Changes In Biochemical Parameters Research Articles

Selenium alleviates biological toxicity of thiamethoxam (TMX): Bioaccumulation of TMX, organ damage, and antioxidant response of red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii)

Pesticides are important for agricultural development; however, animals involved in rice-fish farming absorb the pesticides used during the farming process. Thiamethoxam (TMX) is extensively used in agriculture and is gradually occupying the market for traditional pesticides. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether selenomethionine (SeMet) could affect the survival rate, bioaccumulation of TMX, serum biochemical parameters, lipid peroxidation, antioxidants in the hepatopancreas, and expression of stress genes after exposure of red swamp crayfish to 10 ppt TMX for 7 days. The results showed that the survival rate significantly increased and the bioaccumulation of TMX significantly decreased with SeMet administration (P < 0.05). Furthermore, severe histological damage to the hepatopancreas of red crayfish was observed after exposure to TMX; however, this damage was alleviated after SeMet administration. SeMet also significantly reduced the TMX-induced changes in serum biochemical parameters, malondialdehyde content, and antioxidant enzyme activity in crayfish hepatopancreas (P < 0.05). Notably, analysis of the expression of 10 stress response genes showed that 0.5 mg/kg SeMet might decrease cell damage in the hepatopancreas. Consequently, our findings suggest that higher levels of TMX in crayfish may cause hepatopancreatic cell toxicity, which can be harmful to human health; however, SeMet could mitigate these effects, providing an understanding of pesticide compounds and food safety.

Enantioselectivity in the Ecotoxicity of Amphetamine Using Daphnia magna as the Aquatic Model Organism: Morphophysiological, Behavioral, Reproductive and Biochemical Parameters.

Amphetamine (AMP) is a chiral psychoactive substance that exhibits enantioselectivity in its pharmacological properties. It has been detected in wastewaters and surface waters and can occur as enantiomeric mixtures, but little is known about its environmental risk and potential enantioselective toxicity to aquatic organisms. Our study aimed to target enantioselectivity in AMP toxicity to the freshwater invertebrate Daphnia magna. Daphnids were subchronically exposed to the racemate (rac-AMP: 0.1, 1.0, and 10 µg/L) and pure enantiomers, (R)-AMP and (S)-AMP (0.1, and 1.0 µg/L, respectively), for 8 days. Morphophysiological, swimming behavior, reproductive and biochemical variables were evaluated during critical life stages (juveniles vs. adults). Some responses were context-dependent and often enantioselective, varying between racemate and enantiomers and across the life stage of the organisms. Overall, rac-AMP stimulated D. magna growth, decreased heart rate and area, affected behavior, and stimulated reproduction. The effect of enantiomers was totally or partially concordant with rac-AMP, except for swimming behavior and reproduction. Enantioselectivity was observed for body size, number of eggs/daphnia, and heart rate (steeper decrease caused by (R)-AMP on day 3). Changes in biochemical parameters were also observed: AMP caused a significant decrease in catalase activity as racemate or pure enantiomers, whereas a decrease in acetylcholinesterase activity was found only for rac-AMP. Evidence for oxidative stress was contradictory, although both enantiomers caused a significant decrease in reactive oxygen species (unlike rac-AMP). Overall, these results show that AMP can interfere in an enantioselective way with aquatic organisms at low concentrations (e.g., 0.1 µg/L), demonstrating the relevance of this kind of study to an accurate environmental risk assessment regarding medium- to long-term exposure to this psychoactive drug. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;00:1-13. © 2023 SETAC.

