Biochemical Parameters In Children Research Articles

Childhood cerebral malaria: Pattern of biochemical parameters and clinical outcome in a Nigerian tertiary hospital

BackgroundThe outcome of children with cerebral malaria involves an interplay of factors including clinical and biochemical parameters, a deep knowledge of these laboratory biochemical parameters is essential. Thus, this study aimed to assess the pattern of the biochemical parameters in children with cerebral malaria and how it may affect the clinical outcomes. MethodsA prospective observational cohort study among fifty subjects at the children's emergency unit. The participants were children aged 6 months to 12 years admitted with a history of fever and altered sensorium, demonstrable malaria parasite in the blood film and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis not suggestive of central nervous system (CNS) infections. Detailed history was taken with thorough examinations of each child. Samples were collected for malaria parasites, serum electrolytes, urea, creatinine, and blood glucose values. The clinical outcomes were correlated with the analyte levels. Results60 % of the children survived without any sequelae with the highest proportion (70 %) of survivors being children above five years. Children with hypoglycemia had a 3.5-fold higher risk of poor outcomes and this is statistically significant (RR = 3.65 p = 0.014). Hyperkalaemia was significantly associated with poor outcomes (RR = 2.57, p = 0.009). Subjects with hypochloraemia had three times the risk of poor outcome and mortality with statistically significant association (RR = 3.07, χ2 = 8.519, p = 0.004). There was a significant association between metabolic acidosis and poor clinical outcome. (RR = 1.99, χ2 = 4.089, p = 0.043). The parasite density was significantly associated with the serum bicarbonate (HCO3−) and Chloride, p-value < 0.05. ConclusionHypoglycaemia, hyperkalemia, hypochloremia and metabolic acidosis were significantly associated with poor outcomes, thus, good predictors of clinical outcomes in children diagnosed with cerebral malaria. Periodic evaluation and monitoring of these parameters is essential for prompt intervention to forestall devastating outcomes.

Assessment of Biochemical Parameters as Indicators of Protein Energy Malnutrition in Turkish Children: A Comprehensive and Retrospective Study

This study aims to address this research gap by meticulously analyzing the biochemical parameters of children aged 0-59 months diagnosed with Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) within the confines of a state hospital over a two-year period. This study is a retrospective study evaluating the biochemistry and hormone laboratory findings of 302 children aged 0-59 months who were diagnosed with Protein Energy Malnutrition between the years 2020-2022 in the pediatric health and diseases clinic of Iğdır State Hospital. This study investigated the distribution of various biochemical parameters in children diagnosed with protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) and explored their significance within this context. The findings, based on reference values, revealed substantial proportions of children with abnormal values for iron, immunoglobulin (IgM and IgA), liver enzymes (ALT and AST), creatinine, CRP, and vitamin D. Gender-based differences were observed for calcium, IgM, Folate, and TSH, with notable variations between male and female children. Correlations between age and various parameters were identified, underscoring the complex interplay between developmental stages and biochemical values. The study highlights the importance of addressing deficiencies, potential complications, and demographic influences in managing PEM. The absence of demographic data integration in existing studies serves as a limitation, emphasizing the need for comprehensive research in this domain. Overall, these insights contribute to a deeper understanding of biochemical dynamics in children with PEM, aiding targeted interventions for improved health outcomes.

Effect of Bisphenol-A on Thyroid Hormones and Some Biochemical Parameters in Children with Juvenile Diabetes

Effect of Bisphenol-A on Thyroid Hormones and Some Biochemical Parameters in Children with Juvenile Diabetes

Pattern of Haematological and Biochemical Parameters of Dengue Virus Infection in Children

Objective: This study was conducted to study pattern of clinical, hematological and biochemical parameters in children with dengue fever. Method: A prospective comparative analysis of 120 suspected febrile children was done at social security teaching hospital in Lahore from September to November 2021. The study participants satisfying the inclusion criteria were registered for further assessment. Clinical findings were logged, hematological and biochemical parameters tests were performed. Results: In this study, there were 56.66 % male participants and 43.33 % female participants. The most common clinical manifestation was fever (100%) followed by vomiting 85.4%, abdominal pain 68.75% and body pain / myalgia in 52.08% cases. Most frequent hematological parameter wasthrombocytopenia (93.75%) followed by leucopenia 70.83% and the elevated levels of liver transaminases were seen in 68.75% subjects. Conclusion: This study focuses on the patterns of laboratory parameters of pediatric dengue viral infections .This might prove helpful for the pediatricians to suspect, diagnose and manage the dengue virus infection.

