Biochemical Markers Of Inflammation Research Articles

Can inflammatory markers such as lymphocyte to C-reactive protein ratio and hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet score predict complications after loop ileostomy closure?

Aim: This study aims to investigate whether inflammatory biochemical markers such as hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, platelet scores (HALP), and lymphocyte-C-reactive protein ratio (LCR) can predict complications after ileostomy closure. Methods: Eighty-five patients who underwent loop ileostomy closure were included in this retrospective study. Alongside the patient’s demographic data, surgical data, histopathology results, and biochemistry data were recorded. Complications that occurred within the first 30 days after surgery were evaluated using the Clavien-Dindo classification. Inflammation markers such as HALP and LCR were obtained using biochemical parameters. Results: The rate of mild complications (Clavien-Dindo I and II) was 27%, while the rate of severe complications (Clavien-Dindo III and IV) was 12.94%. A statistically significant correlation was found between the development of early complications and levels of albumin, lymphocyte, neutrophil, and C-reactive protein (CRP) (p

The effect of ketogenic diet versus mediterranean diet on clinical and biochemical markers of inflammation in patients with obesity and psoriatic arthritis

The effect of ketogenic diet versus mediterranean diet on clinical and biochemical markers of inflammation in patients with obesity and psoriatic arthritis

Plasma cfDNA abundance as a prognostic biomarker for higher risk of death in geriatric cardiovascular patients

The management of geriatric cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients with multimorbidity remains challenging and could potentially be improved by integrating clinical data with innovative prognostic biomarkers. In this context, the analysis of circulating analytes, including cell-free DNA (cfDNA), appears particularly promising. Here, we investigated circulating cfDNA (measured through the quantification of 247 bp and 115 bp Alu genomic fragments) in a cohort of 244 geriatric CVD patients with multimorbidity hospitalised for acute CVD or non-CVD events. Survival analysis showed a direct association between Alu 247 cfDNA abundance and risk of death, particularly evident in the first six months after admission for acute CVD events. Higher plasma cfDNA concentration was associated with mortality in the same period of time. The cfDNA integrity (Alu 247/115), although not associated with outcome, appeared to be useful in discriminating patients in whom Alu 247 cfDNA abundance is most effective as a prognostic biomarker. The cfDNA parameters were associated with several biochemical markers of inflammation and myocardial damage. In conclusion, an increase in plasma cfDNA abundance at hospital admission is indicative of a higher risk of death in geriatric CVD patients, especially after acute CVD events, and its analysis may be potentially useful for risk stratification.

Short-term variation of the fetal heart rate as a marker of intraamniotic infection in pregnancies with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes: a historical cohort study

Introduction Intraamniotic infection (IAI) and subsequent early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) are among the main complications associated with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM). Currently used diagnostic tools have been shown to have poor diagnostic performance for IAI. This study aimed to investigate whether the exposure to IAI before delivery is associated with short-term variation of the fetal heart rate in pregnancies with PPROM. Methods Observational cohort study of 678 pregnancies with PPROM, delivering between 24 + 0 and 33 + 6 gestational weeks from 2012 to 2019 in five labor units in Stockholm County, Sweden. Electronic medical records were examined to obtain background and exposure data. For the exposure IAI, we used the later diagnosis of EONS in the offspring as a proxy. EONS is strongly associated to IAI and was considered a better proxy for IAI than the histological diagnosis of acute chorioamnionitis, since acute chorioamnionitis can be observed in the absence of both positive microbiology and biochemical markers for inflammation. Cardiotocography traces were analyzed by a computerized algorithm for short-term variation of the fetal heart rate, which was the main outcome measure. Results Twenty-seven pregnancies were categorized as having an IAI, based on the proxy diagnosis of EONS after birth. Fetuses exposed to IAI had significantly lower short-term variation values in the last cardiotocography trace before birth than fetuses who were not exposed (5.25 vs 6.62 ms; unadjusted difference: −1.37, p = 0.009). After adjustment for smoking and diabetes, this difference remained significant. IAI with a later positive blood culture in the neonate (n = 12) showed an even larger absolute difference in STV (−1.65; p = 0.034), with a relative decrease of 23.5%. Conclusion In pregnancies with PPROM, fetuses exposed to IAI with EONS as a proxy have lower short-term variation of the fetal heart rate than fetuses who are not exposed. Short-term variation might be useful as adjunct surveillance in pregnancies with PPROM.

