID-19 symptoms onset.

Essesment of short-term clinical outcomes in coronary artery disease patients after PCI on the background of low glycemic diet

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Accumulated data suggest that low glycemic index diet (LGID) improved several clinical and biochemical parameters in patients with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (ASCAD) after percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) [1]. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of LGID on short-term clinical outcomes in patients with ASCAD. Material and Methods The prospective, open label randomized study included 160 ASCAD patients collected within 2016-2019 years (Aged 38-76 years, mean age 58.2±12.0 years, male=48%). Patients were divided into 2 groups by 80 and assigned either LGID or routine recommended diet (RD). Patients were followed-up to three years after the PCI followed by stenting (medium 18.22±6.54 months) for the assessment of major adverse cardiac events (MACE). All data analyzed using STATA software. Results At the follow up period mortality rate was higher in RD groups than LGID group (RR1.34, CI 95%, 1.025-1.85, P<0.05). MACE were significantly higher in Group II than Group I patients (RR 1.28, CI 95%, 1.018-1.76, P<0.05). During the follow up 7% of patients occurred ACS whereas 11% patients in RD group occurred ACS (P<0.05). Regarding the stent thrombosis, there were not observed statistically significant changes between groups (P>0.05). Target vessel revascularization were performed in 2.5% LGID group patients whilst 6.25% in RD group patients (P<0.05). Besides, target lesion revascularization was performed in 1.25% LGID patients whilst 3.75% RD group patients (P<0.05). When we analyzed clinical outcomes by gender there were not observed any statistically significant changed between men and women (P>0.05). Conclusion Low glycemic index diet had lesser risk of MACE than routine diet in the short-term period in patients with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease after PCI. Further studies are required with large amount of patients.

Effect of Levocarnitine on Physical and Biochemical Parameters in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common disorder in women of reproductive age closely related to insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidaemia and long term diseases including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The management of PCOS may be challenging on account of the comorbidities associated with the disease. Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of Levocarnitine supplementation on physical and biochemical parameters in polycystic ovary syndrome. Methods: This randomized controlled study was conducted in the Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from January 2021 to December 2021. Total 78 diagnosed cases of PCOS were selected for medication and were included in this study. Eligible women who gave their informed consent were allocated into either Group A (Levocarnitine) or Group B (Placebo) on the basis of computer generated table. Group A received Levocarnitine and Group B received Placebo for 12 weeks. Then pretreatment and post treatment physical parameters including BMI, waist circumference and biochemical parameters including cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL, fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR were assessed. Results: Treatment with levocarnitine significantly reduced BMI (-6.00±0.00 vs -0.45±0.07) waist circumference (-4.88±2.85 vs -0.77±0.30) compared with the placebo. In Levocarnitine group, total cholesterol (-38.15±7.33 vs -0.79±27.00 mg/dl), serum triglycerides (-60.00±53.33 vs. -0.33±9.59 mg/d) and LDL (-23.49±1.81 vs. -0.41±0.07 mg/dl) were significantly reduced and HDL level was significantly increased (4.23±1.62 vs 0.41±0.49 mg/dl) compared with the placebo group. Moreover, compared with the placebo, levocarnitine led to a significant reduction of fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR (-0.49±0.95 vs. 0.09± 0.29). Conclusion: In conclusion, levocarnitine administration led to an improvement in physical parameters including BMI, waist circumference as well as biochemical factors including cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL. Insulin resistance was significantly reduced in post treatment patients of Levocarnitine. In contrast, although physical and biochemical parameters improved in the placebo group, the change was not significant.

Correlation of Transfusion Dependence and Its Associated Sequelae to Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Patients With Sickle Cell Disease and Beta Thalassemia Major in Khobar: A Retrospective Study.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) and beta thalassemia major (βTM) are multisystemic, genetically inherited diseases. They are caused by mutations of hemoglobin, which ultimately cause abnormal functioning of the red blood cells. The morbidity and mortality rates of these diseases are significant, as they may result in severe complications, some of which are quite fatal; hence, early diagnosis and treatment are crucial. The purpose of this study is to collect patients' data in terms of their manifestations and overall clinical picture and correlate them to the laboratory parameters with emphasis on their transfusion dependence and its sequelae in King Fahd Hospital of the University (KFHU), Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia. After obtaining ethical approval from the institutional review board and in collaboration with the blood bank, patients' data were retrospectively collected from the hospital's database and categorized into two disease groups. Accordingly, data related to the biological and demographic information, clinical picture pattern, laboratory investigations, and therapeutic measures, with emphasis on blood transfusion as a treatment option, were gathered and analyzed. Eventually, the aforementioned data aspects were assessed for the probability of correlations, which were proven to be present to some level as an answer to our cohort study's question. Such findings, which will be depicted later in this study, might represent a ground for having a more comprehensive and extensive approach in terms of the general evaluation of patients with SCD and βTM based on the established level of correlation. During the course of conducting our research, we encountered some limitations, including the sample size and scarce data available during the process of data collection.

