Bioavailability Of Pesticides Research Articles

Different effects of polyethylene microplastics on bioaccumulation of three fungicides in maize (Zea mays L.)

Despite the ubiquity of microplastics (MPs) and pesticides in agricultural soils, the effects of MPs on the behavior and bioavailability of pesticides in soil–plant systems remain largely unknown. This study comparatively investigated the adsorption and dissipation of three commonly used fungicides (metalaxyl, azoxystrobin and tebuconazole) in soil as well as their accumulation and distribution in maize Zea mays L. with and without the amendment of polyethylene MPs (PE-MPs). The results showed that the adsorption of the fungicides to both MPs and soil was strongly dependent on their octanol/water partition coefficients (logKow). The addition of 5% PE-MPs significantly increased the adsorption of the hydrophobic fungicides azoxystrobin and tebuconazole to soil due to their greater adsorption affinity to PE-MPs than to soil, while the effect was negligible in the case of the hydrophilic fungicide metalaxyl. The enhanced adsorption of azoxystrobin and tebuconazole to soil with the amendment of PE-MPs decreased their bioavailable fractions in soil, especially the concentration in in situ pore water, resulting in prolonged persistence in soil and reduced accumulation in maize plants. PE-MPs caused a greater reduction in the dissipation and bioaccumulation of tebuconazole than azoxystrobin, presumably because PE-MPs were more effective in promoting the adsorption of tebuconazole (with a higher logKow) in soil. Comparatively, PE-MPs had little effect on the dissipation and bioaccumulation of metalaxyl since its bioavailability was almost unaffected. Our work provides effective information for the risk assessment of co-contamination of MPs and pesticides.

Acidity-activated degradable Mn-engineered silicon nanohybrids coordinated with iprodione for high-efficiency management of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and nutrient enhancement to crops

Nanocarriers that respond to environmental stimuli are highly desirable in optimizing the bioavailability of pesticides while minimizing side effects. Manganese-engineered nanomaterials hold promising prospects in agriculture as versatile carriers for both intelligent controlled pesticide delivery and crop nutrient enhancement. Here, Mn-engineered hollow silicon nanospheres (Mn-HSNs) with a bubble-like structure were synthesized for encapsulating iprodione (IPR) to obtain IPR-loaded Mn-HSNs (IPR@Mn-HSNs). Due to its high surface area of 261.28 m2/g and surface-enriched active sites, Mn-HSNs demonstrated a commendable loading capacity of 56.4 % for IPR. Results indicated that the -Si-O-Mn- hybrid framework of IPR@Mn-HSNs not only facilitated acidity-triggered IPR release capability but also served as a plentiful source of Mn ion and orthosilicic acid (Si(OH)4) to promote crop growth. The release amount of IPR in an acidic environment generated by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum of oilseed rape was 3.14 times higher than that under neutral conditions. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the antibacterial activity of IPR@Mn-HSNs was about 1.2 times higher than that of commercial IPR suspension concentrate. Appreciably, IPR@Mn-HSNs could be effectively transported to different parts of rapeseed plants through foliar spray, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of pesticide utilization. More importantly, IPR@Mn-HSNs had no discernible impact on the survival of Harmonia axyridis and were relatively safe for HL-7702 and HK-2 cells. Therefore, this work offers valuable insights into the development of an efficient and environmentally friendly pesticide nanoformulation for sustainable and eco-friendly plant protection in agriculture.

Research Process on the Combined Pollution of Microplastics and Typical Pollutants in Agricultural Soils

As a new type of environmental persistent pollutant， microplastics can not only have adverse effects on the ecosystem but also form complex pollution with co-existing pollutants in the surrounding environment， resulting in higher ecological and health risks. Based on the perspective of agroecosystems， this study focused on the combined pollution of heavy metals， pesticides， and antibiotics， which are three typical pollutants of farmland soil， as well as microplastics and discussed the adsorption-desorption behavior of heavy metals， pesticides， and antibiotics on microplastics. The influence of the structure and properties of microplastics， the physicochemical properties of pollutants， and environmental conditions on the adsorption and desorption behavior of heavy metals， pesticides， and antibiotics on microplastics was discussed. The influence of microplastics on the bioavailability of heavy metals， pesticides， and antibiotics in farmland soil and the internal mechanism were expounded. The existing problems and shortcomings of current research were pointed out， and the future research direction was proposed. This study can provide a scientific reference for ecological risk assessment of the combined pollution of microplastics and typical pollutants in farmland soil.