Biochemical indicators of the lipid metabolism in workers involved in the processing of raw materials and production of rare metal products

Introduction. In recent years, the use of rare earth elements has been expanding in various innovative research and high-tech industries, which leads to an increase in the volume of their extraction and processing and makes it possible to develop a negative impact on the health of workers under conditions of long-term industrial exposure to rare earth elements with the air of the working area.&#x0D; The purpose of the work is to study and evaluate the deviations of the biochemical parameters of the lipid spectrum in workers, due to the chemical factors of the technological process of processing raw materials and production of rare metal products.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The study and evaluation of the content of rare earth elements in the blood of workers, the study of biochemical parameters, statistical analysis, modelling of cause-and-effect relationships were carried out.&#x0D; Results. Workers exposed to rare-earth elements with the air of the working area (100% of workplaces) showed increased concentrations of holmium, dysprosium, yttrium, neodymium, niobium and terbium in the blood from 1.5 to 2.5 times compared to similar indicators in workers who were not associated with technological process. Elevated levels of total cholesterol, VLDL and triglycerides in blood serum, a decrease in the total antioxidant activity of blood plasma in workers relative to the physiological norm and similar indicators in the comparison group were established. A significant relationship of the identified deviations with an increased blood concentration of niobium, dysprosium and holmium has been proven.&#x0D; Limitations. The study took into account the aerogenic inhalation effect of rare earth elements on the health of workers involved in the processing of raw materials and production of rare metal products. &#x0D; Conclusion. Long-term inhalation exposure to rare earth elements contained in the air of the working area caused changes in biochemical parameters, reflecting the depletion of antioxidant defense resources, inducing disorders of lipid metabolism. The identified negative effects in workers can lead to pro-atherogenic vascular inflammation under conditions of continuing industrial exposure. The obtained results should be taken into account for the development of recommendations aimed at minimizing the negative consequences of the impact of the studied chemical factors of the labour process on the health of workers.

Risk factors for health in medical workers of modern dental practice (literature review)

The analysis of the data of foreign and domestic literature devoted to the main risk factors for health is carried out and presented, the diseases of medical workers of modern dental practice that are more common at present are studied and described. A distinctive feature of the work of practicing dentists is the influence on their body of a complex of unfavourable factors of the production environment of occupational and non-occupational genesis (biological, chemical, physical and factors of the labour process). It is also common for them to be affected by the intensity of the labour process, which is expressed by significant psycho-emotional stress. Dentists are often at high risk of infection and transmission of dangerous pathogens: viruses (herpes, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C, including new coronavirus infection (COVID-19)), bacteria (staphylococcus, tuberculosis), fungi. They have a high prevalence of injuries to the visual organ and upper extremities, allergic reactions. Among dental personnel in countries using amalgam during work, changes in neuropsychiatric reactions, memory loss, and fatigue are described; changes in biochemical parameters of blood, urine analysis are revealed. Physiological and ergonomic loads of dental service specialists and uncomfortable postures associated with work lead to the development of diseases of the musculoskeletal system and the appearance of pain, and affect their quality of life. Despite the harmlessness of the noise level in modern dentistry, the sounds produced by devices at work affect the mental health of dentists. Dental professionals with long work experience are predisposed to the highest risk of hearing loss. Today, dentists continue to show carpal tunnel syndrome and rarely vibration disease from exposure to local vibration. Medical workers of modern dental practice are shown to be affected by a complex of unfavourable factors of the low-intensity production environment and develop diseases associated with their occupational activities.

Four-week repeated exposure to tire-derived 6-PPD quinone causes multiple organ injury in male BALB/c mice

N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone (6-PPDQ) is the ozonation product of tire antioxidant 6-PPD. 6-PPDQ can be detected in different environments, such as roadway runoff and dust. Although 6-PPDQ toxicity has been frequently assessed in aquatic organisms, the possible toxic effects of 6-PPDQ on mammals remain largely unclear. We here aimed to perform systematic assessment to evaluate 6-PPDQ toxicity on multiple organs in mice. Male BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with 6-PPDQ for two exposure modes, single intraperitoneal injection and repeated intraperitoneal injection every four days for 28 days. Serum, liver, kidney, lung, spleen, testis, brain, and heart were collected for injury evaluation by organ index, histopathology analysis and biochemical parameters. In 0.4 and 4 mg/kg 6-PPDQ single injected mice, no significant changes in organ indexes and biochemical parameters were detected, and only moderate pathological changes were observed in organs of liver, kidney, lung, and brain. Very different from this, in 0.4 and 4 mg/kg 6-PPDQ repeated injected mice, we observed the obvious increase in organ indexes of liver, kidney, lung, testis, and brain, and the decrease in spleen index. Meanwhile, the significant pathological changes were formed in liver, kidney, lung, spleen, testis, and brain in 0.4 and 4 mg/kg 6-PPDQ repeated injected mice. Biochemical parameters of liver (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) and kidney (urea and creatinine) were all significantly upregulated by repeated injection with 0.4 and 4 mg/kg 6-PPDQ. After repeated exposure, most of 6-PPDQ was accumulated in liver and lung of mice. Therefore, our results suggested the risk of repeated exposure to 6-PPDQ in inducing toxicity on multiple organs in mice.