Studying the effect of different combinations of neuroprotectors on biochemical markers of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and apoptosis in patients with ischemic stroke

Background. Preservation and restoration of neurons in the ischemic penumbra by developing new methods for neuroprotection is one of the urgent issues of modern medicine. The purpose was to study the effect of different combinations of neuroprotectors with different mechanisms of action by analyzing markers of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and apoptosis in the blood serum of patients with ischemic stroke. Materials and methods. A randomized prospective controlled study was conducted on the use of neuroprotective complexes (NPC): NPC 1 (cerebrolysin + mexidol) and NPC 2 (cerebrolysin + citicoline), in patients with moderate and severe ische-mic stroke. They were randomly divided into groups: 1) comparison group — standard therapy; 2) NPC 1 along with standard treatment; 3) NPC 2 against the background of standard treatment. Laboratory studies on assessing interleukin-6, endothelin-1 and caspase-8 in blood serum were performed in dynamics, on days 1, 4 and 7. Results. In terms of anti-inflammatory activity, the therapy scheme, which included the administration of NPС 2, was 1.6–2.1 times (p < 0.01) ahead of standard treatment, as well as 1.2–1.4 times (p < 0.05) — of standard treatment combined with NPC 1. The regimen, which included NPC 2, in terms of endothelium protection and antiapoptotic effect exceeded standard treatment alone by 1.8–3.5 and 1.5–2.3 times (p < 0.01), respectively, as well as by 1.2–1.5 and 1.2–1.3 times (p < 0.05) — standard treatment combined with the use of NPС 1. Conclusions. The use of NPС 2 (cerebrolysin + citicoline) for the treatment of moderate and severe ischemic strokes in combination with standard therapy showed the most pronounced and reliable neuroprotective effect (p < 0.05).

Marcadores inflamatorios como predictores de mortalidad y ventilación mecánica invasiva en pacientes adultos críticos con COVID-19

ObjectivesPrimary outcome: To evaluate the capacity of different indices derived from the complete blood count (neutrophil-lymphocyte index, NLI and platelet-lymphocyte index, PLI), and biochemical markers of inflammation as predictors of mortality in adult critically ill patients with COVID-19. Secondary outcome: To evaluate those indices as predictors of the need for invasive mechanical ventilation (iMV). DesignObservational, retrospective, single center cohort study. SettingAdult ICU. PatientsCritically ill patients with COVID-19. InterventionNone. VariablesAcute Physiology and Chronic Health EvaluationII (APACHEII) score, comorbidities, need for iMV, days on iMV, prone position, status at ICU discharge (alive or deceased), leukocytes and their subpopulations: neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes, platelets, and the following inflammatory markers: ferritin, d-dimers, CRP, INL and IPL. ResultsN=271. N=155 (57.2%) were men, age 57.3±14.2years. Overall mortality was 51.3%, while mortality in those who required IMV was 76% (P<.001). The NLR in patients who survived the ICU was 11.9±7.9, vs. 15.3±14.7 in those who died (P=.02). The cut-off value of the NLR to predict the status at ICU discharge was 13.69 (AUC=0.558; 95%CI: 0.489-0.626; P=.02), while the DD capacity to predict iMV was 1,009 (AUC=0.588; 95%CI: 0.516-0.661; P=.01). In the multivariate analysis, none of the indices derived from the blood count or the inflammatory biomarkers were independently associated with ICU mortality. ConclusionInflammatory indices such as INL and IPL showed poor predictive value for ICU mortality and iMV in critically ill adult patients with COVID-19.