Long-term follow-up of nutritional status in children with GLUT1 Deficiency Syndrome treated with classic ketogenic diet: a 5-year prospective study.

The classic ketogenic diet (cKD) is an isocaloric, high fat, low-carbohydrate diet that induces the production of ketone bodies. High consumption of dietary fatty acids, particularly long-chain saturated fatty acids, could impair nutritional status and increase cardiovascular risk. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of a 5-year cKD on body composition, resting energy expenditure, and biochemical parameters in children affected by Glucose Transporter 1 Deficiency Syndrome (GLUT1DS). This was a prospective, multicenter, 5-year longitudinal study of children with GLUT1DS treated with a cKD. The primary outcome was to assess the change in nutritional status compared with pre-intervention, considering anthropometric measurements, body composition, resting energy expenditure, and biochemical parameters such as glucose and lipid profiles, liver enzymes, uric acid, creatinine, and ketonemia. Assessments were conducted at pre-intervention and every 12 months of cKD interventions. Ketone bodies increased significantly in children and adolescents, and remained stable at 5 years, depending on the diet. No significant differences were reported in anthropometric and body composition standards, as well as in resting energy expenditure and biochemical parameters. Bone mineral density increased significantly over time according to increasing age. Body fat percentage significantly and gradually decreased in line with the increase in body weight and the consequent growth in lean mass. As expected, we observed a negative trend in respiratory quotient, while fasting insulin and insulin resistance were found to decrease significantly after cKD initiation. Long-term adherence to cKD showed a good safety profile on anthropometric measurements, body composition, resting energy expenditure, and biochemical parameters, and we found no evidence of potential adverse effects on the nutritional status of children and adolescents.

Post-COVID-19 effect on biochemical parameters in children: Should we take heed?

The aim of this research is to analyze the potential impact of the COVID-19 infection on the serum biochemical concentration of children 6 months after recovery from the infection.The study included 72 children with a median age of 11 years. The case group consisted of 37 children who had contracted COVID-19 6 months prior to the analysis. They reported no other pre- or post-covid chronic or systemic diseases. The control group consisted of 35 children who had no prior record of COVID-19 infection.The analysis showed a substantial variation (P = 0.026) in the mean urea values (mmol/L) between the case group (4.513 ± 0.839) and the control group (5.425 ± 1.173). However, both groups' urea levels were within the normal range of their age group. No statistical differences were found analyzing the variations between the two groups in the levels of LDH, AST, ALT, BiliT, GGT, AlbBCG2, CRP, CK, AlKP, UA, Phos, Crea2, Gluc, Ca, Na, K, Cl, TP, TC, TG, and HDL (P > 0.05). The DMFT score was substantially greater (P < 0.002) in the infected team (5.38 ± 2.841) in comparison to the non-infected group (2.6 ± 2.257).The study indicates that COVID-19 infection does not leave biochemical alterations among children who did not have pre-existing conditions. The biochemical analysis suggests that children recover better than adults from COVID-19. Furthermore, it calls for investigating non-lethal COVID-19 infection as a tool to discover underlying conditions. The DMFT score shows a correlation between COVID-19 infection and caries. However, the nature of the correlation is yet to be investigated.

Correlation of parasite density and biochemical parameters in children with malaria infection in Calabar, South-South Nigeria

BackgroundMalaria parasitemia is associated with premature, excessive hemolysis, induction of oxidative stress, and derangement in metabolism of iron, proteins, and some electrolytes. This study aims to evaluate the effects of malaria infection on ascorbic acid (AA), uric acid (UA), iron, transferrin, albumin, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), calcium, and magnesium levels in malaria infection.ResultsAmong the 50 malaria-infected children, 12 had severe parasitemia (PD ≥ 10,000 parasites/μl), 16 had moderate parasitemia (PD: 2000 to < 10,000 parasites/μl), and 22 children had mild parasitemia (PD < 2000 parasites/μl). The AA, iron, transferrin, and TIBC levels were significantly lower and UA and Mg higher in malaria-infected children compared with the controls. Ascorbic acid correlated negatively with UA and PD in malaria-infected children. Iron correlated positively with albumin, transferrin, and TIBC in malaria-infected children, while Ca correlated negatively with Mg levels.ConclusionMalaria infection in children is associated with reduced AA and iron parameters and increased UA and Mg levels; hence, vitamin C and iron supplementation could be useful in malaria therapy.