Prevalence of hyperuricemia among patients undergoing hemodialysis: Approach to understanding the risk factors

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is closely associated with hyperuricemia. Elevated urate levels and hyperuricemia are common in patients with impaired renal function. Kidney replacement therapies, such as hemodialysis and kidney transplantation, are conventional treatment strategies for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of hyperuricemia and investigate its correlation with demographic characteristics, clinical comorbidities, and biochemical parameters in patients undergoing hemodialysis.
 Method. In this retrospective study, we assessed the prevalence of hyperuricemia in 102 hemodialysis patients at the Nephrology and Dialysis Department of Basra Teaching Hospital in Basra, Iraq. We recorded demographic characteristics, such as age and gender, and examined whether there was any correlation with hyperuricemia. Additionally, we assessed the association of hyperuricemia with clinical comorbidities like diabetes and cardiovascular diseases in these patients. Clinical chemistry and electrolyte parameters were analyzed using a high-performance serum work area platform, COBAS C 111.
 Results. Among all the assessed biochemical parameters, magnesium showed a significant association with hyperuricemia in patients undergoing hemodialysis. We also found a statistically significant association between hyperuricemia and cardiovascular diseases in these patients. These findings underscore the significance of hyperuricemia as both a risk factor and a potential target for therapeutic interventions in managing these comorbidities.
 Conclusion. This study highlights the importance of monitoring uric acid levels in patients undergoing hemodialysis to gain a more comprehensive understanding of their health, from the cellular to the organ level.

Estimation of Myeloperoxidase and Some Biochemical Parameters in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complex disease impacting more than twenty million individuals in the United States. Progression of CKD is associated with a number of serious complications, including increased incidence of cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, anemia and metabolic bone disease. CKD patients should be assessed for the presence of these complications and receive optimal treatment to reduce their morbidity and mortality. A multidisciplinary approach is required to accomplish this goal. Aim: The aim of the study to estimation myeloperoxidase activity in CKD patients and its association with other biochemical parameters (Creatinine and eGFR). Patients and Methods: A Case-control study is carried out Baghdad in the Imamian Kadhimian Medical City and Al- Karamah Teaching Hospital between August 2022 and March 2023. The number of CKD male under study was 60 male whose ages were between 25 to 50 years old. In addition, the control group consisted of 30 healthy volunteer males aged between 25 to 50 years and they did not have any diseases. Blood samples collected from each male for measurement of Myeloperoxidase (MPO) by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), measure of serum creatinine by Abbott c4000 clinical chemistry analyzer and eGFR by MDRD equation. The study showed that the reduced mean level of myeloperoxidase (p value <0.001) in patients group compared with control group, (19.9±6.82 ng/ml) and (42.4±4.98 ng/ml) respectively. Our study revealed that with increasing CKD stage, the myeloperoxidase levels decrease. Also, the elevated mean level of creatinine was 7.47±2.8 mg/dl in patient group was highly significant than control group 0.84±0.158 mg/dl p value <0.001. The decrease mean of GFR was 9.42±3.53 in patients compared with controls 109±22.6 with high statistically significance (p<0.001). The study found a positive correlation between MPO and GFR and negative correlation of serum myeloperoxidase with serum creatinine level in CKD patients.