Influence of probiotics on growth dynamics and blood parameters of Zaanen goats

Relevance. In the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases in the rearing of young animals, the restoration of intestinal biocenosis with the use of probiotics — bacterial preparations from live microbial cultures is of great importance.The purpose of the research is to study the effect of probiotic feed additives Klyuver Pro and BeneFIT Basic on growth dynamics, feed costs and blood parameters of Saanen goats.Methods. The studies were carried out at LLC «Lukoz Saba» of the Sabinsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. The object of the study is the kids of the Saanen breed at the age of seven days. Scientific and economic experience was carried out according to the method of analogues. The chemical composition and nutritional value of feed, the dynamics of changes in live weight, the morphological and biochemical parameters of the blood of goats were studied. Statistical data processing was carried out using Microsoft Excel. A difference of p ≥ 0.05 was considered significant.Results. Probiotic feed additives Kluver Pro and BeneFIT Basic activate metabolic processes in the body of kids, increase the digestibility and assimilation of feed, which has a positive effect on the growth and development of animals, and reduce feed costs. The live weight of goats treated with probiotics increased (compared with the control) by 7.7% (p ≥ 0.05) and 3.6%. Feed costs decreased per 1 kg of live weight gain decreased by 13.6% and 10.1%.In the blood of animals treated with probiotics, there was an increase in hematocrit, hemoglobin and erythrocytes. In animals of the second group, these indicators increased by 17.4%, 31.7 g/l (39.3%) (p ≥ 0.001) and 4.45 ˟ 1012/l (77.1%) (p ≥ 0.001), in animals the third group — respectively, by 7.5%, 7.7 g / l (9.5%) (p ≥ 0.001) and 1.63 ˟ 1012/l (28.2%), as well as a significant decrease in ESR — by 0, 37 mm/g and 0.18 mm/g (p ≥ 0.001), calcium content by 20% and 24.2% (p ≥ 0.05).

Effects of Autoimmune Protocol (AIP) diet on changes in thyroid parameters in Hashimoto's disease.

In the scientific world, the nutritional needs of persons with Hashimoto's autoimmune thyroid disease are discussed, and there is a lot of interest in the autoimmune protocol (AIP). The aim of the study was to check the effects of AIP on thyroid parameters in euthyroid patients with Hashimoto's disease. Among 28 people with Hashimoto's (including 1 male) the consumption of nutrients, anthropometrics, symptoms of the disease, values of thyroid parameters: FT3, FT4, TSH, thyroid ultrasound and autoimmune aTPO, aTG were analyzed before and after 12 weeks of using the AIP diet. The impact of changes in the consumption of selected nutrients on changes in thyroid biochemical parameters were analyzed using multiple regression models, where the dependent variables of the created models were changes in thyroid biochemical parameters. After applying the AIP diet, the number of people reporting symptoms of malaise decreased, the levels of FT3 and FT4 as well as TSH decreased, remaining within the reference concentration range. aTG decreased slightly, but aTPO increased significantly. Ultrasound examination also showed a decrease in the volume of the thyroid gland. The body weight of the subjects decreased, which indicates a caloric deficit. Given the numerous advantages of the AIP diet, extending the observation time of the diet, along with its personalization in terms of food selection, energy and nutritional value, could show changes in both well-being and biochemical test results to a greater extent. The use of a personalized AIP protocol can improve the quality of life, a positive change in mental state, reduction of stress, and above all, the improvement of adverse ailments associated with Hashimoto's disease.

