Biobehavioral Perspective Research Articles

Biobehavioral Organization in Securely and Insecurely Attached Infants

Attachment research has shown the emergence of individual differences in the security of infant-mother attachment during the first year of life as well as their importance for later social-emotional development. A biobehavioral perspective may help settle disagreements about the validity and interpretation of 12-month-old infants' different behavioral patterns of attachment assessed by Ainsworth's Strange Situation. It was shown that, despite less overt distress in insecure-avoidant infants after short separations from the mother, overall cardiac measures indicate arousal patterns similar to the secure infants during separation. However, differences in cardiac response emerged with regard to object versus person orientation during reunion. Additionally, findings of increased cortisol in both insecure-avoidant and disorganized infants support the theoretical interpretation that these infants, in contrast to secure infants, lack an appropriate coping strategy.

Anthropological methods in ethnopharmacology

This paper reviews anthropological methods in ethnopharmacology to advance a critical and biobehavioral perspective for the construction of primary data in the light of indigenous paradigms of health and therapeutics. The unique contributions of anthropology are the conceptual and practical tools that allow one to develop the ethnography of plant use in sufficient depth to correlate with laboratory and clinical investigations of plant constituents and activities. This serves an ethnopharmacology that links bioscientific research to traditional empirical knowledge. Specific methods discussed include: key respondents, participant observation, focus groups, structured and unstructured interviews, survey instruments and questionnaires, lexical and semantic studies, and discourse and content analysis. The accommodation of rapid ethnographic techniques for ethnopharmacologic research is described, and several problem orientations based on assessments of efficacy are offered.

Review of Health enhancement, disease prevention, and early intervention: Biobehavioral perspectives.

Review of Health enhancement, disease prevention, and early intervention: Biobehavioral perspectives.

Childhood obesity: A biobehavioral perspective. Edited by N.A. Krasnegor, G.D. Grave, and N. Kretchmer. xiii + 218 pp. Caldwell, NJ: The Telford Press. 1988, $45.00 (cloth), $27.50 (paper)

American Journal of Human BiologyVolume 2, Issue 5 p. 589-590 Book Review Childhood obesity: A biobehavioral perspective. Edited by N.A. Krasnegor, G.D. Grave, and N. Kretchmer. xiii + 218 pp. Caldwell, NJ: The Telford Press. 1988, $45.00 (cloth), $27.50 (paper) Claude Bouchard, Claude Bouchard Laval University, Physical Activity Sciences Laboratory, Ste-Foy, Quebec, CanadaSearch for more papers by this author Claude Bouchard, Claude Bouchard Laval University, Physical Activity Sciences Laboratory, Ste-Foy, Quebec, CanadaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 1990 https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.1310020516AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. Volume2, Issue51990Pages 589-590 RelatedInformation

Childhood obesity: A biobehavioral perspective, Edited by N. A. Krasnegor, G. D. Grave, and N. Kretchmer, Telford Press Inc., West Caldwell, NJ, 1988, 300 pages, $42.50 hardcover

Childhood obesity: A biobehavioral perspective, Edited by N. A. Krasnegor, G. D. Grave, and N. Kretchmer, Telford Press Inc., West Caldwell, NJ, 1988, 300 pages, $42.50 hardcover

Nicotine Uses and Abuses: From Brain Probe to Public Health Menace

There has been a notable lack of dialogue between neuroscientists, who use nicotine in their work as they would any other pharmacological tool, and public policy and health researchers, who view nicotine dependence with increasing dismay and see the continued use of tobacco products as a modern day scourge. This special journal issue attempts to foster communication among nicotine researchers working along the continuum from basic to applied science. An additional objective is to convey a sense for the special problems and opportunities in the study of nicotine and tobacco use that may be of general interest to those concerned with substance abuse. The articles that follow explore two themes, (1) nicotine as a tool to probe neural activity, and (2) tobacco use as a health hazard and societal problem, by examining nicotine from pharmacochemical, biobehavioral, and econo-social perspectives. The rationale for the integration is that there may be benefits from viewing nicotine in a context broader than those dictated by custom and technological specialization.

A Biobehavioral View of Substance Abuse and Addiction

This paper examines addiction from a biobehavioral perspective, defining it as repeated use of a substance and/or a compelling involvement in a behavior that directly or indirectly modifies the internal milieu in such a way as to produce immediate reinforcement, but with harmful long-term effects. Using cigarette smoking as an exemplary addiction, we attempt to develop a comprehensive analysis of substance abuse that incorporates both pharmacological and social learning factors. Such a formulation suggests that research strategies involving multivariate analyses will be required if the complexities of addiction are to be satisfactorily addressed. It also has implications for treatment, in suggesting that interventions with both pharmacological and behavioral components are more likely to produce successful outcomes.

Teaching Biopolitics: Needs, Experiences, Problems and Prospects

Biopolitics must be taught in a context that makes it possible for students to acquire competence in at least evolutionary biology, genetics (with the proper molecular biology perspective), biological anthropology, neurobiology, and the evolution of behavior. A more modest beginning may be necessary, however, and actually has been pursued at various institutions.Although a systematic study of experiences in teaching biopolitics has not been prepared, various impressions have been obtained. In spite of some seemingly discouraging situations with respect to biopolitics, expectations that a biobehavioral perspective ultimately will be the principal and pervasive frame of reference for a proper study of political processes and institutions are justified.

Alcohol and alcohol problems research 10. The United States.

SummaryAlcohol research in the United States is reviewed within an historical perspective of five decades. The status of current research in the biological and the behavioral sciences is considered in the context of a changing climate of public concern about alcohol problems and changes in scientific interests, funding resources and organizational mechanisms for supporting research. The need for a biobehavioral perspective in alcohol research is emphasized.