Enhancing Systemic Translocation of Insecticides via Nanoformulations Incorporating β-Cyclodextrin Octadecarboxylate as a Carrier.

The conversion of contact-killing pesticides into systemic pesticides can significantly enhance the bioavailability of pesticides, thereby reducing pesticide usage and environmental harm. A series of β-cyclodextrin fatty acid esters with varying branch chains were synthesized and employed as carriers in nanoformulation of insecticide. The investigation revealed that nanoformulations prepared using β-cyclodextrin octadecarboxylate (β-CDs) exhibited superior stability and remarkable systemic translocation within plants. Six contact-killing insecticide nanoformulations were developed utilizing β-CDs as carriers, and tests indicated that β-CDs significantly enhanced the systemic translocation of insecticides in plants compared to carrier-free nanoformulations. It was found that β-CDs increased the level of systemic translocation of insecticides by 5-12 times. Additionally, characterization results from λ-cyhalothrin-β-CDs nanoformulation demonstrated their superior ability to improve photolysis resistance, prolong release time, and extend insecticidal duration. Consequently, β-CDs can be utilized as a green additive in pesticide production to enhance the systemic translocation of pesticides in plants and increase their bioavailability.

Production and characterization of a biosurfactant produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens C11 for enhancing the solubility of pesticides

The production and characterization of lipopeptide biosurfactant obtained from a novel bacterial strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens C11 isolated from a biopurification system, to enhance the solubility of three pesticides of environmental concern was investigated. Biosurfactant production by B. amyloliquefaciens C11 was evaluated in a 2-L reactor and characterized by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods. Biosurfactant production was associated with bacterial growth and glucose consumption. The produced biosurfactant decreased the surface tension of water from 72 to 28 mN m−1 at 24 h of incubation, with critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 51.5 mg L−1. The polymerase chain reaction for determining the presence of srfAA gene in B. amyloliquefaciens C11 was carried out. The strain exhibited the presence of srfAA gene with amplification at 201 bp, which is specific to surfactin homologues. The production of surfactin was corroborated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) analyses. The HPLC analysis showed six isoforms of surfactin, being the isoform D found in mayor percentage (41%). Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed the thermostability of the biosurfactant. The obtained biosurfactant maintained its properties during exposure to temperatures in range of 30–80 °C and pH values in range of 5–9. The surfactin produced by B. amyloliquefaciens C11 increased the solubility in water of chlorpyrifos, iprodione and atrazine by 7.5-fold, 1.3-fold, and 1.4-fold, respectively. Our results show that the biosurfactant produced by B. amyloliquefaciens C11 improves the bioavailability of pesticides and consequently could improves the efficiency of bioremediation processes.

Nanopesticides in comparison with agrochemicals: Outlook and future prospects for sustainable agriculture

Agrochemicals are products of advanced technologies that use inorganic pesticides and fertilizers. Widespread use of these compounds has adverse environmental effects, leading to acute and chronic exposure. Globally, scientists are adopting numerous green technologies to ensure a healthy and safe food supply and a livelihood for everyone. Nanotechnologies significantly impact all aspects of human activity, including agriculture, even if synthesizing certain nanomaterials is not environmentally friendly. Numerous nanomaterials may therefore make it easier to create natural insecticides, which are more effective and environmentally friendly. Nanoformulations can improve efficacy, reduce effective doses, and extend shelf life, while controlled-release products can improve the delivery of pesticides. Nanotechnology platforms enhance the bioavailability of conventional pesticides by changing kinetics, mechanisms, and pathways. This allows them to bypass biological and other undesirable resistance mechanisms, increasing their efficacy. The development of nanomaterials is expected to lead to a new generation of pesticides that are more effective and safer for life, humans, and the environment. This article aims to express at how nanopesticides are being used in crop protection now and in the future. This review aims to shed some light on the various impacts of agrochemicals, their benefits, and the function of nanopesticide formulations in agriculture.