Acute and Sub-Acute Toxicity Studies of Starch Hyaluronate in Wistar Rats

Starch hyaluronate is used as a new superdisintegrating agent in the development of fastdissolving tablets of poorly soluble drugs because of its improved biocompatibility, and hydrophilicity. The purpose of this study is to assess the acute and subacute toxicity profiles of starch hyaluronate in Wistar rats. The starch hyaluronate was administered to Wistar rats in a single-dose acute study and monitored for seven days. Wistar male and female rats were used in a 28-day sub-acute study that examined the effects of oral doses of 100, 200, and 600 mg/kg body weight/day on body weight, food intake, mortality, biochemical analysis, and histopathologicalevaluation. An acute study revealed that the synthesized starch hyaluronate minimal oral fatal dose for rats was larger than 2000 mg/kg body weight. The subacute toxicity evaluation found no significant changes when compared to the control group, and there was no change in hematological or biochemical parameters. The weights of the liver, kidneys, and pancreas remained constant. Based on the findings, it was concluded that starch hyaluronate at 600mg/kg body weight/day was neither immunogenic nor sensitizing, and was not a reproductive or developmental toxicant, implying that it is relatively safe when taken orally.&nbsp

A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF POST RENAL TRANSPLANT MINERAL BONE DISORDER: A SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE

To evaluate sequential changes in biochemical bone parameters, parathyroid hormone (iPTH), and vitamin D levels over a period of 24 weeks after renal transplantation, we studied 52 patients (41 males, with a mean age of 31.98.) who underwent their first renal transplantation without a past history of parathyroid surgery or fractures. Serum calcium, phosphorus, albumin, Serum iPTH and vitamin D levels were measured before transplant, then at 2, 4, 12 and 24 weeks post transplantation. Serum calcium showed a significant increase from 2 to 12 weeks after transplantation, followed by a slight decline until 24 weeks. At the end of 12 and 24 weeks, 6 (11.53%) and 2 (3.8%) patients had hypercalcemia respectively. At the end of 12 weeks only 15.38% (8) patients had hypocalcemia and no patient had hypocalcemia at the end of 24 weeks. Serum phosphorus showed significant decline in the first 4 weeks post transplantation. At the end of 24 weeks 21.2% still had hypophosphatemia. iPTH levels declined rapidly in the first 4 weeks of post transplant period and there after decline slowly till the end of 24 weeks. Baseline iPTH and vitamin D3 levels did not correlate with persistent HPT. Hypovitaminosis D was seen in 16 (30.7%), 8 (15.3 %) and 11 (21.1%) patients at pretransplant, 12, and 24 weeks post transplant respectively. Unlike most studies in literature our patient population experienced lower prevalence of post transplant hypercalcemia, Hypovitaminosis D, and hyperparathyroidism which may have resulted from younger study population and shorter dialysis vintage.

Therapeutic Protection of Arsenic-Induced Oxidative Stress and Hepato-Nephro Toxicity by &lt;i&gt;Syzygium cumini&lt;/i&gt; (Seed) Ethanolic Extract (SCEE) in Charles Foster Rats

Arsenic (As) is an environmental toxin distributed in groundwater which is presently a global concern. The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of SCEE in the mitigation of arsenic-induced hepato-renal dysfunction and oxidative stress in rats. Thirty male Charles foster rats (140-160 g) were randomly assigned into three groups. Group I (n = 6) - Control, Group II (n = 6) - SCEE control was administrated with 600 mg kg-1 body weight daily for 60 days and the last Group III (n = 24) was As-treated at 8 mg kg-1 body weight daily for 90 days. Subsequently, Group III was further divided into three subgroups. The subgroup I (n = 6) was immediately sacrificed to observe the arsenic-induced toxicity. Subgroup II (n = 6) was kept on a normal diet for 60 days for auto recovery. Subgroup III (n = 6) was administrated orally by SCEE at 600 mg kg-1 body weight daily for 60 days to decipher the therapeutic potential against arsenic-induced toxicity. The experimental exposure reveals various changes in biochemical parameters of the liver function test and kidney function test in addition to histopathological studies. Chronic exposure to arsenic significantly (p &lt; 0.0001) increased the levels of lipid peroxidation along with significantly reducing the activity of glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase. Significant (p &lt; 0.0001) arsenic accumulation was observed in the hepatic-nephron tissues. The dose-dependent SCEE administration against Astoxicity had progressive survival benefits on antioxidant levels, enzymatic activities and histopathological changes. Thus, the study concludes that S.cumini seed has a protective effect against As-induced oxidative stress and hepato-renal intoxication.