The politics of ostracism

A proper recognition of the significance of the study of the evolution of behavior, which has made clear that there is a continuity between morphology and behavior, requires a consideration of ostracism in a biobehavioral perspective. Ostracism is conceived in this presentation as coerced or involuntary exit, in the literal sense as the forced departure of individuals from the society in which they live, as well as in the figurative sense as an exclusion that can range from a denial of freedom of religion, speech, press, and assembly to systematic genocide. In this context, ostracism can be understood as a phenomenon that is the inverse of civil rights and liberties. It is a modified inverse of these rights and liberties, however, because ostracism in the legitimate administration of justice has different (and sometimes opposite) consequences from ostracism as the arbitrary abrogation of civil rights and liberties. For conceptual and empirical reasons, this duality should be viewed not as a dichotomy but as a different point at which the phenomenon changes from being functional for the legal system to being dysfunctional for it. The characteristic of continuity is an imperative criterion in considering a quantitative analysis of ostracism. It is reflected in an equation that graphically can be represented as a parabola. If valid and reliable data for measuring degrees of ostracism and survival prospects can be obtained, insights would be obtained that could contribute to more informed explanations of political change and to an assessment of the survival prospects of regimes, like those of the West, the citizens of which view the extension of civil rights and liberties as a foundation of legitimate government.

Primates and Political Authority: A Biobehavioral Perspective

This paper presents an evolutionary-biological perspective on the stratification of political authority, power, and influence. The rudiments and relevance of a biobehavioral approach are indicated, particularly in regard to study of the behavior of subhuman primate species. Dominance-deference behavior patterns in four species—rhesus macaques, savanna baboons, gorillas, and chimpanzees—are described and compared, followed by discussion of some stratification concepts that have been derived from primate studies and applied to human societies. The possible continuing influence on man's behavior of his evolutionary history is considered through discussion of a zoologist's attempt to reconstruct it, and through tentative reinterpretations of social psychological conceptions of leader-follower relationships and dispositions to obey authority figures. Finally, it is suggested that the modern conception of political authority per se as contingent and contrived may be empirically untenable, and, if so, that certain implications may follow concerning theories of political obligation and constitutionalism.

Behavioral science and medical education: A biobehavioral perspective

A model for the teaching of behavioral science in medical schools is described. In this approach attention is concentrated on behavioral (psychological, social, cultural) factors linking the individual with physical illness and the medical care system. These factors are organized by means of an illness behavior model. The student is encouraged to view illness as a behavioral construct (i.e. as a behavioral discontinuity in the patient's life) as well as a biomedical construct (i.e. as a biological disruption of functioning) and to understand the dynamic interaction between these two systems of organization. The ideal institutional setting and ideal faculty for teaching medical behavioral science are discussed.

Self-regulation of response patterning: implications for psychophysiological research and therapy.

This paper develops the basic premise that learning to self-regulate a pattern of responses can have different consequences from those observed when controlling individual functions alone. It is suggested that the self-regulation of patterns of responses can be a particularly sensitive and effective procedure for (a) uncovering biological linkages and constraints between responses in the intact human, (b) investigating how multiphysiological systems combine to produce unique subjective experiences and effects on performance, and (c) enhancing the clinical effectiveness of biofeedback procedures by training patients to integrate and coordinate voluntarily specific patterns of cognitive, autonomic, and motor responses. These hypotheses are illustrated by basic research involving biofeedback training for patterns of blood pressure, heart rate and EEG activity, related experiments on the cognitive self-regulation of patterns of physiological responses using affective imagery and meditation procedures, and case studies of patients treated with biofeedback. The concept of electronic biofeedback as an "unnatural act" is presented with the goal of placing self-regulation within a more biobehavioral perspective emphasizing the natural patterning of physiological processes.

Ethology and the Tradition of Political Thought

Previous articleNext article No AccessArticlesEthology and the Tradition of Political ThoughtFred H. Wilhoite, Jr.Fred H. Wilhoite, Jr. Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of Politics Volume 33, Number 3Aug., 1971 Sponsored by the Southern Political Science Association Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2307/2128275 Views: 5Total views on this site Citations: 8Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1971 Southern Political Science AssociationPDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Samuel M. Hines Author's Response, Politics and the Life Sciences 1, no.11 (May 2016): 25–37.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0730938400000083John C. Wahlke Pre-Behavioralism in Political Science, American Political Science Review 73, no.11 (Aug 2014): 9–31.https://doi.org/10.2307/1954728Samuel S. Kim The Lorenzian Theory of Aggression and Peace Research: A Critique, Journal of Peace Research 13, no.44 (Dec 1976): 253–276.https://doi.org/10.1177/002234337601300401Fred H. Willhoite Primates and Political Authority: A Biobehavioral Perspective, American Political Science Review 70, no.44 (Aug 2014): 1110–1126.https://doi.org/10.2307/1959377Stephen D. Nelson Nature/Nurture Revisited II, Journal of Conflict Resolution 19, no.44 (Jul 2016): 734–761.https://doi.org/10.1177/002200277501900413 Fred H. Willhoite, Jr. Equal Opportunity and Primate Particularism, The Journal of Politics 37, no.11 (Oct 2015): 270–276.https://doi.org/10.2307/2128900Stephen D. Nelson Review Section : Nature/Nurture Revisited I, Journal of Conflict Resolution 18, no.22 (Jul 2016): 285–335.https://doi.org/10.1177/002200277401800206Albert Somit Review Article: Biopolitics, British Journal of Political Science 2, no.22 (Jan 2009): 209–238.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123400008590