CYTOKINES AND PROTEINS OF THE EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX IN THE BLOOD OF RATS OF DIFFERENT AGES AFTER FILLING THE DEFECT IN THE FEMORAL METAPHYSIS WITH ALLOGENEIC BONE IMPLANTS SATURATED WITH MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are used for the improvement of the repair of allografts.&#x0D; Aim. Based on the analysis of cytokines and proteins of the extracellular matrix in the blood serum of laboratory rats, to evaluate the course of metabolic processes after filling a defect in the femoral metaphysis with allogeneic bone implants saturated with MSCs.&#x0D; Material and Methods. On the model of a transcortical defect in the metaphysis of the femur, the content in the blood serum of 3 and 12 months white rats of interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor-b (TGF-b), osteocalcin (OC) and osteopontin (OP) on the 14th, 28th and 90 days was investigated.&#x0D; Results and Discussion. Use of MSCs in 3-month-old rats led to an increase in IL-1 concentration: 0.300(0.269; 0.329, 0.308(0.273; 0.339), 0.295(0.271; 0.319) pg/ml of IL-1 for the 14th, 28th and 90th days, respectively, which higher than the level of rats without MSCs by 1.69 (p=0.008), 1.37 (p=0.008) and 1.46 (p=0.008) times, respectively. For 12-month-old rats: IL-1 (0.414(0.387;0.437), 0.426(0.389; 0.448) and 0.407(0.368;0.423) pg/ml on the 14th, 28th and 90th days, respectively), which exceeded the data of rats without MSCs in 1.69 (p=0.008); 1.38 (p=0.008) and 1.46 times (p=0.008). In the blood serum of rats with MSCs TGF-b: 3-month: - 1.826(1.637;2.015), 1.379(1.247; 1.568) and 1.675(1.476;1.893) ng/ml on the 14th, 28th and 90th days, respectively, which was 1.57 (p=0.008), 1.98 (p=0.008) and 1.51 (p=0.008) times less than the data of the comparison group; 12-month-old - 1.976(1.749; 2.234), 1.492(1.218;1.734) and 1.813(1.636;2.028) ng/ml on the 14th, 28th and 90th days, respectively, which is less than the level of rats without MSCs of 1.50 ( p=0.008), 1.92 (p=0.008) and 1.51 (p=0.008) times. When introducing MSCs OP: 3-month-old rats - 13.55(12.90; 14.04), 14.14(13.43;14.87) and 14.12(13.75;14.77) ng/ml, which was higher than in rats without MSCs in 1.11 (p=0.008), 1.11 (p=0.008) and 1.17 (p=0.008) times; 12-month-old - 15.26(14.70; 15.81), 16.38(15.88; 16.91) and 16.06(15.53; 16.67) ng/ml, which is more than the comparison group 1.11 (p=0.008), 1.16 (p=0.008) and 1.22 (p=0.008) times;&#x0D; Conclusions. Saturation of allografts with MSCs led to an increase in biochemical markers of inflammation from the 14th day. Bone remodeling in rats with MSCs was characterized by lower activity. In 12-month-old rats in comparison with 3-month-old animals we noted more active inflammation, with a slowed activity in bone remodeling.

State-of-the-art update for diagnosing diabetic foot osteomyelitis: a narrative review.

Recently, the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot and the Infectious Diseases Society of America divided diabetic foot disease into diabetic foot infection (DFI) and diabetic foot osteomyelitis (DFO). DFI is usually diagnosed clinically, while numerous methods exist to diagnose DFO. In this narrative review, the authors aim to summarize the updated data on the diagnosis of DFO. An extensive literature search using "diabetic foot [MeSH]" and "osteomyelitis [MeSH]" or "diagnosis" was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar in July 2023. The possibility of DFO is based on inflammatory clinical signs, including the probe-to-bone (PTB) test. Elevated inflammatory biochemical markers, especially erythrocyte sedimentation rate, are beneficial. Distinguishing abnormal findings of plain radiographs is also a first-line approach. Moreover, sophisticated modalities, including magnetic resonance imaging and nuclear medicine imaging, are helpful if doubt remains after a first-line diagnosis. Transcutaneous bone biopsy, which does not pass through the wound, is necessary to avoid contaminating the sample. This review focuses on the current diagnostic techniques for DFOs with an emphasis on the updates. To obtain the correct therapeutic results, selecting a proper option is necessary. Based on these numerous diagnosis modalities and indications, the proper choice of diagnostic tool can have favorable treatment outcomes.

Herpes simplex virus reactivation among severe COVID-19 patients: to treat or not to treat?