Green Nanopesticide: pH-Responsive Eco-Friendly Pillar[5]arene-Modified Selenium Nanoparticles for Smart Delivery of Carbendazim to Suppress Sclerotinia Diseases

Controlled-release delivery systems have been widely used to improve the efficacy and bioavailability of pesticides and minimize environmental risks. Herein, a fungicide carbendazim (CBZ)-loaded, a kind of nanovalve including trimethylammoniumpillar[5]arene (AP5), and methyl orange (MO)-functionalized mesoporous selenium (MSe) nanopesticides (CBZ@AP5/MSe⊃MO) were prepared. The nanovalve endowed CBZ@AP5/MSe⊃MO with a pH-responsive property, so the CBZ@AP5/MSe⊃MO can respond to the microenvironment of the pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (S. sclerotiorum). First, MO was shed due to protonation, and AP5-functionalized MSe gradually dissolved in an acid environment. Finally, CBZ was released rapidly. It is reported that AP5 and MO as the host and guest functionalized mesoporous selenium (MSe) have never been applied to agriculture. In vitro release experiments showed that the cumulative release rate of CBZ at pH 4.5 was 1.74 times higher than that in a neutral environment. In addition, we found that the contact angle of the CBZ@AP5/MSe⊃MO in maize and rape leaves was effectively decreased, which could retain more in the leaves after washout. It can also decrease the dry biomass and the reducing sugar of S.sclerotiorum. The CBZ@AP5/MSe⊃MO holds a good safety profile for plants, animal cells, and the environment owing to the targeted release properties. These results suggest that CBZ@AP5/MSe⊃MO is an environmentally friendly and effective drug-loaded system against S. sclerotiorum. It provides a new strategy for the design and development of nanopesticides and the control of S. sclerotiorum.

Modulation of the non-target phytotoxicity of glyphosate by soil organic matter in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants

Glyphosate (GLY)-based herbicides are the most widely used and, although it is admitted that, when in contact with the soil, GLY degrades rapidly, recent studies show that the accumulation of its residues in soils can negatively affect the growth of non-target crops. Knowing that soil properties, such as organic matter (OM) content, influence the bioavailability of pesticides, this study aimed to study the role of soil OM in preventing GLY phytotoxicity, using tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) as a model crop species. For this, plants grew for 28 d in soils with different concentrations of OM [2.5; 5.0; 10 and 15% (m/m)] contaminated, or not, by GLY (10 mg kg−1). Afterwards, biometric parameters, oxidative stress markers [lipid peroxidation (LP); hydrogen peroxide (H2O2); proline] and several physiological indicators [total sugars, amino acids and soluble proteins; glutamine synthetase (GS) and nitrate reductase (NR)] were evaluated. According to the results, GLY significantly reduced plant growth in all tested soils, especially in those with lower OM content (2.5 and 5.0%), this being accompanied by an upsurge of LP in shoots and proline in shoots and roots, and a decrease of total sugars in both organs. In contrast, the exposure of plants to GLY in OM-enriched soils (10 and 15%) did not substantially alter the cellular redox status, while contributing to a higher content of total amino acids in shoots. Nitrogen (N) metabolism-related endpoints were not substantially affected by GLY independently of the soil OM. Overall, the results seem to suggest that soils with a higher OM content, 10 and 15%, can mitigate the non-target phytotoxicity of GLY, possibly by decreasing herbicide bioavailability and/or by stimulating defence mechanisms, thereby improving crop growth and physiological performance.

Recent progress in encapsulation and controlled release of pesticides based on cyclodextrin derivative carriers

In the context of the continuous increase in global grain production, accompanied by a large amount of investment in various pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, and other chemical pesticides. It has caused inevitable environmental problems and food safety problems. Current research suggests that the use of cyclodextrins and their derivatives to protect pesticides can significantly reduce the number of agrochemicals that pollute the environment. Using the cavity properties of cyclodextrins, we can refer to the similar way in which drug molecules make cyclodextrins and cyclodextrin polymers to form inclusion compounds. Overall, β-cyclodextrin and its derivatives are used as a new pesticide excipient to improve the stability of pesticides, prevent their oxidation and decomposition, improve the solubility and bioavailability of pesticides, reduce the toxic side effects of drugs, and mask the odour of drugs. In this review, we focus on summarising the recent research progress of β-cyclodextrins and their derivatives in pesticides and other fields, and provide a systematic classification of β-cyclodextrin polymers, as well as new synthesis methods and techniques in various applications. Finally, the future development of cyclodextrin-like polymers is foreseen, and issues arising from the research are discussed and addressed in depth.