Clinical significance of Osteoprotegerin, Vitamin D, Obestatin and some biochemical variables in Kidney failure Patients

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is described as an abnormalities of renal function, existing for a long period of time. By reason of the early grades of Chronic kidney disease can be experiences no symptoms, its premature identification is strenuous. initial stage CRD can cause various complications, such as anemia, matabolyic disorders of bone mineral. The study was done to assess the effect the chronic renal disease stage on the Osteoprotegerin, 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D, Obestatin levels and some biochemical parameters in patients not undertaken dialysis therapy. In this case-control study fifty-five patients with Kidney failure and fourty healthy people were examined. Circulating concentrations of Osteoprotegerin, 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D and Obestatin were estimated by ELIZA technique, serum urea, uric acid, total protein and total calciumu were estimated enzymatically using spectrophotometer.
 Serum concentration of Osteoprotegerin, Obestatin, renal function markers in patients group were higher (328.3±41.68 pg/mL; 15.52±4.28pg/mL; 183.2±10.35 mg/dL; 8.88±0.54 mg/dL; 6.57±0.22 mg/dL) respectively in comparison to the control group (172.6±55.48 pg/mL; 11.64±3.26 pg/mL; 33.45±1.08 mg/dL; 0.95±0.03 mg/dL; 4.35±0.22 mg/dL) respectively. Vitamin D, Total Calcium and Total Proteins level in patients group were lower(24.49±2.53 ng/mL; 8.06±0.18 mg/dL; 6.49±0.12 g/dL) respectively as compared to controls (57.11±12.39 ng/mL; 10.15±0.23 mg/dL; 6.82±0.10 g/dL) respectively. The current study reveals that circulating levels of Osteoprotegerin Obestatin are remarkably linked with the existence of renal failure, the current data identify a high prevalence deficiency and insufficiency of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D in patients with moderate and severe Chronic nephropathy.

Clinical and biochemical changes and their correction in patients with metabolic phenotype of osteoarthritis and insomnia

BACKGROUND: Currently, OA is considered a polyetiological disease, where several phenotypes are distinguished based on the leading role of a specific risk factor. It is assumed that each clinical phenotype corresponds to its own fundamental changes in various organs and systems. Modern experimental evidence of chondro-osteogenic activity allows us to consider melatonin as a potential drug for various types of osteoarticular pathology.AIM: To study clinical and biochemical changes and effects of melatonin in the metabolic phenotype of OA and insomnia.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved patients with a metabolic phenotype of OA and healthy volunteers. The subjects were collected complaints and anamnesis, as well as general clinical and orthopedic examination. In the blood serum, markers of bone and cartilage metabolism were determined. Patients were asked to answer the questions of clinical scales to assess the quality of sleep, the functional state of the joints and quality of life.RESULTS: The study involved 36 patients. Participants were divided into 3 groups: group health patients — patients without articular pathology, sleep quality disorders and normal body mass index; control group- patients with metabolic phenotype of OA, insomnia and basic treatment for 30 days; experimental group — patients with a metabolic phenotype of OA and insomnia, whose basic treatment included melatonin (Melaxen®) at a dosage of 3 mg for 30 days. Statistically significant differences were observed between the initial levels of acid phosphatase (AP), bone isoenzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and calcium (Ca) in the control and experimental groups. According to the results of screening for the detection of insomnia among patients with the metabolic phenotype of, there were statistically significant insomnological disorders compared to the group health patients, as well as significant differences in terms of pain, symptoms, activity and quality of life in general according to the KOOS and SF-36 scales. Correlation analysis showed moderate correlations with biochemical parameters in patients with OA metabolic phenotype groups. After the treatment there was a certain increase in the level of Ca and a decrease in the activity of ALP and АP in patients of experimental group in comparison with patients of control groups. There was a positive trend in the range of criteria of the KOOS and SF-36 scale in experimental groups, pronounced decrease in pain syndrome (P), symptoms (S) and an increase in the levels of daily activity (A) and the total indicator (Sum) in comparison with patients of control groups. Also as improved sleep quality on all scales in comparison with the control group. In control group, problems with the quality and quantity of sleep remained at the same level.CONCLUSION: In patients with the most pronounced indicators of clinical manifestations of OA, more active processes of bone remodeling. The higher the level of bone resorption markers, the greater the severity of the clinical course in patients with osteoarthritis, and the worse the quality of sleep in general. The addition of melatonin to the treatment regimen was associated with a decrease in serum activity of the bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, an increase in calcium levels, as well as with an improvement in sleep and clinical symptoms ОА.

Evaluation of the Coenzyme Q10 and Some Biochemical Parameters in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease.

Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a common diagnosis and a leading cause of death in both males and females. It accounts for 30% of deaths worldwide, including 40% in high-income countries and approximately 28% in developing nations. Several cardiac markers have been used to diagnose and manage cardiovascular diseases. The Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) plays a potential role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases by improving cellular bioenergetics. This study aimed to evaluate the role of CoQ10 and other biochemical parameters in IHD (angina pectoris and myocardial infarction). A case-control study was conducted at the Intensive Care Unit of Ibn-Sina Teaching Hospital and Al-Salam General Hospital in Nineveh Province, Iraq, for two months, from April 1 to June 1, 2022. It included 90 adult participants divided into case and control groups. The case group included 60 patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit and diagnosed with IHD (myocardial infarction or angina pectoris), and the control group included 30 healthy participants matched in age and gender with the case group. Subsequent assay of C-reactive protein (CRP), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), troponin level, and serum CoQ10. In this study, 81.7% of patients in the case group were diagnosed with myocardial infarction. Means of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), CRP, CPK, and troponin were significantly higher, while those of CoQ10 were significantly lower in the case group, compared to the controls. Statistically, a significant moderate negative correlation was detected between CoQ10 level and age. Moreover, significant weak correlations were observed between CoQ10 level and all serum LDH, CRP, and troponin levels. Patients with IHDs had considerably low serum levels of CoQ10, compared to the control group. The highest mean value of lipid profile, except for triglyceride, was observed in patients with IHD, compared to the control group. This explains the role that cholesterol compounds play in the progression of IHD. No significant correlations were found between CoQ10 with body mass index and CPK. The CoQ10 had a negative correlation with age, serum LDH, CRP, and troponin.

Relationshipof clinical course, biochemical and immunological changes in patients with chronic hepatitis B+C

Recent studies have shown that parenteral viral hepatitis is one of the main causes of chronic diffuse liver diseases. The number of patients not only with chronic hepatitis C and B, but also patients with hepatitis of mixed etiology is increasing annually. At the same time, there is a potentiating effect of the association of HBV and HCV with a high risk of developing progressive forms of chronic viral hepatitis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Correlation of the clinical course, biochemical indices in patients with viral mixed infection of the liver have not been studied enough. In the studies of a number of authors, it has been shown that with mixed infection, erased and latent forms of the disease are rarely observed. The aim of the study is to study the immune status and biochemical parameters in patients with chronic hepatitis B+C for a more accurate assessment of the severity of the pathological process. Materials and methods. 62 patients with chronic hepatitis B+C were examined. All the patients under examination were monitored in the hepatological center of the Odessa Municipal Infectious Hospital (Ukraine). The assessment of the severity of the patients' condition was carried out using biochemical indicators. Confirmation of the diagnosis based on determination (qualitatively and quantitatively) HCV RNA and HBV DNA by polymerase chain reaction. Subpopulations of B- and T-lymphocytes (CD19+, CD16+, CD8+, CD4+, CD3+) were determined by the immunofluorescence method using a set of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to establish differential antigens of human lymphocytes using the Eurostar immunofluorescence microscope. Results and discussions. When analyzing the main clinical syndromes in dynamics, it was found that in patients with chronic hepatitis B+C with initial of fibrosis (F0-F1), less pronounced changes in the general condition were observed than in patients with moderate (F2) and advanced fibrosis (F3). The presence of a correlation between the degree of fibrosis and immunological indices in patients with chronic hepatitis B+C allows us to use the information obtained as one of the additional criteria for the severity of the pathological process. The expressiveness of changes of immune status indicators can serve as an additional criterion for the degree of morphological abnormalities in liver tissue.

The effect of post-discharge oral nutritional supplements on outcomes after gastrointestinal surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Malnutrition is a risk-factor for adverse postoperative outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the impact of post-discharge oral nutritional supplements (ONS) on outcomes in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. The Medline and Embase databases were searched for randomised clinical trials in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery who had received ONS for at least two weeks after discharge from hospital. The primary endpoint was weight change. Secondary endpoints included quality of life, total lymphocyte count, total serum protein and serum albumin. Analysis was performed using RevMan5.4 software. Fourteen studies with 2480 participants (1249 ONS/1231 controls) were included. Pooling of results revealed that a reduction in postoperative weight loss in patients taking ONS, when compared with control: overall weighted mean difference (WMD)-1.69kg, 95% CI -2.98 to-0.41, P=0.01. Serum albumin concentration was increased in the ONS group: WMD=1.06g/L, 95% CI 0.04 to 2.07, P=0.04. Haemoglobin was also increased: WMD= 2.91 g/L, 95% CI 0.58 to 5.25, P = 0.01. Total serum protein, total lymphocyte count, total cholesterol and quality of life did not differ between the groups. Patient compliance was relatively poor across the studies and there was variability in the composition of ONS, volume consumed and surgical procedures performed. There was a reduction in postoperative weight loss and an improvement in some biochemical parameters in patients receiving ONS after gastrointestinal surgery. Future RCTs with more consistent methodologies are needed to investigate the efficacy of ONS after discharge from hospital following gastrointestinal surgery.