Impact of One-Year Dietary Education on Change in Selected Anthropometric and Biochemical Parameters in Children with Excess Body Weight.

Obesity is regarded as a civilization disease that increases mortality and the risk of cardiovascular complications. In Poland, the prevalence of excess body weight in the paediatric population has been steadily increasing. The consequences of excess body weight in the developmental age population affect children’s health and destabilize their development. Appropriate dietary interventions are the main non-invasive methods of preventing and treating obesity. They should be aimed at the whole family, optimally with the use of simple tools such as the Healthy Eating Pyramid. Due to the increasing prevalence of excess body weight in the developmental age population and the problems with the treatment of this condition, studies were undertaken in order to determine the impact of a dietary intervention on anthropometric and biochemical parameters in children with excess body weight. A total of 68 (72.3%) children completed the study. Based on BMI SDS, 59 (86.8%) were diagnosed with obesity and 9 (13.2%) with overweight. After the completion of the one-year dietary educational program, a significant improvement in weight loss, waist and hip circumference, as well as the value of the WHtR index was demonstrated. There was also a significant increase in the percentage of muscle tissue and a decrease in the content of adipose tissue in the bodies of examined children. A significant improvement in the parameters of carbohydrate metabolism, and almost all parameters of lipid metabolism, except for total cholesterol. A significant (by 28.0%) reduction in the incidence of fatty liver was also noted. No influence of dietary education on arterial blood pressure was observed.

Changes in biochemical parameters in children exposed to objects of accumulated environmental damage

Introduction. At present, the assessment and evidence of the impact of objects of accumulated environmental damage on the health of the population, primarily children, is extremely relevant, which is reflected in the priority goals of the Federal Project “General Cleaning”. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the changes in some biochemical indicators of negative effects in children exposed to objects of the former production of chemical products. Materials and methods. Risk assessment, chemical-analytical, biochemical and general clinical studies, statistical analysis were carried out. Results. In children exposed to objects of the former production of chemical products, relative to the comparison group, there were identified, toxic metabolites of epichlorohydrin, elevated concentrations of phenol, benzo (a) pyrene, manganese, nickel, lead, arsenic, chromium, zinc in the blood, mercury, cadmium, arsenic in the urine; more frequent registration of the development of negative effects was revealed, indicating a more pronounced development of general and specific sensitization to nickel and hypersensitivity to benzo(a)pyrene, mercury, phenol; a decrease in the filtering ability of the kidneys, the development of functional disorders of the liver and biliary tract, an increase in the synthesis of neurotransmitters and a violation of the neuro-endocrine regulation of the stress state associated with the negative impact of chemical risk factors. Limitations. The conducted study takes into account the influence of only chemical factors of accumulated environmental damage on the health of the child population aged 3-6 years. Conclusion. The relationship between public health disorders and the impact of factors of accumulated environmental damage as a result of the former economic activity for the production of chemical products was identified and evaluated.

The Effect of Long-Term Valproic Acid Monotherapy on Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Children with Epilepsy