Evaluation of anti-atherosclerotic potential of Tinospora cordifolia in high-fat diet-induced atherosclerosis with associated changes in histological and biochemical parameters on Wistar rats

BackgroundAtherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease. Atherosclerosis starts with fatty streak which is an accumulation of lipid-laden foam cells in the intimal layer of the artery. Atherosclerosis is a major cause of vascular disease globally. Hydro-alcoholic extract of Tinospora cordifolia stem possesses hypolipidemic and thrombolytic activity that might be effective in Atherosclerosis. Hence the present study is to determine the anti-atherosclerotic effect of ethyl acetate fraction of stem of Tinospora cordifolia (EATC) in the high-fat diet-induced atherosclerotic model on Wistar rats. Atherosclerosis was induced in male Wistar rats by high-fat diet (cholesterol, cholic acid, Propylthiouracil and salad oil) for 60 days. After completion of induction oral administration of EATC (100, 200 mg/kg) and Atorvastatin (10 mg/ kg) were given to animals for next 20 days. The success of the model was determined by histological and biochemical parameters at 80 days.ResultsEATC was able to significant decreased the raised serum level of total cholesterol, triglyceride, Low Density Lipoprotein, V Low Density Lipoprotein and significant increased the serum High Density Lipoprotein level as compared to the diseased control group. EATC exhibited less damage to the endothelial lining of the aorta and showed significant protective effect by lowering the deposition of cholesterol thereby increasing the lumen size compared to the diseased control group.ConclusionThe present study reveals that Tinospora cordifolia could be a potential source of drug in treatment of Atherosclerosis.

Clinical, Socio-Demographic and Biochemical Variables in Patients With Covid-19: A Cross Sectional Study

INTRODUCTION&#x0D; Covid-19 is a debilitating disorder which affects the lungs with multiple organs involvement. The biochemical variables play important role in the management of the Covid-19 patients who are with different clinical profile, socio-demographic, and co-morbid conditions like diabetes and hypertension.&#x0D; MATERIAL AND METHODS&#x0D; This cross sectional study was conducted in the Covid-19 hospitalized cases at UCMS, Bhairahawa. Total of 150 patients were enrolled in the study period from May 2021 and October 2021 whose clinical profile, sociodemographic and biochemical variables were assessed.&#x0D; RESULTS&#x0D; The gender wise distribution shows the male dominancy with M:F ratio 1:0.85. The maximum age group vulnerable to Covid-19 in our study was found to be 41-60 years with median age of 47 years. There were constellations of symptom with shortness of breath 70% becoming first followed by cough 67.3% and fever 54%. The frequency of diabetes and hypertension was 19.3% and 24% showing co-morbidity associated changes in biochemical parameters. The male to female differences in biochemical changes have been associated with Covid-19 patients, however age wise distribution do not show any difference in biochemical parameters.&#x0D; CONCLUSION&#x0D; COVID 19 patients have a high prevalence of diabetes and hypertension, which is a common morbidity. A few biochemical indices (D-dimer, LDH, CRP, and ALT) change significantly between males and females. All biochemical parameters, on the other hand, are unaffected by age.&#x0D;

Physicochemical and Microbiological Changes Associated with Processing in Dry-Cured Tuna

Dry-cured tuna is a traditional product manufactured in the Mediterranean region of Spain, known as mojama. The traditional salting-drying elaboration process attributes new organoleptic characteristics to the final product, changing its flavor, color, and nutritional value. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in physicochemical, biochemical, and microbiological parameters taking place during the process. The physicochemical parameters were affected by the processing steps (salting, salt-washing, and drying), except for total acidity and pH. The water activity value and relative moisture percentage decreased to 0.86 and 33.03%, respectively. Moreover, the addition of salt and the drying step increased the water-holding capacity. The lipid oxidation values increased from raw tuna loins to the final product (1.37 vs. 5.56 mg malondialdehyde/kg). Moreover, the total volatile basic nitrogen values increased in the final product, fundamentally due to the concentration effect caused by the water loss, although may also be due to the degradation of proteins during processing. The microbiological analysis showed that the values obtained in the dry-cured tuna were below the limits established by the reference regulation for dry-cured fish products.