CLINICAL PROFILE AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS WITH ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE SYNDROME ATTENDING TERTIARY HOSPITAL, IMPHAL

Context:Alcoholism is characterized by development of dependence and withdrawal. The liver enzymes, especially GGT and MCV have beenwidelyusedaspotentialmarkers to quantify severity. Aims:To study clinical profile and biochemical parameters in patients with alcohol dependence syndrome attending tertiary hospital of Imphal. Settings and Design:Department of Psychiatry, RIMS, Imphal, it was a cross sectional study. Methods and Material:180 participants diagnosed with alcohol dependence syndromeas per ICD-10 criteria were included. Data obtained was recorded in semi-structured pro-forma. Statistical analysis used: IBM SPSS version 21 Results: Most patients had tremulousness (89%), and were oriented (75%). Most had tachycardia (79.4%). AST was raised in 92.8% of patients with mean value of198.05 IU/L, and ALT was raised in 89.4% of patients with mean value of 98.53IU/L. GGT was high in 93.9% of patients with mean value of 638.87IU/L. MCV was normal in most of the patients having mean value of 97.3 fl. Conclusions: Most participants diagnosed with alcohol dependence syndrome in this study had withdrawal symptoms in form of tremulousness and tachycardia, liver enzymes were significantly high in most of them. MCV was normal for most of the patients.

Study of the Arginase Activity and Other Biochemical Parameters in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease in Baghdad Governorate-Iraq

The most prevalent form of heart disease and the main cause of death in both developed and developing nations is CAD. It happens when "plaque," or cholesterol or other fatty deposits that accumulate on the inner wall of the artery, narrows or blocks the arteries that deliver blood to the heart. Over time, chest pain might develop as a result of the reduction in blood flow to the heart caused by this plaque accumulation. The study was designed to find if Arginase acts as a biomarker for diagnosing Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). A total of 90 individual samples were included in the present study, the control group consist of 40 healthy individual samples, while the CAD patients were 50 individual samples. Some biochemical parameters such as fasting blood glucose (FBG), troponin I(TnI), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), lipid profile, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and Arginase activity were analyzed. The results of the current study showed no significant differences in the average age of patients (67.00±6.78) when compared with the control group (61.10±6.46), P>0.05. A significant increase Was found in the FBI level, cholesterol, triglycerides, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), TnI, hs-CRP, LDH, and Arginase activity in the patient's group when compared with the control group. While significant decrease (P<0.05) was revealed in the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level in CAD patients in comparison to the control group. Also, there was a positive significant correlation between Arginase activity with each age and FBG. As for the ROC operator curve for Arginase, it was found that the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.953 with a sensitivity of 90%, and specificity of 95%. The results in the present study indicate a possible use of Arginase as a diagnostic marker for CAD.

Evaluate the Complete Blood Picture and Some Biochemical Parameters in Patients referred to the dialysis unit in Diyala General Hospital