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı epilepsi tanılı çocuk hastalarda valproik asidin (VPA) uzun süreli hematolojik ve biyokimyasal yan etkilerini belirlemektir. &#x0D; Gereç ve Yöntem: Geriye dönük bir doğal çalışma tasarımı kullanılmıştır. Katılımcılar, monoteratpi şeklinde yalnızca VPA ile tedavi edilen epilepsi saptanan çocuk hastalardı. Elektronik tıbbi dosyalar, bir VPA tedavisi öncesi ve sonrasında hematolojik ve biyokimyasal parametrelerdeki değişiklikler için gözden geçirildi. &#x0D; Bulgular: Yaşları 3-18 (ort. 10,52 ± 3,63) olan 85 hasta çalışma kriterlerini karşıladı. Hastaların 50’sini (%58,9) kızlar oluşturmaktaydı. Tedaviye başladıktan sonraki ikinci yılda hastaların Trombosit değerleri VPA kullanan hastalarda ortalama 249,32 ± 48,778 olarak hesaplanmıştır ve yıllar içindeki bu farklılık istatistiksel olarak anlamlıdır. Hiçbir ciddi yan etki bildirilmedi.&#x0D; Sonuç: VPA ile tedavi edilen epileptik hastalar, trombosit sayısında azalma ve karaciğer enzimlerinde yükselme riski altında olabilir. Bu nedenle, karaciğer fonksiyonlarının ve hematolojik parametrelerin temel ölçümü ve tedavi boyunca izlenmesi önerilir.

The relationship of carotid intima-media thickness with anthropometric and metabolic parameters in patients with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Background/aimWe aimed to determine the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis using carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and biochemical parameters in children and adolescents with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).Materials and methods Thirty-four patients with classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency on regular glucocorticoid treatment for ≥3 years and 31 healthy subjects were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups according to the degree of control of the clinic, laboratory, and radiological parameters as a) “uncontrolled” [n= 22; with increased height velocity (HV) standard deviation score (SDS) (≥2 SDS), advanced bone age, serum 17-OH progesterone <2.0 and ≥10.0 ng/mL or androstenedione <0.3 and ≥ 3.0 ng/mL] or b) “controlled” [n= 12; with HV SDS < 2, bone age (BA)/ chronologic age (CA) ratio < 1.2, serum 17-OH progesterone between 2 and 10 ng/mL and androstenedione between 0.3 and 3.0 ng/mL]. Ultrasonographic examination of carotid artery was performed by the same radiologist using a B-mode ultrasound system.Results There was no significant difference between the CAH and control groups in terms of median (IQR) CIMT values [0.47 (0.05) mm and 0.47 (0.07) mm, respectively; p > 0.05]. When subgroup comparisons were done in terms of median (IQR) CIMT values, there was no significant difference among the controlled, uncontrolled, and healthy control groups [0.45 (0.03) mm, 0.47 (0.04) mm, 0.47 (0.07) mm, respectively; p> 0.05]. In addition, CIMT levels were similar according to sex and disease control status.Conclusion In this study, the CIMT values of CAH cases were similar to those of healthy subjects.

URIC ACID IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY HYPERTENSION

Abstract Objective: Increased concentration of uric acid may play a role in the pathogenesis of primary hypertension (PH). Aim of the study was to assess concentration of uric acid and its correlation with selected clinical and biochemical parameters in children with PH. Design and method: In a group of 57 untreated pharmacologically children with PH (44 boys, 13 girls, mean age 14.99 ± 2.84 years) following parameters were assessed: serum uric acid concentration [mg/dL], blood pressure in office measurement and in 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, and selected clinical and biochemical parameters. Control group consisted of 20 healthy children (mean 14.11 ± 2.99 years). Results: Serum uric acid concentration was significantly higher in children with PH compared to healthy children (5.72 ± 1.38 vs. 4.55 ± 1.07 [mg/dL]; p = 0.001). In patients with PH, its concentration was significantly higher in boys compared to girls ((6.12 ± 1.20 mg/dL vs. 4.35 ± 1.13 mg/dL, p &lt; 0.001), no such difference was found in healthy children. In the PH group, uric acid concentration correlated positively with age (r = 0.426, p = 0.001), height (r = 0.557, p &lt; 0.001), weight (r = 0.518, p &lt; 0.001), weight Z- score (r = 0.296, p = 0.025), BMI (r = 0.316, p = 0.017), neutrophil count (r = 0.280, p = 0.035), systolic blood pressure (r = 0.375, p = 0.004) and pulse pressure (r = 0.444, p = 0.001) in ABPM and negatively with HDL cholesterol, heart rate (r = -0.310, p = 0.02 (1 = -0.309, p = 0.020) and nighttime diastolic blood pressure dip (r = -0.268, p = 0.044) in ABPM. In multivariate analysis, the determinants of uric acid concentration in children with PH were sex (beta = 0,367, 95%CI (0.122–0.611), p = 0.004) and weight Z-score (beta = 0.254, 95%CI (0.005–0.504), p = 0.046). Conclusions: Children with primary hypertension have increased serum uric acid concentration compared to healthy children. The risk factors for hyperuricemia in pediatric patients with primary hypertension are male sex and high body weight.