Adsorption-Desorption Behavior and Pesticide Bioavailability of Biochar in Soil

Biochar is a porous carbon-rich substance generated by anoxic pyrolysis of biomass. Biochar has a high adsorption capacity for organic contaminants in water and soil environmental media due to its large specific surface area and surface physical and chemical characteristics. The effects of biochar application on the adsorption-desorption behavior and bioavailability of pesticides in soil are illustrated in this paper; biochar can strongly adsorb pesticides in soil due to its loose and porous properties, large specific surface area and surface energy, and highly aromatic structure. Residual pesticide pollutants are reduced, as is desorption hysteresis, which reduces pesticide desorption. Furthermore, the use of biochar reduced the absorption and efficacy of pesticides in soil. At the same time, it describes the present gaps in research on the influence of biochar on pesticide migration mechanisms and its application in pesticide pollution control, and it identifies the major scientific issues that need to be addressed. Finally, the potential application of biochar in pesticide pollution management is discussed.

The simple strategy to improve pesticide bioavailability and minimize environmental risk by effective and ecofriendly surfactants

Low pesticide efficiency has caused serious environmental pollution and economic loss, which are closely related to each link in the targeted delivery of pesticides. However, the existing strategies for improving pesticide utilization rate are not comprehensive, and the regulation of foliar absorption and biological activity has been neglected. As surfactants are the most important agricultural synergists, the impact, wetting, adhesion, and leaf retention behaviors of pyraclostrobin (PYR) droplets containing the surfactant Triton X (TX) series on hydrophobic scallion leaf surfaces were studied. The results showed that TX-102 can sufficiently reduce the splash and roll of droplets when they impact inclined leaves, owing to its low dynamic surface tension. Moderate wetting ability and high adhesion also maximizes leaf retention of the TX-102-added PYR solution sprayed on scallion leaves. Furthermore, TX-102 improved the permeation and absorption of PYR in scallion leaves through the synergistic effects of opening the stomata and dissolving the waxy layer. The synergistic bioactivity of TX-102 against pathogenic fungi Alternaria porri and its safety to non-target organism zebrafish have also been demonstrated. Our study provides a more comprehensive theoretical rationale for screening adjuvants to improve the effectiveness and bioavailability of pesticides and reduce the risk of pesticides entering the environment.

Finding the Missing Property Concepts in Pesticide-Likeness.

Poor bioavailability of pesticides is one of the major bottlenecks in the development of pesticides. Applications of the concept of pesticide-likeness have been widely accepted as one of the ways to break the bottleneck. At present, the evaluation of pesticide-likeness is mainly based on absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADME-T) property concepts of pesticides. However, a few significant property concepts of pesticides are ignored in the research of pesticide-likeness. Herein, we summarize the current study of ADME-T and other property concepts and analyze physicochemical properties for pesticides in the last 30 years, such as Fsp3, log P, and chiral centers. On the basis of these analyses, we propose that molecular complexity and residual property concepts of pesticides should be considered in the pesticide-likeness study. We hope that this work can help pesticide researchers and students, who are less knowledgeable in the field, to assess pesticide-likeness.

Preparation and Insecticidal Activity Evaluation of Emamectin-Lignin Sulfonic Acid Conjugate with Antiphotolysis Property.

Controlled release formulations (CRFs) are considered an effective way to solve the low bioavailability of traditional pesticides. However, CRFs prepared by coating or encapsulation has the disadvantage of explosive release of the ingredients. Sustained-release pesticides prepared by coupling with a carrier can overcome this shortcoming. In the present study, an emamectin–lignin sulfonic acid conjugate (EB–SL), in which emamectin was connected via sulfonamide bonds with lignin, was prepared using sodium lignosulfonate as the carrier. The structure of the conjugate was characterized by IR, 1HNMR, and elemental analysis. The sustained-release results showed that EB–SL maintained its original structure when released in pure water and soil columns, and the sulfamide bond did not break. The photolysis test displayed that the photolysis half-life T0.5 of EB–SL was increased by 1.5 times compared with the emamectin suspending concentrate (EB-SC). Bioactivity tests in the greenhouse showed that EB–SL not only had similar insecticidal toxicity to emamectin emulsion concentrate (EB-EC) against Ostrinia nubilalis but also displayed a longer duration. The lethality of EB–SL on O. nubilalis was maintained at more than 70% across 19 days, whereas EB-EC as the control was less than 50% after 11 days of application.