Background: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) reactivation in the airways is a common finding among patients admitted to the intensive care unit and has been more recently been reported in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Evidence suggests that HSV-1 reactivation in critically ill patients may be associated with higher morbidity and mortality rates. However, there is conflicting data about whether treatment with acyclovir impacts outcomes. Objectives: The primary aim of this study is to assess whether acyclovir improves survival in critically ill COVID-19 patients with concomitant HSV-1 reactivation. Additionally, we explore the effect of acyclovir on cardiorespiratory instability, biochemical markers of inflammation and renal function. Incidence, potential risk factors and outcomes of HSV-1 reactivation in COVID-19 ICU patients are studied last. Methods: A retrospective single-center cohort study set in a Belgian tertiary-care university hospital. All COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU between March 1st, 2020, and April 15th, 2021, and were tested for HSV-1 using real-time PCR in airway samples were included for analysis. The administration of acyclovir for patients with HSV-1 reactivation was not randomized. Mortality and various markers of morbidity (cardiorespiratory instability, biochemical markers of inflammation, and renal function) were compared between patients that had received acyclovir and those that had not. Secondary outcome measures were respiratory and inflammatory markers of disease severity. Results: 34.7% (42/121) of patients had HSV-1 reactivation, of which 67% (28/42) received acyclovir. ICU mortality was 36% (n = 10) in the acyclovir group versus 0% in the untreated group. Multivariate analysis resulted in OR 3.82 (95% CI 1.37 – 10.68) for ICU mortality in the treated group. Patients treated with acyclovir had a longer length of stay (41.8 vs. 26.8 days, p = .018), longer duration of invasive mechanical ventilation (33.4 vs. 21.8 days, p = .050), and lower PaO2/FiO2 ratio (59.9 vs. 73.4 mmHg, p = .008). Conclusions: The role of acyclovir in patients with HSV-1 reactivation in the ICU remains controversial. According to this study, respiratory HSV-1 reactivation for this specific patient group might be better left untreated. Treatment selection bias, however, could not be fully excluded.

Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in "Long COVID": pathophysiology, heart rate variability, and inflammatory markers.

Long COVID is characterized by persistent signs and symptoms that continue or develop for more than 4 weeks after acute COVID-19 infection. Patients with Long COVID experience a cardiovascular autonomic imbalance known as dysautonomia. However, the underlying autonomic pathophysiological mechanisms behind this remain unclear. Current hypotheses include neurotropism, cytokine storms, and inflammatory persistence. Certain immunological factors indicate autoimmune dysfunction, which can be used to identify patients at a higher risk of Long COVID. Heart rate variability can indicate autonomic imbalances in individuals suffering from Long COVID, and measurement is a non-invasive and low-cost method for assessing cardiovascular autonomic modulation. Additionally, biochemical inflammatory markers are used for diagnosing and monitoring Long COVID. These inflammatory markers can be used to improve the understanding of the mechanisms driving the inflammatory response and its effects on the sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways of the autonomic nervous system. Autonomic imbalances in patients with Long COVID may result in lower heart rate variability, impaired vagal activity, and substantial sympathovagal imbalance. New research on this subject must be encouraged to enhance the understanding of the long-term risks that cardiovascular autonomic imbalances can cause in individuals with Long COVID.

The effects of wartime stress factors on the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Objective — to analyze the risk factors of the disease course, to evaluate metabolic factors and biochemical markers of inflammation in patients with non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) who were affected by stress during martial law. Materials and methods. Examinations involved 42 patients with NAFLD who were affected by stress during military operations, and 20 subjects of the control group. Investigations included questionnaire survey, determination of the quantitative and qualitative state of visceral lipid tissue (VLT) with the use of OMRON BF‑511 body composition monitor scales. Levels of the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism indicators, markers of hepatocyte damage and systemic inflammation were determined using standard diagnostic methods. Statistical data processing was performed using the statistical program package «SPSS 17.0» (SPSS, USA). Results. A questionnaire has been developed to determine risk factors for the occurrence and progression of NAFLD during wartime. According to the results of the questionnaire survey of NAFLD patients, the influence of stress factors on the general condition of patients was revealed, in particular, 71.4% of patients experienced a decrease in mood, a feeling of anxiety and fear, excessive worry for various reasons, a feeling of tension and inability to relax (59.5%), which was accompanied by difficulties with falling asleep, restless intermittent sleep in 66.7% of cases. Patients with NAFLD demonstrated the greatest expressiveness of general weakness and rapid fatigue. In more than 2/3 of the examined patients, there was a violation of the nutrition regime, limitation of physical activity, deterioration of the quality of food and drinking water. During the war, most respondents (73.8%) experienced an exacerbation of chronic metabolic diseases. In patients with NAFLD who were under the influence of negative factors of the war period, a significant increase in the VLT levels was observed in the groups with both normal and excessive weight, and in the group with obesity (9% and 17%), which is probably due to the potential effects of the stressful wartime factors to increase the number and activity of hormonally active VLT. The significant increase in the levels of fasting glucose and markers of insulin resistance, an increase in the activity of liver transaminases and C‑reactive protein levels compared to the pre‑war period were revealed in the examined patients. Conclusions. The main epigenetic factors that could potentially affect the NAFLD course during the active military operations, were identified and evaluated. The most significant manifestations were psycho‑emotional disorders in the form of asthenic and anxiety‑depressive disorders, violations of the regime and quality of nutrition. In NAFLD patients who were affected by the negative consequences of hostilities, the significant increase in the level of fasting glucose and markers of insulin resistance was found, which is probably related to the negative effect of wartime stress factors. An increase in the activity of hepatic transaminases and the level of CRP in NAFLD patients who were affected by hostilities compared to the pre‑war period was revealed. These changes cause a more severe course of NAFLD in wartime conditions and may contribute to the rapid progression of the disease in the future.