Анализ эффективности противовирусной терапии хронического гепатита С у детей

Objective. To analyze the efficacy of antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C (HCV) in children. Patients and methods. This study included 58 children aged between 3 and 17 years who had never received antiviral therapy (AVT) before and were treated in the Pediatric Department for Infectious Diseases, N.A.Semashko City Clinical Hospital No 2 (Samara). The inclusion criteria were as follows: confirmed CHC diagnosis and follow-up for at least one year. We analyzed treatment outcomes during an 8-year period, as well as the dynamics of clinical and biochemical parameters in children with HCV depending on their response to AVT. Results. Sustained virologic response (SVR) was achieved in 19 out of 58 children (32.8%) after 24 weeks of therapy and 30 out of 58 children (51.7%) after 48 weeks of therapy. In these children, viral genotypes were distributed as follows: 1b genotype in 19 participants (32.7%), 2a genotype in 4 participants (6.9%), and 3a genotype in 7 participants (12.1%). Twenty-eight patients (71.8%) remained HCV RNA positive, including 1 child with 2a genotype (2.6%), 3 children with 3a genotype (7.7%), and 24 children with 1b genotype (61.5%). Three years after treatment completion, 25 out of 58 patients (43.1%) had SVR. During 8 years of follow-up, 17 out of 30 children (56.7%) maintained SVR. Conclusion. Five out of 58 study participants (8.6%) developed F1–F2 liber fibrosis (METAVIR scale) over 8 years of follow-up. Two out of 58 children with HCV (3,5%) were found to have liver cirrhosis 6.6 ± 1.15 years after the disease onset (minimum – 4 years; maximum – 8 years). New drugs and treatment regimens are needed to increase the SVR rate in children. Key words: children, outcomes, sustained virologic response, chronic hepatitis C

Gender influence on antioxidant capacity and oxidative damage in saliva of children with autism spectrum disorder: a preliminary study

Abstract Introduction Autism is a complex neurological disorder with multifactorial causes, which compromises physical, psychological, emotional and social skills. This disorder also impairs dental care and patient oral health. Saliva can be easily obtained using a non-invasive technique and has been used in the diagnosis and screening of many pathologies. Total antioxidant capacity of saliva is reduced in the presence of caries in children and has been studied as a possible marker for autism. However, data on salivary antioxidants in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is scarce. Objective This preliminary study evaluated the existence of gender influence on non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity and protein oxidative damage in the saliva of children with this disorder. Our hypothesis is that there are gender differences in these biochemical parameters in children with austim. Material and method Whole saliva samples were collected by aspiration between 8:00-11:00 am from 12 girls and 12 boys aged 5 to 15 years, with previous diagnosis for this disorder. Total antioxidant capacity, uric acid, protein concentration and oxidative damage to proteins were analyzed by spectrophotometry. Values were presented as mean ± standard deviation and tested for adherence to normality (Shapiro-Wilk test). The data were then compared using the Mann-Whitney test, considering a 5% significance level. Result There was no significant difference between groups for all analyzed parameters (P&gt;0.05). Conclusion Based on the results obtained, we concluded that gender does not influence the levels of oxidative stress markers in the saliva of children with ASD.

Negative impacts exerted by elevated arsenic concentrations in drinking water on biochemical parameters in children living in a specific geochemical province