Research done on 40 patients; 24 males, 20-79 years, and 16 females, 42-67 years; referred to dialysis unit, Baqubah hospital, in November and December, 2021; January and February 2022. Creatinine, Urea and Iron, record high levels. Glucose, calcium, sodium, potassium, and phosphate, were within normal, and low levels of albumin. Means of Total Erythrocyte Counts (TECs), hemoglobin (Hb), Hematocrit% (HCT), and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), showed lowered level. While, Mean Cell Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), Mean Red Blood Cell Distribution Width- Standard Deviation (RDW-SD), Mean Red Blood Cell Distribution Width- Coefficient of Variation (RDW-CV), were within normal. Total Leucocyte Counts (TLCs), Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Eosinophil, Basophils, were within normal, Platelet Counts and related parameter were within normal. Within ranges some values were higher than normal as, potassium, phosphate, (RDW-SD), (RDW-CV), Neutrophils%, Eosinophil%, Lymphocytes, Mean Platelets Volume (MPV). While some other values were lower as sodium, (TRCs), (Hb), (HCT %), (MCV), (MCH), (MCHC), (RDW-SD), (TLCs), Lymphocytes%, platelets, Platelet Distribution Width (PDW), Platelet- Large Cell Ratio (P-LCR). But some values of glucose, and calcium, were high, and some other low. At the same time Monocytes%, Basophils% was within normal range. In conclusion creatinine and urea levels have an important role in diagnosis and follow- up of kidney failure. All patients have high levels of urea, iron and creatinine. But not all have higher level of potassium and glucose. Sodium and albumin, showed decreased level. Blood picture revealed microcytic, hypochromic anemia; as (TECs), (Hb), (HCT %), (MCHC) and (RDW-SD) were of lower values.

Association of hypercalcemia with biochemical parameters in patients with endocrine disorders

Background. Although today primary hyperparathyroidism and cancers are considered the main factors of hypercalcemia (HC), the latter is quite often detected in various endocrinopathies. According to modern data, ionized calcium (Ca2+) is an intracellular mediator in the functioning of enzymes and hormones. All this determines the importance of finding out the features of the associations between HC and biochemical indicators in various endocrine disorders, which was the purpose of this study. Materials and methods. Retrospectively, according to the medical histories of 537 patients with detected HC, who were treated at the endocrinology clinic of the V. Danilevsky Institute for the Endocrine Pathology Problems in 2020–2021, we have analyzed the features of correlations between HC (by the content of Ca2+) and the levels of phosphorus (P), total protein (TP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in various endocrine pathologies. Results. A significant difference between the spectrum and degree of probability of associations was found even within the limits of one type of pathological conditions. In the group with hypothyroidism, there was an inverse correlation of HC with P (p<0.01) and a highly probable correlation with AST (p<0.001). At the same time, a direct association with P (p<0.01) and an inverse correlation with TP (p<0.001), AST (p<0.001) and ALT (p<0.01) was revealed in case of Graves’ disease. The following data were obtained for tumors of endocrine organs: nontoxic multinodular goiter— direct with P (p<0.001) and inverse with TP (p<0.001) and ALT (p<0.01); thyroid cancer— direct correlation with P (p<0.01) and inverse highly probable with TP (p<0.001) and ALT (p<0.001); nodular pathology of the adrenal glands— direct correlation with TP (p<0.01) and inverse with AST (p<0.01) and ALT (p<0.001). In diabetes mellitus, only an inverse correlation with P was found (p<0.01). There was an inverse correlation with P (p<0.01) and TP (p<0.001), and a direct one with ALT (p<0.001) in primary hyperparathyroidism. Conclusions. Metabolic disorders in the presence of hypercalcemia in patients with various endocrine pathologies have their own characteristics. The nature of revealed correlations between ionized calcium and biochemical parameters in terms of various endocrine diseases must be taken into account when developing a therapeutic strategy for patients with hypercalcemia.

Association of Adiponectin With biochemical parameters in patients with chronic kidney diseases on Hemodialysis process in Erbil city

Adiponectin (Adipo.) is a hormone produced by adipocytes that circulate in the blood. Serum Adipo. concentrations are elevated in several chronic kidney disease (CKD) conditions and are a predictor of end-stage renal disease. The association between Adipo. levels and the progression of the disease are not well established. This study aimed to determine if there was a relationship between serum Adipo. levels and inflammatory, metabolic, and CKD progression in Erbil. In a case-control study of 200 participants, 100 with CKDs were on hemodialysis (HD) in Erbil teaching hospital. To collect the necessary information from participants, a study questionnaire was used. Adipo. hormone levels and other metabolic parameters were measured. Total Cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), fasting blood sugar, C-reactive protein (CRP), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), creatinine, albumin, and urea were all measured in the blood. 90.0% of the cases were at stage 5 of CKD, the Serum Adipo. levels were higher when compared with a healthy control group (13.26 ±0.96 µg/ml vs 2.17±0.75 µg/ml). In conclusion, our study found A high level of Adipo. in CKD patients can predict inflammation and malnutrition and is considered a biomarker for renal dysfunction.