Hematologic and biochemical inflammatory markers increase with body mass and positively correlate in adolescents.

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that has its origins in childhood. The goal of this study was to explore the relationships of hematologic inflammatory markers to body mass, biochemical inflammatory markers and cardiometabolic risk factors. Healthy, white, non-Hispanic identifying adolescents (n = 75, age 12 to 18 years) were enrolled. Measures studied included body mass index percentile (BMI%), neutrophil and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (NLR, PLR), pan immune inflammation value (PIV), lipids, augmentation index, reactive hyperemia, inflammatory markers (interleukin 6: IL6, c-reactive protein: CRP), complement (C3, C3a, C4, C4a, C5a) insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity (oral glucose tolerance test: Matusda index, and disposition index (DI)). NLR (rS = 0.31, p < 0.01), PLR (rS = 0.32, p < 0.01), PIV (rS = 0.32, p < 0.01) and CRP (rS = 0.51, p < 0.001) all positively correlated with BMI% but IL-6 did not. NLR, PLR and PIV all positively correlated with each other. NLR correlated with the reactive hyperemia response (rS = 0.29, p < 0.02) but this relationship was lost when BMI% was included. NLR positively correlated with C3a, C4, CRP and IL6 even when BMI% was included. In healthy adolescents hematologic markers of inflammation increase with increasing body mass and neutrocyte to lymphocyte ratio is associated with increased complement and inflammatory markers independent of obesity. Hematologic and biochemical markers of inflammation increase with increased body mass in healthy adolescents. Hematologic and biochemical markers of inflammation are positively related independent of body mass in healthy adolescents. Hematologic inflammatory markers are not relatedto markers of cardiometabolic risk in healthy adolescents.

Comparing the expression of MiR-223-NLRP3-IL-1β axis and serum IL-1β levels in patients with severe COVID-19 and healthy individuals

Background and aimThe hyperactive nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in the course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a key factor for cytokine storm, chronic inflammation, and mortality in infected patients. On the subject of the regulation of the NLRP3-inflammasome activation, micro-ribonucleic acid (RNA)-223 (miR-223), among the major RNA molecules, has been thus far investigated in some inflammatory diseases along with interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and NLRP3. Against this background, the present study aimed to compare healthy individuals and patients with severe COVID-19 with reference to the alterations in the expression of the miR-223, NLRP3, and IL-1β axis and the serum IL-1β levels. MethodsIn total, 40 patients with severe COVID-19, admitted to the Infectious Ward of Razi Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran, who were homogenous in terms of age (40 years old) and gender, were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique was then applied to assess the expression of the miR-223, NLRP3, and IL-1β genes, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was then utilized to evaluate the serum IL-1β levels, using patients’ blood samples. Moreover, inflammatory biochemical markers of the participants were collected and recorded ResultsAccording to the study results, the IL-1β expression was 3.9 times higher in the patients with COVID-19, compared with the control group (p = 0.0005). The NLRP3 expression was also 6.04 times greater in the infected patients, compared with the healthy individuals (p < 0.0001). On the other hand, the miR-223 expression was 5.37 times lower in the case group, compared with the controls (p = 0.04). ConclusionThe study findings indicated the potential role of miR-223 and the dysregulation of NLRP3 inflammasome followed by IL-1β, as a regulatory factor in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, like that in other inflammatory diseases.

In situ reconstruction of an infected infrarenal aortic pseudoaneurysm and arteriovenous fistula with self-made pericardium graft.