Introduction. There are geochemical provinces in Russia where refuse heaps from mining enterprises increase a share of water samples from drinking water supply sources that don’t conform to hygienic standards as per their sanitary and chemical parameters, including arsenic concentrations.Material and methods. Our research objects were drinking water samples taken in a specific geochemical province where arsenic concentrations in drinking water were increased and the situation was made even worse by a mill tailing belonging to a closed mining enterprise located there (the test territory). Our reference territory was another geochemical province where arsenic wasn’t detected in drinking water in excess concentrations and where no mill tailings were belonging to similar enterprises. We also took data on risk assessment and examined biological materials taken from children (blood, urine, and hair).Results. Poor quality of drinking water as for arsenic contents caused by specific conditions in a geochemical province and aggravated by a mill tailing belonging to a closed mining enterprise led to unacceptable risks of non-carcinogenic effects (up to 1.83∙10-2) produced on the cardiovascular and hormonal system, as well as on the gastrointestinal tract. Children who had to drink low quality water had arsenic in their blood, urine, and hair in concentrations which were up to 264 times higher than those in blood, urine, and hair of children from the reference group. Children who had elevated arsenic concentrations in urine (starting from 0.295 µg/ml), blood (starting from 0.006 µg/ml), and hair (starting from 14.59 µg/ml) had their laboratory test indices deviating from those in children from the reference group. Thus, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatinine concentrations in blood serum were 1.2-1.3 times higher than in the reference group. A contribution made by arsenic into biochemical indices deviating from the physiological standards varied from 16% to 97%.Conclusions. Geochemical provinces with excess arsenic concentrations and mill tailings belonging to mining enterprises, either closed or operating, require special attention. It is necessary to accomplish medical and preventive activities aimed at minimizing health risks; take into account peculiarities related to how this element accumulates in a body and detected negative changes in biochemical parameters.

Correlation between dental caries and hormonal, biochemical parameters in children with early childhood caries

Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between dental caries and hormonal, biochemical parameters in pediatric patients with early childhood caries (ECC).&#x0D; Methodology: This study was conducted on fifty pediatric patients who presented with complaints of pain and caries and underwent dental treatment under general anaesthesia. In this study, the hormonal, biochemical parameters (glucose, urea, uric acid, creatinine, AST, ALT, GGT, CRP, Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Glucose, Iron, TSH, FT3 and FT4) which were routinely taken from patients before general anaesthesia and the number of decayed, extracted and filled teeth (DMFT) obtained as a result of clinical and radiographic examination were evaluated statistically in patients aged 2-6 years. Statistical analysis was performed using Independent Samples T-Test and Spearman correlation coefficient at a 0.05% significance level.&#x0D; Results: According to the data obtained, DMFT average of fifty children (male: 35; female: 15) included in the study was found to be 8.26. The mean DMFT was 7.93 in females and 8.40 in males. No statistical relationship was found between DMFT and gender in statistical analysis. (p&gt;0.05). Uric acid and GGT values, which are among the hormonal and biochemical parameters, were found to be outside the normal range in 61.22% of the patients. However, statistical analysis revealed that there was no significant relationship between DMFT and hormonal, biochemical parameters. (p&gt;0.05).&#x0D; Conclusions: In this study, it was concluded that dental caries did not cause a significant change in hormonal and biochemical blood parameters in pediatric patients with ECC.&#x0D; &#x0D; How to cite this article: Aras A, Doğan MS. Correlation between dental caries and hormonal, biochemical parameters in children with early childhood caries. Int Dent Res 2020;10(1):1-5. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2020.vol10.no1.1&#x0D; &#x0D; Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

Study of Some Hematological and Biochemical Parameters in Children with Thalassemia in City of Karbala

This research including the study of some hematological and biochemical changes in children suffering thalassemia in the province of Karbala. To achieve this aim 50 samples was arranged in two groups first group include 40 patient with thalassemia male and female attending Imam Hussein medical city and second group include 10 healthy children as control. The results appear decrease in concentration of packed cell volume (PCV), Red Blood cell count and Hb. Also the results appear decrease in biochemical parameters represented by (GOT) and (GPT). While there is increase in WBC count in patients as compared with control. The result also shown that thalassemia mostly occurs in male than in female.