Study the relationship between Apelin and some biochemical parameters in patients with kidney diseases

The study aimed to determine the effect of the lack of peptide apelin in the pathogenesis of kidney patients and the positive impact when increasing its concentration in the body and protect the body from various diseases. The study included 57 patients of different ages and were compared with the control group, which included 25 samples.Through the study, which was conducted and when measuring the concentration of Apelin show that there is a significant decrease (P≤0.01) at a concentration of Apelin in people who suffer from kidney disease compared with the control group, which was Apelin concentrations with in the normal range, and it has been Measuring range of biochemical variables to find a statistically significant correlation between their concentrations and the concentrations of Apelin and results of the study follows :The concentration of nitrogen compounds and their relationship with Apelin levels: found high significant (P≤0.01) at each concentration of urea, creatinine and uric acid in people who are suffering from various kidney diseases compared with the control group, which was within normal of biochemical variables. And their relationship was a correlation with the concentration of Apelin is an inverse relationship. The concentration of proteins in the blood serum concentrations and their relationship Apelin: found a significant increase (P≤0.01) in the concentration of each of the total protein and globulin in people suffering from various kidney disease compared with the control group, which was within normal concentrations of the protein that resides in the body, While the results did not show any significant differences in the concentration of albumin between patients and control group. and their relationship with apelin concentration is an inverse.

Comparison of Therapeutic Feed (Different recipes) during Stabilization Phase for the management of Children with Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM)

Objective: To compare the feeding of sugar based F75, Cooked rice based F75 and Enhanced cooked rice based modified F75 during stabilization phase for the management of children with SAM (Severe Acute Malnutrition) aged 6-60 months presented with diarrhea. Study Design: An open-label randomized controlled trial. Place and Duration: Stabilization center, Children’s Hospital and Institute of Child Health Multan from 1st January 2018 to 30th November 2019. Methodology: The total 270 children, (who were under 5 years of age and admitted to the stabilization center for complicated Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) during study duration) were divided into three groups of 90 patients each. Group A was given Standard sugar-based F75, Group B was given Cooked Rice based F75 and Group C was given Enhanced cooked rice based modified F75. Clinical and biochemical parameters of patients were analyzed at day 1, day 3 and day 7 after admission. Results: The age of our patients was 16.7 ± 12.2 months with male to female ratio of 1.2:1. The mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) of cases was 10.07±0.86 cm. More than half of the children had diarrhea at admission. During the initial stabilization phase (day 1 to day 7), number of patients with complains of diarrhea increased from 57.78% to 65.54% in group A while it reduced from 52.22% to 15.54% in group B and from 62.16% to 7.77% in group C. Conclusion: Modified rice base therapeutic feeding is more effective for treatment of SAM with diarrhea as compared to standard sugar based F75 formula. Keywords: Children, Diarrhoea, Severe Acute Malnutrition, Stabilization Phase, Carbohydrate Malabsorption, Diarrhea, F75 Rice Based Therapeutic Feed How to Cite This: Khan S, Iqbal I, Ali I, Batool N, Abbas A, Arshad R. Comparison of Therapeutic feed (different recipes) during Stabilization Phase for the management of Children with Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM). Isra Med J. 2022; 14(3): 108-112. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55282/imj.oa1140

Assessment of some hematological and biochemical parameters in patients with renal failure in Al-najaf province

Chronic renal failure is a condition in which the kidneys gradually lose their ability to function because of the gradual loss of their parenchyma. This study aimed to detect some hematological and biochemical parameters in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) attending a hemodialysis center. A cross-sectional study included a review of (89) cases of chronic kidney disease at Al-Hakeem Hospital's dialysis center in Najaf from September 7th to October 16th, 2021. The collected data were analyzed using Office Excel and SPSS-23. Variables were analyzed by frequencies, proportions, and percentages. The current study discovered that males had longer sequences than females, and that patients in rural areas had longer sequences than those in urban areas. In the current study, blood Sug, B. Urea, S. Crea, K, Na, Cl, Ca+2, Alb, and Tpro levels did not differ significantly between males and females with renal failure, whereas HB and TCA levels did. At last, we recommend people conduct an early medical examination for kidney disease, especially those who suffer from symptoms such as low urine output, swelling of the legs, fatigue, tachycardia, and others, to obtain early treatment.