Sugarcane Trash Ash Affects Degradation and Bioavailability of Pesticides in Soils

Sugarcane Trash Ash Affects Degradation and Bioavailability of Pesticides in Soils

Functionalized halloysite nanotubes as chlorpyrifos carriers with high adhesion and temperature response for controlling of beet armyworm

Intelligent responsive pesticide delivery systems have been used in agricultural applications to improve pesticide utilization. To improve the bioavailability of pesticides for combating the growth of beet armyworm (which grows fastest at 35°C), we constructed a halloysite nanotubes (Hal)-based sustained release system with intelligent temperature-responsive release properties and strong adhesion to leaves. Hal, N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm), dopamine (DA, polydopamine is abbreviated as PDA) and chlorpyrifos (CPF) were used as the raw materials to prepare (PNIPAm-g-Hal)@CPF@PDA (PHCP). PHCP had excellent thermosensitive release performance, and the average release rate at 35°C was approximately 2.5 times higher than that at 25°C. Through a simulated rainwater scour experiment, the retention rate of PHCP on corn leaves was 83.52% (2.25 times higher than that of (PNIPAm-g-Hal)@CPF) (PHC). The continuous release time of CPF from PHCP was more than 60 h. PHCP improved the UV-shielding performance of CPF, and it took 12 times longer than the original CPF to reach the same degradation rate. This study demonstrates a strategy to design pesticide carriers according to the characteristics of the target, which is widely applicable to protect crops, improve the utilization rate of pesticides, and protect the environment.

Bioavailability of legacy and current-use pesticides in juvenile Chinook salmon habitat of the Sacramento River watershed: Importance of sediment characteristics and extraction techniques

The Sacramento River watershed, California, provides important rearing and migratory habitat for several species of conservation concern. Studies have suggested significant benefits for juvenile fish rearing in floodplain habitats of the watershed compared to the mainstem Sacramento River. However, the potential for contaminant exposure in each of these two habitats is poorly understood. Consequently, the present study aimed to determine the distribution and occurrence of bioavailable pesticides within two known salmon habitats using a suite of approaches including exhaustive chemical extraction, single-point Tenax extraction (SPTE) and ex situ passive sampling. Sediment samples were collected from sites within both habitats twice annually in 2019 and 2020, with inundation of the floodplain and high flows for both areas in 2019 and low flow conditions observed in 2020. Sediment characteristics including total organic carbon, black carbon and particle size distribution were determined to elucidate the influence of physical characteristics on pesticide distribution. Using exhaustive extractions, significantly greater sediment concentrations of organochlorines were observed in the floodplain compared to the Sacramento River in both years, with bioaccessible organochlorine concentrations also significantly greater in the floodplain (ANOVA, p < 0.05). Using both SPTEs and exhaustive extractions, significantly fewer pesticides were detected across both sites under low flow conditions as compared to high flow conditions (Poisson regression, p < 0.05). Sediment characteristics including percent fines and black carbon had significant positive relationships with total and bioaccessible pyrethroid and organochlorine concentrations. Fewer analytes were detected using low-density polyethylene (LDPE) passive samplers as compared to SPTEs, suggesting greater sensitivity of the Tenax technique for bioavailability assessments. These findings suggest that threatened juvenile fish populations rearing on the floodplain may have greater exposure to organochlorines than fish inhabiting adjacent riverine habitats, and that pesticide exposure of resident biota may be exacerbated during high-flow conditions.

Tapping the Role of Microbial Biosurfactants in Pesticide Remediation: An Eco-Friendly Approach for Environmental Sustainability.

Pesticides are used indiscriminately all over the world to protect crops from pests and pathogens. If they are used in excess, they contaminate the soil and water bodies and negatively affect human health and the environment. However, bioremediation is the most viable option to deal with these pollutants, but it has certain limitations. Therefore, harnessing the role of microbial biosurfactants in pesticide remediation is a promising approach. Biosurfactants are the amphiphilic compounds that can help to increase the bioavailability of pesticides, and speeds up the bioremediation process. Biosurfactants lower the surface area and interfacial tension of immiscible fluids and boost the solubility and sorption of hydrophobic pesticide contaminants. They have the property of biodegradability, low toxicity, high selectivity, and broad action spectrum under extreme pH, temperature, and salinity conditions, as well as a low critical micelle concentration (CMC). All these factors can augment the process of pesticide remediation. Application of metagenomic and in-silico tools would help by rapidly characterizing pesticide degrading microorganisms at a taxonomic and functional level. A comprehensive review of the literature shows that the role of biosurfactants in the biological remediation of pesticides has received limited attention. Therefore, this article is intended to provide a detailed overview of the role of various biosurfactants in improving pesticide remediation as well as different methods used for the detection of microbial biosurfactants. Additionally, this article covers the role of advanced metagenomics tools in characterizing the biosurfactant producing pesticide degrading microbes from different environments.