Selected Biochemical Parameters in Children of Mothers After Kidney Transplantation

IntroductionThe number of pregnant kidney graft recipients receiving immunosuppressive drugs is increasing yearly. All potentially nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic immunosuppressive drugs penetrate through the placenta, which raises questions about their long-term effects on offspring. ObjectivesThe study aimed to evaluate the influence of immunosuppressive drugs used by pregnant women after kidney transplantation on the biochemical parameters of their children. Materials and methodsForty children born to mothers after kidney transplantation (KTx) and 40 children of healthy mothers from the control group were included in the study. All graft-recipient mothers received immunosuppressive treatment during pregnancy. The study compared biochemical parameters, including urea, creatinine, potassium, and sodium, in both groups. ResultsElevated creatinine level was observed in 1 newborn in the KTx group and none of the children from the control group (P = .500). All KTx children had normal urea levels, while in the control group, 2 newborns had an increased level of urea (P = .247). Elevated potassium levels were observed in 10% of children in the KTx group and 20% of children in the control group (χ2 = 0.881; P = .348). Elevated sodium levels were observed in 22.5% of children in the KTx group and 32.5% of children in the control group (χ2 = 1.001; P =.317). No child in the KTx group had hyponatremia; mild hyponatremia was observed in 5% of children in the control group (P = .247). ConclusionThere was no increased risk of an abnormal concentration of urea, creatinine, sodium, and potassium in the offspring of mothers after kidney transplantation using immunosuppressive drugs during pregnancy.

Клинические особенности хронического гепатита В у детей в зависимости от ответа на терапию

Background: chronic hepatitis is a common infection in all age groups. The optimization of therapeutic approaches is an important medical social and national economic issue. Aim: to describe the clinical and laboratory features of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in children depending on the efficacy of antiviral therapy. Patients and Methods: 31 children aged 3–17 years with НBeAg-negative CHB who were treated in the Children’s Infectious Department of N.A. Semashko Samara City Clinical Hospital No. 2 and then monitored in a children’s hepatological center were enrolled. These children received no prior antiviral treatment. T he efficacy of antivirals and CHB outcomes over a 6-year perio d were evaluated. Results: the changes in clinical and biochemical parameters in children with CHB depending on treatment response were analyzed. All children were prescribed with antiviral therapy according to Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Hepatitis B and C (2010). In 14 (45.2%) children who received antiviral therapy, sustained virologic response was achieved after 48 weeks. In these children, no cases of liver fibrosis were reported over a 6-year period. Meanwhile, in the group without sustained virologic response after antiviral therapy (n=17), 1 patient was diagnosed with liver fibrosis stage 1 and 2 patients were diagnosed with Child class A cirrhosis. Conclusion: despite countrywide HBV vaccination, the incidence of CHB is still high thus requiring the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. KEYWORDS: chronic hepatitis B, children, differential therapy, viral host response, prognosis. FOR CITATION: Churbakovа O.V., Akimkin V.G., Pechkurov D.V. Clinical features of chronic B hepatitis in children depending on treatment response. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2020;4(11):682–686. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-11-682-686.

Markers of endothelial injury and subclinical inflammation in children and adolescents with primary hypertension.

IntroductionAdhesion molecules: E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) are well-established markers of endothelial injury. The aim of the study was to assess the relation between E-selectin and ICAM-1 and clinical and biochemical parameters in children and adolescents with primary hypertension (PH).Material and methodsIn 77 patients with PH (15.04 ±2.62 years, 50 boys, 27 girls) we evaluated serum E-selectin, ICAM-1, and selected clinical and biochemical parameters including inflammatory indicators and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM).ResultsThe E-selectin concentration was 55.63 ±26.49 ng/ml and the ICAM-1 concentration was 302.17 ±67.14 ng/ml. E-selectin and ICAM-1 correlated (p < 0.05) with BMI Z-score (r = 0.24, r = 0.29), ICAM-1 also with uric acid (r = 0.35), HDL-cholesterol (r = –0.28), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (r = 0.26), and systolic and mean blood pressure variability (r = 0.24, r = 0.24); in boys ICAM-1 correlated with mean platelet volume (r = 0.29). In multivariate analysis the only significant predictor of E-selectin was mean arterial pressure during 24 hours (β = 0.329, 95% CI: 0.012-0.646) and of ICAM-1 – uric acid (β = 0.430, 95% CI: 0.040-0.819). In 27 children with newly diagnosed PH E-selectin correlated negatively with diastolic blood pressure dipping (r = –0.54, p = 0.004) and positively with ambulatory arterial stiffness index (r = 0.51, p = 0.012).ConclusionsElevated mean arterial pressure and hyperuricemia are risk factors of endothelial damage in paediatric patients with primary hypertension. In children with untreated primary hypertension there may be a relation between endothelial damage and disturbed circadian blood pressure profile.