Infectious aortic disease is a challenging life-threatening disease in cardiovascular surgery. A 70-year-old man patient presented with an infected infrarenal aortic pseudoaneurysm and right iliac artery- left iliac vein fistula (arteriovenous fistula). He underwent total infected tissues excision, debridement, in situ reconstructions of the aorta using a self-made pericardium graft with omental coverage and arteriovenous fistula patch repair to prevent leakage. One-year follow-up revealed the absence of clinically relevant infection with patency of the graft and the absence of biochemical inflammatory markers.

Changes in the indicators of connective tissue metabolism in the blood serum of experimental rats under the conditions of modeling the development of degenerative processes in paravertebral muscles

Low back pain is a common health problem. To deepen the understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease, experimental studies on animals with modeling of the pathological process are necessary. Objective. Based on the analysis of biochemical markers of connective tissue metabolism in the blood serum of laboratory rats, the applicability of the studied models of degenerative muscle tissue damage to study the relationship between this condition and the development of disorders in spinal motor segments was assessed. Methods. Two models of reproduction of degenerative processes in the paravertebral muscles of white rats were tested: I (n = 5) — alimentary (diet-induced) obesity, by keeping it for 3 months on a high-calorie diet; II (n = 5) — ischemia, by tying the large rectus muscles of the back with suture material (45 days). Control group (n = 5) — intact animals of similar age and sex. The content of glycoproteins, total chondroitin sulfates (CS), hexosamines, protein-bound hexoses, seroglycoides, fractional distribution and total content of hydroxyproline and glycosaminoglycan sulfates (GAGs) were investigated in the blood serum of rats. The results. In the blood serum of rats of groups I and II, a significant increase compared to the control level of glycoproteins was determined, with a greater effect in the ischemia model, but no significant changes of protein-bound hexoses, hexosamines and CS were recorded. The level of inflammatory markers (sialic acids and seroglycoides) in the blood serum of animals of both groups did not differ significantly from the control, and changes in the parameters of hydroxyproline (except for the slightly changed protein-bound fraction) and GAGs were significant only for the ischemia model. Conclusions. Based on the analysis of biochemical markers of connective tissue metabolism in rats of groups I and II, changes characteristic of degenerative processes were determined, with a greater manifestation in the ischemia model. No significant increase in biochemical markers of inflammation was recorded. Both models can be used to reproduce dystrophic processes in osteochondrosis.

The Effect of Hyaluronic Acid Gel on Periodontal Parameters, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Biochemical Markers in Periodontitis Patients

Hyaluronic acid in its various forms shows bacteriostatic, fungistatic, anti-inflammatory, anti-edematous, osteoinductive, and pro-angiogenetic properties. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of subgingival delivery of 0.8% hyaluronic acid (HA) gel on clinical periodontal parameters, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha) and biochemical markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein (CRP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzymes) in patients with periodontitis. Seventy-five patients with chronic periodontitis were divided randomly into three groups (25 in each group): group I received scaling and surface root debridement (SRD) + HA gel; group II received SRD + chlorhexidine gel; and group III received surface root debridement alone. Clinical periodontal parameter measurements and blood samples were collected to estimate pro-inflammatory and biochemical parameters at the baseline before therapy and after two months of therapy. The results show that HA gel has a significant effect on the reduction in clinical periodontal parameters (PI, GI, BOP, PPD, and CAL), IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, CRP, and ALP after 2 months of therapy as compared to the baseline (p < 0.05) with nonsignificant differences from the CHX group (p > 0.05), except GI (p < 0.05), and significant differences from the SRD group (p < 0.05). Moreover, significant differences were found between the three groups regarding the mean improvements of GI, BOP, PPD, IL-1β, CRP, and ALP. It can be concluded that HA gel has a positive effect on clinical periodontal parameters and improvements in inflammatory mediators similar to chlorhexidine. Therefore, HA gel can be used as an adjuvant to SRD in the treatment of periodontitis.