Prevention of subclinical ketosis in cows during drying off and after calving

Research of the frequency of increased ketone bodies in cows during the transition period three weeks before calving and three weeks after calving should determine the tendency of the Holstein breed to ketosis. It is also important to investigate the relationship between changes in blood biochemical parameters and the development and treatment of ketosis. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of using a probiotic strain of bacteria in subclinical ketosis in cows during drying off and after calving. The following methods were used: testing for determining the level of beta-ketones in the blood of cows; biochemical method of blood testing; clinical method; statistical method. A study of cows in the drying off group showed that the level of β-ketones ranged from 0.2 to 1.0 mmol/L. Application efficiency of Bacillus Pumilus L. A 56 in a concentration of 1×109 , CFU/g at a dose of 30 g per animal was determined to be 100%. In the study of metabolic changes in the body of cows after calving patients with ketosis, the content of total protein, albumins globulins of the enzyme aspartate aminotransferase, and urea at the beginning of the study was increased and went beyond the maximum permissible limits of the reference level. After seven days of using the probiotic, the content of ketone bodies and biochemical parameters decreased to normal. It was proved that at the end of the study, the activity of alanine aminotransferase increased, the level of potassium, vitamins A and E increased. Thus, it was determined that the enzyme alanine aminotransferase is one of the metabolites, an increase in the level of which indicates the accumulation of lipids in the liver. In addition, the content of Ca, P, and vitamin D decreased during treatment, which indicates the risk of hypocationemia. In the group of cows after calving, the incidence of ketosis was 27%. The therapeutic efficacy of a probiotic of 35 g per animal in the postcalving distribution group was 73%. The practical value of the study lies in the prevention of subclinical ketosis in cows in deep drying off and after calving, reducing the cost of treating concomitant diseases, and culling animals

Safety Evaluation of a Novel Potentially Probiotic Limosilactobacillus fermentum in Rats.

Limosilactobacillus (L) fermentum (strains 139, 263, 296) is a novel probiotic mixture isolated from fruit processing by-products. The use of this formulation has been associated with improvements in cardiometabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress parameters. The present study evaluated the safety of a potential multi-strain probiotic by genotoxicity (micronucleus assay) and subchronic toxicity study (13-week repeated dose). In the genotoxicity evaluation, L. fermentum 139, 263, 296 did not increase the frequency of micronuclei in erythrocytes of rats of both sexes at doses up to 1010CFU/mL. In the subchronic toxicity study, the administration of L. fermentum did not promote adverse health effects, such as behavioral changes, appearance of tumors, changes in hematological and biochemical parameters. In addition, higher doses of L. fermentum 139, 263, 296 have been shown to reduce the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Administration of potentially probiotic L. fermentum did not promote adverse health effects in rats and could be evaluated as a potential probiotic for humans.

Anti-inflammatory effect of combining fish oil and evening primrose oil supplementation on breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: a randomized placebo-controlled trial

Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor and one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in women throughout the world. This study is a parallel, randomized, double-blind, controlled, 12-week supplementation trial, investigating the anti-inflammatory effects of dietary intake of fish oil and evening primrose oil (EPO), in patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. The primary outcomes were changes in the nutritional status and inflammatory cytokines of patients during the study. The secondary outcomes were changes in hematological and biochemical parameters and fatty acid profile. Of the 32 eligible patients, half of them is randomly assigned to a treatment arm with fish oil and EPO (n = 16), or a control arm (n = 16) with mineral oil as a placebo. The intervention group was taking 2 gel capsules of fish oil and 3 gel capsules of EPO (400 mg eicosapentaenoic acid, 600 mg docosahexaenoic acid, and 351 mg gamma-linolenic acid) fish oil and evening primrose oil for 12 weeks, during their chemotherapy. The control/placebo group was taking 5 gel capsules of 1g of mineral oil. One of the patients dropped out due to discontinuation of the treatment (in the placebo group) and two did not show up at the post-treatment measurements (in the intervention group), thus, 29 women completed the study. The results showed an increase in plasma levels of docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3), docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3), total n-3PUFA, vaccenic acid (18:1n-7), and a decrease in n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio in the intervention group. An increase in the plasma level of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (20:3n-6) was observed in the placebo group. There was no difference in plasma levels of interleukin (IL) IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, while the level of IL-6 decreased in both groups and was significantly lower in the intervention group at the end of the study. In conclusion, this supplementation improved the PUFA status and decreased the level of IL-6 in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Consequently, this treatment may help reduce cancer complications resulting from impaired lipid metabolism and inflammation. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03516253. Date of registration 04/05/2018.

A Modern Approach to the Study and Analysis of Biochemical Parameters in Diabetic Foot Syndrome

Diabetic foot syndrome, which is one of the complications of diabetes mellitus, is characterized by a change in biochemical parameters from negative to positive, and thanks to a new method in Uzbekistan for the treatment of diabetic foot syndrome, patients recover their working capacity and resume their quality of life. Study of the effect of the new drug "Rheomannisol" on vital organs, taking into account of diagnostics and prevention of pathophysiological aspects in the complex treatment of experimental diabetic foot syndrome.

Cell membrane camouflaged mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles embedding glucose oxidase for enhancing targeted anti-tumor catalytic therapy

Breast cancer has emerged as the most diagnosed common cancer, accounting for approximately 11.7% of all cases globally, and is a considerable threat to human health. The construction of a nano-drug delivery system highly relevant to the clinically real world is a timeless and urgent matter. Here, we present an intelligent bioinspired nano-platform based on mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBG NPs) combined with cell membrane camouflage and enzyme-catalyzed killing to suppress in situ breast cancer. M0 phenotype macrophages were identified as possessing a specific high infiltration fraction in breast cancer patients using TCGA analysis and were consequently selected as cell membrane-derived donors. Subsequently, the macrophage-coated MBG NPs exhibited superior evasion of clearance by myeloid lineage cells (monocytes, neutrophils, and dendritic cells) and favorable targeting properties to breast cancer tumors compared to cell membrane-free and breast cancer cell membrane-coated nanoparticles. The macrophage membrane-camouflaged MBG NPs were then applied to load the glucose oxidase (GOx), followed by catalyzing glucose to trigger intense oxidative stress and death of breast cancer cells, thereby inhibiting tumor progression. Additionally, the macrophage membrane camouflaged MBG embedding glucose oxidase delivery system effectively overcomes the dramatic changes in hematological and biochemical parameters with non-specific glucose catalysis, conceivably minimizing the risk of toxicity. Taken together, our findings pave the way for constructing an intelligent biomimetic MBG nano-loading enzyme platform suitable for targeted breast cancer therapy.

Abstract 6310: Phylogenetic conservation of primate Trop-2 underscores favorable pharmacokinetics and lack of toxicity of the cancer-selective Hu2G10 anti-Trop-2