Potential Impacts of Climate Change on the Toxicity of Pesticides towards Earthworms.

This review examined one of the effects of climate change that has only recently received attention, i.e., climate change impacts on the distribution and toxicity of chemical contaminants in the environment. As ecosystem engineers, earthworms are potentially threatened by the increasing use of pesticides. Increases in temperature, precipitation regime changes, and related extreme climate events can potentially affect pesticide toxicity. This review of original research articles, reviews, and governmental and intergovernmental reports focused on the interactions between toxicants and environmental parameters. The latter included temperature, moisture, acidification, hypoxia, soil carbon cycle, and soil dynamics, as altered by climate change. Dynamic interactions between climate change and contaminants can be particularly problematic for organisms since organisms have an upper and lower physiological range, resulting in impacts on their acclimatization capacity. Climate change variables such as temperature and soil moisture also have an impact on acidification. An increase in temperature will impact precipitation which might impact soil pH. Also, an increase in precipitation can result in flooding which can reduce the population of earthworms by not giving juvenile earthworms enough time to develop into reproductive adults. As an independent stressor, hypoxia can affect soil organisms, alter bioavailability, and increase the toxicity of chemicals in some cases. Climate change variables, especially temperature and soil moisture, significantly affect the bioavailability of pesticides in the soil and the growth and reproduction of earthworm species.

IMPLICATION OF PESTICIDES USAGE ON FRESHWATER FISH: A REVIEW

Pesticides play a significant role in improving food production through control against harmful pests with low labour and efforts while on the other hand are regarded as aquatic pollutants. These toxicants persist in aquatic environment and cause harmful effects to non- target organisms including fish. The development of pesticide tolerant species led to the need and use of varieties of pesticides with the risk of exposure to many compartments including water. Many pesticides have been proscribed for agricultural purposes by the regulatory agencies such as WHO (2020). However, It is unfortunate that many of these are sold in Nigeria or donated by donor agencies. The donated pesticides often become “obsolete” while in stock due to poor logistics and delays in receiving them at the point of need. The review on the classification, bioavailability, biotransformation, the direct and indirect effects of pesticides on freshwater fish was carried out. Biomarkers of pesticides toxicity that induce alterations in fish physiology were discussed; these include: behavioral changes such as erratic swimming, hyperactivity among other alterations. Other alterations include feeding behaviour, fluctuation in antioxidant enzyme activities, histology, haematology, growth performance and DNA damage.

Cyclodextrin polymer-valved MoS2-embedded mesoporous silica nanopesticides toward hierarchical targets via multidimensional stimuli of biological and natural environments

Targeted delivery of pesticides towards pests and pathogens can significantly improve the bioavailability and efficacy of pesticides and minimize the impact on the environment. Cyclodextrin polymer (CDP)-valved, benzimidazole functionalized, MoS2-embedded mesoporous silica (MoS2@MSN@CDP) nanopesticides were constructed toward hierarchical biological targets of pests, pathogens, and foliage. The splash and bounce of the aqueous droplets containing MoS2@MSN@CDP nanoparticles in the presence of Aersosol OT on superhydrophobic surfaces were well inhibited available for excellent wetting to prevent pesticides from losing to the environment. The multivalent supramolecular nanovalves between CDP and the functionalized benzimidazole moieties could be activated for the controlled release of pesticides in the cases of low pH and α-amylase. It is the first time to report the foliage-triggered controlled release of pesticides, owing to the competitive binding of epicuticular wax components to CDP. Furthermore, thermogenic MoS2 cores triggered the controlled release of pesticides under irradiation of near infrared light. The fungicidal efficacies of the stimuli-responsive nanopesticides against pathogenic fungi Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium graminearum were demonstrated. It is clear that the smart nanopesticides could realize the controlled release of pesticides toward hierarchical biological targets for enhanced pesticide bioavailability and efficacy via the multidimensional stimuli of pH, α-amylase, epicuticular waxes, and sunlight.