Quercetin supplementation promotes recovery after exercise-induced muscle damage: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Quercetin (Q) is one of the most frequently consumed flavonoids in the human diet. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the effects of Q supplementation on muscle damage, muscle soreness and biochemical markers of inflammation, antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress after intense exercise. A literature search of SPORTDiscus, PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus was performed from inception to May 31, 2022. Forest plots were generated with fixed or random-effect models and standardized mean differences (SMD). Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two authors. After application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 13 studies with a total of 249 sedentary to well-trained participants were included. For all studies there were some concerns about the risk of bias. All but one study used a supplementation dosage of 1000 mg/day. Q supplementation accelerated recovery of muscle function and significantly decreased muscle soreness 0/24 h after exercise (SMD: -1.33; p = 0.03), creatine kinase levels 24/48 h after exercise (SMD: -1.15; p = 0.02), and post-exercise oxidative stress (SMD: -0.92; p = 0.03). However, Q supplementation had no effect on IL-6 concentration. Q supplementation with a dose of 1000 mg/day for periods of more than seven days and a maximum of 12 weeks appears to be a safe and efficacious strategy to reduce muscle damage and muscle soreness, as well as to enhance recovery after intense exercise in sedentary to well-trained young men. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42021266801.

Predicting Role of Inflammatory Biochemical Markers in Post-Operative Delirium After Vascular Surgery Procedures

Predicting Role of Inflammatory Biochemical Markers in Post-Operative Delirium After Vascular Surgery Procedures

Association between morphological manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease and biochemical markers of inflammation

Aim. To determine morphological and morphometric changes in the structure of the mucous membrane of the large intestine and their relationship with the content of short-chain volatile fatty acids and fecal calprotectin in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Materials and methods. We examined 68 patients with inflammatory bowel disease, including 30 women and 38 men aged 20–66 years, 55 patients were with ulcerative colitis and 13 patients – with Crohn’s disease. Histological examination focused on changes in the mucous membrane of the large intestine. Determination of short-chain volatile fatty acids in feces was performed using gas chromatography. Calprotectin content was measured in fecal samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. Significant correlations were found between epithelial disruption and changes in crypt architecture, infiltration density, and histological activity. The higher degree of inflammation in patients with severe course was combined with a lower level of tissue nonspecific protection, which was detected by the number of goblet cells, eosinophilic and neutrophilic leukocytes. There was a decrease in the fecal concentration of butyric acid in patients with nonspecific ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease compared with controls, but a more significant decrease was observed in patients with severe nonspecific ulcerative colitis. The data have confirmed the association between inflammatory bowel disease and the content of short-chain volatile fatty acids, fecal calprotectin in coprofiltrate, which was evidenced by the presence of correlations between low content of short-chain volatile fatty acids and eosinophilic infiltration (r = -0.412; fecal calprotectin levels and disease severity (r = 0.589; P = 0.001), atrophy (r = 0.458; Р &lt; 0.05), infiltration density (r = 0.434; Р &lt; 0.05). Conclusions. All patients with inflammatory bowel disease are characterized by a specific histological picture, which reflected the different degrees of inflammation. Morphometric parameters more accurately show significant atrophic changes in the mucous membrane of the large intestine. The data have confirmed the association between inflammatory bowel disease and the content of short-chain volatile fatty acids and calprotectin in coprofiltrate.

Using induced sputum method in clinical practice in patients with bronchial asthma

This article presents an overview of modern statements of the induced sputum method; detailed description of the methods and protocols for taking sputum in adults and children, methods for processing the obtained substance. The paper describes in detail the features of the cellular composition of induced sputum in healthy individuals and in patients with bronchial asthma, emphasizes the importance of the eosinophilia level as a prognostic and diagnostic criterion of asthma and also determines the functions of other induced sputum cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, basophils. The article is illustrated with photographs of sputum microscopy. In addition to sputum cytology, we give accent to the possibility of using other research methods such as an identification of viral and bacterial pathogens, genomics, proteomics, lipidomics, metabolomics, determination of the concentration of various mediators in the sputum supernatant. The paper presents the ideas on biochemical inflammatory markers and remodelling of the respiratory tract in asthma, which can be determined in sputum (C3a anaphylatoxin, clusterin, periostin, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin, folliculin). In addition, we summarize the information on inflammatory phenotypes of bronchial asthma, emphasize their variability and modification depending on the period of the disease, prescribed treatment, intercurrent respiratory infections, and smoking. The article also presents detailed characteristics of eosinophilic, neutrophilic, mixed and small granulocyte phenotypes of bronchial asthma, and describes the most frequent correlations of phenotypes with the severity and course of the disease, with lung function parameters and other indicators. The paper gives an account of the possibilities of using the induced sputum method for a comprehensive assessment of the course, asthma controllability and the effectiveness of drug therapy, as well as for a personalized selection of an antiinflammatory drug considering the inflammatory phenotype.