Abstract Trop-2 is a transmembrane signal transducer that activates growth-signaling networks that converge on Akt, ERK, Cyclin D1, NFkB (1). We discovered that Trop-2 cleavage by ADAM10 is an activator switch of cancer growth and metastatic diffusion (2) and exposes novel target epitopes that are inaccessible in the unprocessed wtTrop-2. The Hu2G10 mAb selectively binds these epitopes with an affinity that is ≈10,000-fold higher than for the unprocessed molecule. To validate a reliable model for Hu2G10 binding in vivo, we explored Trop-2 phylogenetic conservation in primates. Pan troglodites (chimpanzee), Papio anubis (baboon), Macaca mulatta/fascicularis (Rhesus/Cynomolgous), Callithrix jaccus (marmoset) TROP2/TACSTD2 sequences were compared. The only difference between Pan troglodytes and human Trop-2 is one additional leucine in the Pan leader peptide, making the mature Trop-2 identical to that in man. The Macaca mulatta/fascicularis Trop-2 sequences are 97% identical, 100% similar to the human sequence. Three-dimensional modeling revealed polymorphic residues usage versus activation-driven structural rearrangement of Trop-2. COS-7 and HEK-293 cells transfected with individual primate Trop-2 showed efficient recognition by Hu2G10 in all tested species. Immunohistochemistry analysis of normal Macaca tissues showed Trop-2 expression patterns essentially corresponding to the human ones. IV injected Hu2G10 at doses of 5 to 10 mg/kg was well tolerated by Cynomolgous monkeys. No neurological, respiratory, digestive and urinary adverse effects were observed, and no body-weight loss occurred during the 28-day observation. No alterations of blood monocyte, neutrophil and basophil counts nor significant changes in biochemical parameters were detected. A pharmacokinetic (PK), study was carried out. Serum concentration of Hu2G10 was determined using anti-idiotypic antibody-based ELISA assays. At the higher dosing of 10 mg/kg Hu2G10 serum values reached a peak 2-hour after the injection (13281±4686 ng/ml). The concentration of Hu2G10 then diminished gradually, and reached baseline levels on day 21. The serum concentration peak of 5 mg/kg Hu2G10 was 5759±1729 ng/ml, and reached baseline levels on day 14. Thus, Hu2G10 is stable in plasma, and is detectable in the circulation up to three weeks after the infusion (t1/2=6.5 days). Taken together, these findings validate primate models as reliable for assessing Hu2G10 in vivo toxicity and PK. The lack of toxicity and favorable PK parameters candidate the cancer specific Hu2G10 as first-in-class anti-Trop-2 mAb. (1) Guerra E. et al., Oncogene 41:1795-1808 (2022).(2) Trerotola M. et al., Neoplasia 23: 415-428 (2021). Citation Format: Saverio Alberti, Martina Ceci, Ludovica Pantalone, Marco Trerotola, Emanuela Guerra. Phylogenetic conservation of primate Trop-2 underscores favorable pharmacokinetics and lack of toxicity of the cancer-selective Hu2G10 anti-Trop-2. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 6310.

Biological effects of exposure to copper nanoparticles: markers of exposure

Introduction. Aerosol nanoparticles at operating metallurgical plants are potent of the significant risk factor that needs to be studied.&#x0D; The purpose of the work was to study biological effects of exposure to copper nanoparticles compared to microparticles and identify potential markers of the exposure.&#x0D; Materials and methods. Two experimental groups of rats, twelve animals each, were subchronically exposed to copper-containing nanoparticles and microparticles injected intraperitoneally. Changes in their biochemical parameters, tissues, and organs were then compared to those in the control rats administered with deionized water. During periodic medical examinations of workers occupationally exposed to copper-containing aerosols with different particle size distribution, additional laboratory and instrumental methods of testing were used to identify possible exposure effects to health manifested by changes in biochemical parameters.&#x0D; Results. The experimental study showed that in liver, the exposure to copper nanoparticles, compared to microparticles, induced a more significant inhibition of replication of hepatocytes in regeneration, as demonstrated by the number of binuclear cells, and an increase in the number of Kupffer cells (tissue macrophages), while in kidney, it caused a more pronounced convoluted tubule brush border loss. The exposure to both micro- and nano-sized copper particles was found to induce pathological changes in neurons of the ganglionic layer of the cortex and basal nuclei. Test results showed a significant increase in the blood concentration of ceruloplasmin in the core personnel of the metallurgical plant following the exposure to copper aerosols rich in nanoparticles.&#x0D; Limitations. The assessment of the results of the impact of copper nanoparticles in the composition of the aerosol on the health of 224 employees of the enterprise and the results of the experiment obtained on 36 animals corresponded to the current social and ethical standards and norms.&#x0D; Conclusion. Specifics of the exposure to nanoparticles require a revision of approaches to regulating aerosols with account for particle size distribution.